Deck 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Gross anatomy refers to the study of

A)cells.
B)structures formed by cells.
C)structures not visible to the unaided eye.
D)structures visible to the unaided eye.
E)nasal secretions.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Because the body has been the same for thousands of years,anatomy is considered a static classification system instead of a dynamic science.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one

A)The muscles of the intestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
B)The walls of blood capillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
C)The muscles of the thigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
D)There are fenestrations (openings)in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
E)The esophageal wall includes a middle layer of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are

A)embryology and parasitology.
B)cytology and histology.
C)comparative anatomy and pathological anatomy.
D)neurobiology and surface anatomy.

Question 5

A scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the surrounding pericardium would be a(n)

A)anatomist.
B)physiologist.
C)pathologist.
D)pulmonologist.

Question 6

When medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit (for example,all the muscles,blood vessels,and nerves of the leg),that approach is called

A)surface anatomy.
B)comparative anatomy.
C)popliteal physiology.
D)regional anatomy.
E)systemic anatomy.

Question 7

The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is

A)anatomy.
B)physiology.
C)astronomy.
D)anthropology.
E)archaeology.

Question 8

Physiologists use chemistry to understand the workings of the body's organ systems.

Question 9

The discipline known as _____________ anatomy examines similarities and differences across species.

Question 10

Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues

A)Histology
B)Cytology
C)Embryology
D)Developmental anatomy
E)Surgical anatomy

Question 11

The discipline that studies the functions of the nervous system,including the way that impulses are conducted,is known as __________.

Question 12

Anatomy is the study of

A)stars.
B)function.
C)sharp tools.
D)structure and form.
E)word histories.

Question 13

Some researchers think pheromones are important tools in human communication.Pheromones are chemical signals that one individual sends to another.What research questions might be asked by anatomists,and what questions might be asked by physiologists,to determine if pheromones are important to humans

Question 14

Cytology is a subdivision of gross anatomy.

Question 15

Respiratory physiology is primarily the study of

A)cell shape within the alveoli of the lungs.
B)the branching pattern of the small airways of the lungs.
C)the tissue composition of the airways,air sacs,and blood vessels.
D)how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.

Question 16

The word "anatomy" comes from

A)Latin and means "to be born."
B)Hebrew and means "shape."
C)Greek and means "to cut apart."
D)German and means "body."
E)Italian and means "form."

Question 17

The anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under

A)pathologic anatomy.
B)systemic anatomy.
C)histology.
D)surgical anatomy.
E)developmental anatomy.

Question 18

The discipline that associates changes in organ system function with disease or injury is known as ____________.

Question 19

The large surface area of the inside of the small intestine means that this structure is

A)well adapted for its physiological role in absorption.
B)derived from an embryological structure that served a different function.
C)anatomically complex but physiologically simple.
D)maladaptive in that it harbors bacteria.

Question 20

______ anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them.

A)Regional
B)Surface
C)Radiographic
D)Surgical
E)Systemic

Question 21

Both anatomists and physiologists are aware that form and function are interrelated.

Question 22

Which of the following statements accurately describes the organization of structures

A)Organs are made up of tissues,which are made up of cells,which are made up of organelles and molecules.
B)Tissues are made up of organs,which are made up of cells,which are made up of individual atoms.
C)Organisms are made up of tissues,which are made up of organ systems,which are made up of DNA.
D)Organ systems are made up of cells,which are made up of tissues,which are made up of organelles.
E)Organs are made up of cells,which are made up of atoms,which are made up of molecules.

Question 23

The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is

A)an organ.
B)an individual.
C)tissue.
D)a cell.
E)a system.

Question 24

Iron atoms help our blood transport oxygen.Describe each level of anatomical structural complexity for an iron atom in your blood,working from the simplest level (atom)to the most complex (organism).

Question 25

The group of metabolic reactions in which smaller molecules are combined to form larger ones is ___________.or
or

Question 26

Homeostasis refers to an organism's ability to regulate its internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 27

The pituitary,thyroid,and adrenal glands are typically grouped within the __________ system.

