Deck 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

Question 1

A 2010 analysis of drug-related deaths conducted by the CDC indicates that __________ is responsible for more than half of drug overdose deaths.

A)heroin
B)pharmaceutical drugs
C)marijuana
D)None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The DSM-V does not define addiction as such,but has diagnostic criteria for

A)habituation.
B)substance use disorders.
C)chronic intoxication.
D)drug-associated bipolar disorder.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Brain scan studies with drug users

A)can show which people have developed dependence and which have not.
B)can predict which people will later develop dependence.
C)so far can only show changes in response to drug administration.
D)are very strong predictors of alcohol use,but not for other substances.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine,it is important to take into account

A)the user's gender.
B)availability and price.
C)urban vs.rural environment.
D)that many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.

Question 5

Since the 1990s,HIV transmission rates among intravenous drug users have been reduced from about 50% to about 10%.According to the text,which of these factors led to this decrease?

A)syringe exchange programs
B)sexual abstinence education
C)increased Narcotics Anonymous attendance
D)decreased use of hormonal contraceptives

Question 6

When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect,this is called

A)acute toxicity.
B)dependence.
C)vaccination.
D)tolerance.

Question 7

Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?

A)high blood pressure from smoking
B)amotivational syndrome
C)paranoia from methamphetamine use
D)respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose

Question 8

The occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome is evidence of

A)physical dependence.
B)chronic behavioral disorder.
C)an antigen-antibody reaction.
D)craving.

Question 9

According to recent DAWN data,which of these substances is near the top of the emergency room visits list?

A)alcohol-in-combination
B)marijuana
C)methamphetamine
D)ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 10

dependence are generally also found to have

A)stimulant effects.
B)pain-relieving effects.
C)sedative effects.
D)reinforcing effects in laboratory animals.

Question 11

Acute drug effects are those that

A)are dangerous.
B)are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body.
C)are unrelated to dose.
D)last more than a day.

Question 12

Which of these substances has the highest lifetime estimate of dependence?

A)LSD
B)marijuana
C)alcohol
D)nicotine

Question 13

The U.S.government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off" approach to government that has been referred to by the term

A)crime.
B)laissez-faire.
C)toxicity.
D)trends.

Question 14

As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research,the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be

A)psychological dependence,based on reinforcement.
B)physical dependence,caused by tolerance.
C)an allergic reaction to the substance.
D)unmet psychological needs in early childhood.

Question 15

The Drug Abuse Warning Network

A)is a system of free public-service announcements.
B)is a voluntary organization for teachers and police officers.
C)monitors drug-related medical emergencies.
D)monitors arrest rates for various drug-law violations.

Question 16

Those who are diagnosed with a personality disorder,such as antisocial personality disorder,

A)have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B)are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C)are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D)are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.

Question 17

What is a Drug Recognition Expert?

A)A physician trained to recognize a variety of medications
B)A police officer trained to recognize drug-related behavioral impairments
C)A teacher trained to recognize the scent of burning marijuana
D)None of the above

Question 18

DAWN data provides all of the following EXCEPT

A)information about which drugs are associated with the greatest number of ER visits.
B)clear measures of the toxicity of individual drugs.
C)data regarding problems associated with alcohol-in-combination.
D)general information about trends in drug-related ER visits.

Question 19

The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S.laws regulating what we now call controlled substances.Which of these was NOT one of the three?

A)high profits for drug sellers
B)toxicity
C)dependence
D)association of drug use with crime

Question 20

When using a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents,this is called

A)behavioral tolerance.
B)drug misuse.
C)behavioral toxicity.
D)laissez-faire.

Question 21

The term "laissez-faire" refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems.

Question 22

In an annual study done by the U.S.Justice Department,people arrested for various crimes are given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs.In 2012,about ____ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

A)100
B)between 60 and 80
C)0
D)between 10 and 30

Question 23

Physical dependence is often defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.

Question 24

Describe several ways in which people have thought that drug use might be a cause of criminal behavior.

Question 25

according to the number of mentions in the 2009 DAWN emergency department dataset.

A)Cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids,antidepressants
B)Cocaine,prescription opioids,heroin,antidepressants
C)Alcohol-in-combination,cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids
D)Alcohol-in-combination,prescription opioids,heroin,cocaine

Question 26

About how many arrests are made in the U.S.each year for drug-law violations?

A)1,500,000
B)200,000
C)50,000
D)5,000

Question 27

One important factor that led Congress to adopt the first laws regulating what we now call controlled substances was the association of drug use with crime.

Question 28

Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.

Question 29

The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.

Question 30

The DAWN system tells us exactly how many ER visits are caused by a specific drug each year.

Question 31

Using survey data,discuss the relative toxicity of alcohol and cocaine.

Question 32

Discuss the relative dependence liability of different drugs.

Question 33

Our best estimate is that tobacco cigarettes are associated with over 400,000 deaths per year.

Question 34

In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals,it is important to remember that

A)there is no relationship between crime and illicit drug use.
B)most illicit drugs cause damage to the areas of the brain responsible for understanding right from wrong.
C)longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behavior usually occur before the first use of any illicit drug.
D)consistent personality changes are likely with even a few exposures to heroin or cocaine.

Question 35

In 2009,methamphetamine was the most frequently cited drug associated with emergency-room visits.

Question 36

Explain the difference between physical dependence on a drug and psychological dependence on a drug.

Question 37

The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated use.

Question 38

Which of the following drugs has been clearly linked to crimes and violence?

A)alcohol
B)heroin
C)marijuana
D)cocaine

Question 39

Recent brain imaging data indicates that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological abnormality.