Question 1

What marks the difference between the diagnosis of HIV positive and the diagnosis of AIDS?&#10;A) Presence of peripheral neuropathy&#10;B) Presence of lymphadenopathy&#10;C) Seroconversion with presence of the HIV&#10;D) A CD4+ count below 200 and an AIDS-defining illness

Accepted Answer

The diagnosis of HIV positive is made when an individual tests positive for HIV antibodies or the presence of the virus in their blood or bodily fluids. The diagnosis of AIDS is made when an individual with HIV has a CD4+ count below 200, indicating severe immunosuppression, and develops an AIDS-defining illness such as pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, or tuberculosis. Peripheral neuropathy and lymphadenopathy can be present in both HIV and AIDS, but they do not definitively distinguish between the two diagnoses. Seroconversion refers to the time period when an individual initially becomes infected with HIV and begins to develop antibodies, and is not a diagnostic criteria for HIV or AIDS.

Question 2

OT services provided to persons infected with HIV for the purpose of promoting healthy lifestyles,preventing future opportunistic infections,and promoting balance or well-being are examples of which of the following?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Postoperative intervention

B

Accepted Answer

Secondary prevention aims to prevent the progression of a disease or condition and to promote early detection and treatment. OT services provided to persons infected with HIV for the purpose of promoting healthy lifestyles, preventing future opportunistic infections, and promoting balance or well-being fall under this category.

Question 3

Which statement is true?&#10;A) Once a person is taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), he or she is no longer able to transmit HIV.&#10;B) Once a person is taking nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), he or she is no longer able to transmit HIV.&#10;C) There are no known medications to effectively block the enzyme required to replicate HIV.&#10;D) Once a person has contracted the HIV virus, he or she can always transmit the virus during unprotected sex

Accepted Answer

Currently, there is no cure for HIV, and a person who has contracted the virus can always transmit it. While HAART can greatly reduce the amount of virus in the body, it cannot completely eradicate it, and the virus can still be present in certain bodily fluids, such as semen or vaginal fluids. Therefore, it is important for individuals to practice safe sex and use protection to prevent transmission.

Question 4

OT intervention that is delivered to a community,group,or individual with developmentally appropriate content intended to provide information on reducing the risk of HIV infection through safer sex practices and abstinence would best be described as an example of ____________.

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) nonOT prevention

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention refers to interventions that aim to prevent the onset of a health condition or disease. In this case, the OT intervention is providing education and strategies to reduce the risk of HIV infection, which is attempting to prevent the onset of the disease. Additionally, the content is developmentally appropriate, suggesting that it is tailored to the audience to maximize understanding and application of the information.

Question 5

For occupational therapists working with clients who have AIDS,the use of adaptive equipment ______________________.&#10;A) Should always be used to reduce the effort expended during daily living tasks&#10;B) Should never be used because it represents a disabling condition&#10;C) Should be discussed with the family members before introducing the equipment to the client&#10;D) May be rejected by the client as a symbol of diminished abilities

Accepted Answer

The use of adaptive equipment may be rejected by the client as it can be perceived as a symbol of diminished abilities, so it is important to discuss the use of such equipment with the client and involve them in the decision-making process. While adaptive equipment can be beneficial in reducing effort during daily living tasks, it is not always necessary or appropriate to use in every situation. The use of adaptive equipment should not be avoided simply because it represents a disabling condition, and involving family members in the decision-making process may be helpful in some cases, but it should not be a requirement.

Question 6

A 37-year-old man was diagnosed with AIDS five years ago and was prescribed a variety of medications.His physician has recently changed the medication regimen.This man has been referred for an occupational therapy (OT)assessment to establish baseline occupational performance and instruct in energy conservation techniques.You know that clients diagnosed with AIDS may have neurological compromises and other complications secondary to the medications.What potential problems may be seen with this client?

A) Peripheral neuropathy, osteoarthritis, and depression
B) Memory difficulties, anemia, and hepatotoxicity
C) Gastrointestinal problems, pancreatitis, and osteopenia
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Clients with AIDS who are on medications may experience a wide range of complications. Peripheral neuropathy (A) is a common complication that may result in decreased sensation in the hands and feet. Osteoarthritis (A) may develop as a side effect of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is often used to treat AIDS. Depression (A) is also common in clients with AIDS due to the emotional and physical toll of the illness. Memory difficulties (B) may occur as a result of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, which can lead to problems with attention, memory, and processing speed. Anemia (B) can develop as a side effect of ART. Hepatotoxicity (B) may result from some of the medications used to treat AIDS. Gastrointestinal problems (C) are common in clients with HIV, with symptoms ranging from nausea and vomiting to diarrhea and abdominal pain. Pancreatitis (C) is a rare complication of ART. Finally, osteopenia (C) is a common complication of HIV infection and occurs in up to half of clients with AIDS.

Question 7

All of the following statements about HIV/AIDS OT assessment and intervention are true with the exception of the following:&#10;A) Observing universal precautions when working with HIV positive clients is not recommended because it may interfere with therapeutic rapport.&#10;B) OT may need to address the psychosocial aspects of HIV, including loss of friends as a result of the illness.&#10;C) OT may need to address real or perceived discrimination experienced by the client.&#10;D) Most clients with HIV/AIDS have an altered worker role.

Accepted Answer

Observing universal precautions when working with HIV positive clients is essential to prevent the spread of the virus to the therapist and other clients. It does not interfere with therapeutic rapport but rather ensures client and therapist safety.

Question 8

According to the Centers for Disease Control,which is the most common age group diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?&#10;A) Under 15 years of age&#10;B) Between 15 and 24 years old&#10;C) Between 25 and 44 years old&#10;D) Between 45 and 64 years old

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control, the most common age group diagnosed with AIDS is between 25 and 44 years old.

Question 9

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)can be transmitted through all but which of the following means?&#10;A) Unprotected sex with an infected partner&#10;B) Infected blood transfusion&#10;C) Intact skin-to-skin contact with an infected person&#10;D) During the birth process from infected mother to infant

Accepted Answer

HIV cannot pass through intact skin, so skin-to-skin contact with an infected person would not transmit the virus. However, all other options listed can transmit HIV.

Question 10

A 44-year-old man with AIDS has been referred to you for evaluation and intervention.He has been diagnosed with multiple opportunistic infections,including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.While completing the occupational profile,you learn that he is easily fatigued and short of breath during activity.As a result of these deficits,he no longer engages in meaningful occupations in the community.One of your interventions involves providing instruction in energy conservation.This would be an example of which of the following approaches?

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) NonOT prevention

Accepted Answer

Energy conservation is an example of tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing and reducing the impact of an existing disability or health condition. The goal of tertiary prevention is to improve the individual's quality of life and level of functioning. Primary prevention aims to prevent the development of a condition, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent further deterioration. NonOT prevention is not a recognized approach in occupational therapy.

Deck 51: HIV Infection and Aids