Question 28

A molecule is made up of a combination of two or more atoms.

Question 29

The category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is known as

A)anabolism.
B)catabolism.
C)synthesis.
D)homeostasis.
E)enzymatic.

Question 30

Which describes the anatomic position

A)Body is upright.
B)Palms are facing forward.
C)Thumbs point away from the body.
D)Feet are flat on the floor.
E)All of these apply.

Question 31

The organ system that transports and filters interstitial fluid while also participating in immune responses is the __________ system.

Question 32

The term that refers to the ability of organisms to react to changes in the environment is

A)responsiveness.
B)reproduction.
C)metabolism.
D)development.
E)organization.

Question 33

At what level of organization is a tooth

A)Tissue level
B)Cell level
C)Organ level
D)System level
E)Atomic level

Question 34

Specialized subunits of cells that are made of macromolecules are called __________.

Question 35

The system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the _____________ system.

A)urinary
B)respiratory
C)cardiovascular
D)endocrine
E)nervous

Question 36

The body system that provides support and protection as well as being a site of blood cell production (hemopoiesis)is the ____________ system.

A)skeletal
B)muscular
C)cardiovascular
D)respiratory
E)lymphatic

Question 37

The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called

A)reproduction.
B)homeostasis.
C)metabolism.
D)responsiveness.
E)development.

Question 38

The mechanism by which the body propels food through the digestive tract is primarily a topic of study for

A)anatomists.
B)physiologists.

Question 39

Which system is responsible for providing protection,regulating body temperature,and being the site of cutaneous receptors

A)Respiratory
B)Muscular
C)Integumentary
D)Urinary
E)Nervous

Question 40

Which level consists of related organs that work to achieve a common function

A)Organ system level
B)Cellular level
C)Tissue level
D)Chemical level
E)Organ level

Question 41

The bones of the vertebral column form a cavity called the

A)nervous system passageway.
B)abdominal cavity.
C)spinal cavity.
D)vertebral canal.

Question 42

A plane that passes through the structure at an angle is called

A)frontal.
B)coronal.
C)oblique.
D)sagittal.
E)transverse.

Question 43

The directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

A)inferior.
B)superior.
C)medial.
D)lateral.
E)caudal.

Question 44

Which best defines "superficial"

A)On the inside
B)On the outside
C)Toward the end of an appendage
D)Close to the attachment of the appendage to the trunk
E)At the head end

Question 45

What is the anatomic term for the foot
Rev: 10_30_2012

A)Pubic
B)Patellar
C)Ped
D)Popliteal
E)Acromial

Question 46

The best term for referring to the rear or "tail end" is

A)caudal.
B)cephalic.
C)inferior.
D)superior.
E)lateral.

Question 47

The primary function of serous fluid appears to be

A)to serve as a lubricant.
B)to provide a stabilizing force.
C)to insulate.
D)to store energy.
E)to provide an attachment surface.

Question 48

The directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is

A)posterior.
B)caudal.
C)cephalic.
D)anterior.
E)proximal.

Question 49

In the anatomic position,the specimen rests horizontally on the examination table and the arms are extended away from the torso.

Question 50

The head,neck,and trunk make up the ______ region of the body.

A)appendicular
B)axial
C)cephalic
D)caudal
E)thoracic

Question 51

The directional term that means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk" is

A)distal.
B)proximal.
C)medial.
D)cephalic.
E)dorsal.

Question 52

The anatomic term for the cheek is

A)buccal.
B)pelvic.
C)cervical.
D)crural.
E)sacral.

Question 53

Which anatomical term describes the wrist region

A)Tarsal
B)Carpal
C)Digital
D)Olecranal
E)Perineal

Question 54

The cranial cavity houses the

A)eyeball.
B)ear canals.
C)brain.
D)spinal cord.
E)nasal structures.

