Deck 5: The Actions of Drugs

Question 1

The group of psychoactive drugs called stimulants includes

A)cocaine.
B)Prozac.
C)LSD.
D)heroin.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Concussions and cerebral infections can decrease the effectiveness of

A)drug metabolism.
B)the blood-brain barrier.
C)protein binding.
D)multiple drug doses.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The threshold on a dose-response curve is the

A)point at which the dose of the drug causes maximal response.
B)lowest dose at which there is an observable effect of the drug.
C)safe effective dose of the drug.
D)therapeutic index of the drug.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

With increasing doses of any useful drug,there is usually an increase in the number and severity of

A)side effects.
B)beneficial effects.
C)placebo effects.
D)effects on the stomach.

Question 5

Most of our drugs originally came either directly or indirectly from

A)South America.
B)plants.
C)petroleum.
D)German chemists.

Question 6

After oral administration,most absorption of the drug molecules takes place in the

A)small intestine.
B)kidneys.
C)heart.
D)lower bowel.

Question 7

,and coma to illustrate

A)how different drugs have different effects.
B)that different drug-related effects can have different thresholds.
C)the placebo effect.
D)the grapefruit-juice effect.

Question 8

Regardless of the route of administration,psychoactive drugs reach the brain tissue by way of the

A)meninges.
B)spinal cord.
C)bloodstream.
D)liver.

Question 9

The safety margin for a particular drug is based on the idea that

A)toxic doses will typically be larger than therapeutic doses.
B)most drugs cause toxicity problems only when combined with other drugs.
C)we need to determine an LD50 using human volunteers.
D)we should only prescribe drugs that are not toxic even at high doses.

Question 10

If you want to get very high concentrations of cocaine to the brain very rapidly,which route of administration would you probably use?

A)oral
B)subcutaneous
C)topical
D)intravenous

Question 11

The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911,is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact?

A)Drug laws only apply to those outside of law enforcement.
B)Marijuana produces paranoia in the majority of users.
C)The oral route of administration produces the fastest onset of effects.
D)Different routes of administration can producing markedly different drug effects.

Question 12

The potency of a drug is defined in terms of

A)the magnitude of the effect it produces.
B)its dependence potential.
C)whether it has a detectible odor.
D)the amount required to produce an effect.

Question 13

Of the following routes of administration,which will produce fastest onset of effects?

A)inhalation.
B)intramuscular injection.
C)using a rectal suppository.
D)rubbing it on the head.

Question 14

Which of these is given its own classification category,due to its complex effects at different doses?

A)cocaine
B)marijuana
C)Abilify
D)caffeine

Question 15

The time course of a drug's action depends on

A)how the drug is administered.
B)how rapidly the drug is absorbed.
C)how the drug is eliminated from the body.
D)all of the above.

Question 16

Most drugs have three different kinds of names.Which of them belongs to a specific manufacturer?

A)chemical name
B)generic name
C)brand name
D)research name

Question 17

Alcohol has a low tendency,but THC has a high tendency,to

A)bind to the serotonin receptor.
B)dissolve in water.
C)bind to blood proteins.
D)produce dependence.

Question 18

The blood-brain barrier

A)is fully developed in humans when they are born.
B)is designed to allow all drug compounds into the brain.
C)cannot be penetrated,even with trauma to the brain.
D)prevents many drugs from entering the brain.

Question 19

Nonspecific effects of taking a drug are those that do not depend on its chemical activity.They are sometimes referred to as

A)placebo effects.
B)ataxia.
C)side effects.
D)dose-response effects.

Question 20

Some drugs may act on all types of neurons by

A)blocking all receptor types.
B)interfering with metabolism.
C)preventing absorption of nutrients.
D)altering the electrical potential across the cell membrane.

Question 21

There are many different routes by which drugs can be administered.Describe the pros and cons of the oral route versus the intravenous route.

Question 22

Because the effects of stimulants and depressants counteract each other,taking these drugs in combination does not produce intoxication.

Question 23

Explain why an experienced heroin user would most likely choose to smoke or inject the drug rather then taking it orally.Then explain why inexperienced users should initially be discouraged from these routes of administration.

Question 24

The most common way for drug molecules to be deactivated is by

A)CYP450 enzymes in the liver.
B)protein binding.
C)elimination through the bowel.
D)reuptake.

Question 25

When use of a drug interferes with normal behavior,experienced users may learn to compensate and show less impairment than new users.This is an example of

A)drug disposition tolerance.
B)behavioral tolerance.
C)an active metabolite.
D)a prodrug.

Question 26

What kind of name is Provigil (an alerting drug)?

A)chemical name
B)generic name
C)brand name
D)none of the above

Question 27

In some cases,repeated use of a drug leads to pharmacodynamic tolerance,which is based on

A)altered liver function.
B)learning.
C)reduced sensitivity of neurons.
D)slower metabolism.

Question 28

Marijuana and heroin are both considered to be opioid drugs.

Question 29

A drug's generic name can only be used by one company.

Question 30

According to the text,inexperienced drug users should avoid taking a drug via a route that increases the drug's potency.

Question 31

What is the placebo effect? Describe some research techniques that have been developed to separate specific drug effects from placebo effects.

Question 32

Which of the following would be a reason for a drug company NOT to pursue expensive clinical trails with a new drug?

A)The drug produces no side effects.
B)The drug produces side effects.
C)The therapeutic index is greater than 1.
D)The therapeutic index is less than 1.

Question 33

Describe three factors that can influence the time course of the behavioral effect of a drug,and show that you understand how each factor influences the time course.

Question 34

Most psychoactive drugs taken orally go directly from the stomach to the brain.

Question 35

If repeated exposure to a drug increases the activity of the CYP450 enzyme that is responsible for metabolizing that drug,then later doses will be less effective than the first few doses.This is an example of

A)drug disposition tolerance.
B)behavioral tolerance.
C)an active metabolite.
D)a prodrug.

Question 36

For most therapeutic effects,there is a maximum effect,and increasing the dose more just increases the number and type of side effects.

Question 37

Describe three mechanisms that might explain why an alcohol-dependent individual might have to take more of the drug to experience the same effects.

Question 38

Caffeine and cocaine are both considered to be stimulant drugs.

Question 39

For many psychoactive drugs,such as nicotine and cocaine,the fastest way to get an effect is by inhaling the drug's vapors.