Question 55

Describe the positions of the thumbs and the palms of the hands in the anatomic position.

Question 56

A(n)_______ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

A)transverse
B)oblique
C)sagittal
D)coronal
E)frontal

Question 57

With the subject in the anatomic position,one can best see the dorsum of the manus from a(n)______ view.

A)lateral
B)superior
C)inferior
D)posterior
E)anterior

Question 58

The popliteal region is best seen from a(n)________ view.

A)anterior
B)lateral
C)superior
D)inferior
E)posterior

Question 59

The axillary region is ______ to the pectoral region.

A)lateral
B)medial
C)distal
D)proximal
E)inferior

Question 60

The word _____ implies an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.

A)section
B)plane
C)direction
D)tangent
E)figure

Question 61

"Pollex" refers to the

A)eyebrow.
B)thumb.
C)great toe.
D)little finger.
E)kneecap.

Question 62

The pleural cavity is the

A)same as the mediastinum.
B)the serous membrane lining the abdomen.
C)space within which the heart sits.
D)potential space between the two serous membranes surrounding a lung.

Question 63

Of the nine abdominopelvic regions,the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the

A)lumbar.
B)umbilical.
C)epigastric.
D)hypogastric.
E)hypochondriac.

Question 64

The mediastinum is within the ventral cavity.

Question 65

A professional fighter hit in the mental region might have damage to the

A)jaw.
B)ear.
C)nose.
D)knee.
E)shoulder.

Question 66

The anatomic term for the calf is

A)crural.
B)popliteal.
C)tarsal.
D)carpal.
E)sural.

Question 67

Which abdominopelvic regions have both a right and a left side

A)Only the lumbar and iliac
B)Only the hypogastric and hypochondriac
C)The hypochondriac,lumbar,and hypogastric
D)Only the iliac and hypochondriac
E)The lumbar,iliac,and hypochondriac

Question 68

Explain the spatial relationship between the following: thoracic cavity,pericardial cavity,ventral cavity,mediastinum.

Question 69

Lateral to the umbilical abdominopelvic region are the _____ regions.

A)hypochondriac
B)iliac
C)hypogastric
D)epigastric
E)lumbar

Question 70

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region

A)Hypogastric
B)Right lumbar
C)Hypochondriac
D)Left iliac
E)Left lumbar

Question 71

The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located

A)inside the heart's chambers.
B)between the parietal pericardium and the sternum.
C)in the pericardial cavity,between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers.
D)between the visceral pericardium and the cardiac muscle.

Question 72

Which serous membrane covers the surface of an organ

A)The parietal layer
B)The visceral layer
C)The muscle layer
D)The dorsal layer
E)The ventral layer

Question 73

The moist,two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the

A)peritoneum.
B)diaphragm.
C)synovium.
D)pleura.
E)pericardium.

Question 74

An inguinal hernia is in the region of the

A)umbilicus.
B)groin.
C)calf.
D)thigh.
E)shoulder.

Question 75

The term "hallux" refers to the

A)little finger.
B)thumb.
C)great toe.
D)lateral-most toe.
E)middle digit.

Question 76

With a specimen in the anatomic position,you can best see the mediastinum with a _____ view.

A)midsagittal
B)superior
C)inferior
D)frontal
E)posterior

Question 77

What is the anatomic term for the hip region

A)Sternal
B)Coxal
C)Dorsal
D)Crural
E)Sural

Question 78

The median space in the thoracic cavity is called the

A)pleural cavity.
B)pericardial cavity.
C)mediastinum.
D)peritoneal cavity.
E)hypochondriac space.

Question 79

The limbs of the body are attached to the axis and make up the

A)abdominal region.
B)thoracic region.
C)axial region.
D)appendicular region.
E)antebrachial region.

Question 80

The pericardium is a two-layered serous membrane that

A)encloses the heart.
B)encloses the kidney.
C)encloses a lung.
D)provides lubrication for the knee.
E)covers the small intestine.