Deck 6: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

An acrosome is chemical reservoir,Located in the tail of the sperm.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which term describes the process by which sperm are propelled up the fallopian tube?

A)Flagellation
B)Diffusion
C)Endocytosis
D)Haemodialysis

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which statement describes the hyaluronidase?

A)The newly-fertilized egg.
B)A protective layer surrounding the egg.
C)An enzyme secreted by sperm.
D)The inner lining of the uterus.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of ovulation for a woman maintaining a basal body temperature chart?

A)A sharp rise in body temperature the day after it occurs
B)A sharp fall in body temperature the day after it occurs
C)A fall in body temperature maintained all through the week of ovulation
D)A constant temperature maintained both on and after the day of ovulation

Question 5

In 2014-15,70 percent of Canadian women with a vaginal delivery received an epidural.

Question 6

Considering the lifespan and fertility of the average sperm and egg when would the optimal time for sexual intercourse be in order for the woman to conceive?

A)One week before ovulation.
B)One to two days before ovulation.
C)Five days after ovulation.
D)One week after ovulation.

Question 7

What secretes hyaluronidase,the enzyme that helps the sperm penetrate the egg?

A)Acrosome
B)Cilium
C)Bartholin gland
D)Skene's gland

Question 8

Despite the importance of parent - infant bonding,NO hospital in Canada has policies to ensure that the baby stays with the parents immediately after the birth or even for an unlimited amount of time.

Question 9

Which part of the embryo differentiates into the nervous system and the skin?

A)Mesoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Periderm

Question 10

Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA)and phthalates,chemicals found in most everyday products containing plastics,is associated with a 20 percent decline in male fecundity.

Question 11

Which term describes the conceptus from eight weeks until birth?

A)Fetus
B)Zygote
C)Gamete
D)Spermatid

Question 12

A woman may continue to experience some cyclic bleeding or spotting during pregnancy.

Question 13

Conception typically occurs in the outer third of the _____.

A)ovary
B)fallopian tube
C)vas deferens
D)amniotic sac

Question 14

Stephanie is 28 years old and wants to have a baby.Which of the following would improve her chances of conceiving?

A)She should straddle her partner during sex and avoid the missionary position.
B)She should lie on her back after sex,with her legs pulled up and a pillow under her hips.
C)She should douche herself with an acidic solution immediately after sexual intercourse.
D)She should use lubricants or suppositories to aid sexual arousal and facilitate penetration.

Question 15

Pseudocyesis is the medical term used to describe the event when a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus.

Question 16

Effacement occurs in the second stage of labour.

Question 17

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is an umbrella term covering all outcomes associated with any amount of alcohol exposure in utero.

Question 18

The energy used by sperm to move up the fallopian tube is stored in the _____ of the sperm's midpiece.

A)cilia
B)mitochondria
C)follicles
D)epidermis

Question 19

Which of the following describes sperm?

A)Sperm are the largest cells in the human body.
B)The acidity of the vagina nourishes sperm.
C)A typical ejaculate contains 10 to 15 sperm.
D)Sperm are manufactured in the seminiferous tubules.

Question 20

The egg is surrounded by a thin,gelatinous layer called the _____ which,when dissolved,allows the sperm to penetrate the egg.

A)epidermis
B)acrosome
C)zona pellucida
D)hyaluronidase

Question 21

Which of the following is TRUE of menstruation?

A)A missed menstrual period is an infallible indicator of pregnancy.
B)A heavier menstrual flow is a common symptom of pregnancy.
C)Depression,anxiety,or sickness can account for a missed period.
D)Most women menstruate through the first trimester of their pregnancy.

Question 22

Which description outlines the physical changes in a woman's body during pregnancy?

A)The development of mammary glands causes the breast's areola to lighten and narrow.
B)The placenta causes a large decrease in the levels of estrogen and progesterone produced.
C)The increase in hormonal levels leads to a corresponding decrease in vaginal secretions.
D)The increase in progesterone levels often leads to feelings of fatigue in pregnant women.

Question 23

Nägele's rule is used to determine:

A)whether a pregnancy is normal or ectopic.
B)whether the cervix has dilated sufficiently.
C)a woman's expected date of delivery.
D)the bodyweight of the fetus.

Question 24

Which of the following is TRUE of pregnancy tests?

A)The most common pregnancy test is based on detecting hCG in a woman's urine.
B)The later it is done,the more difficult it is for laboratory tests to detect pregnancy.
C)Laboratory tests produce more false negatives than home pregnancy tests.
D)Most over-the-counter pregnancy tests can detect ectopic pregnancies.

Question 25

What function does amniotic fluid perform?

A)It facilitates conception during ovulation.
B)It helps sperm dissolve the zona pellucida.
C)It propels eggs through the fallopian tubes.
D)It maintains the fetus at a constant temperature.

Question 26

Megan is pregnant and wants to know her expected delivery date.The date of the first day of her last menstrual period was February 10,2010.According to Nägele's rule,Megan can be expected to deliver her baby on:

A)November 1,2010.
B)November 1,2011.
C)November 10,2011.
D)November 17,2010.

Question 27

In a normal pregnancy,the fetus turns in the uterus to assume a head-down position during which month?

A)First
B)Third
C)Fourth
D)Seventh

Question 28

What is the mass of tissue lying beside the fetus that allows nutrients and oxygen to pass from the mother's blood to the baby's blood?

A)periderm
B)zona pellucida
C)corpora cavernosa
D)placenta

Question 29

In a first pregnancy,around two to four weeks before delivery,the baby turns and its head drops into the pelvis.This phenomenon is known as lightening,dropping,or _____.

A)hydrocephaly
B)couvade
C)engagement
D)differentiation

Question 30

The most reliable method of gender selection is preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).This technique involves:

A)transferring the embryo from the uterus of one woman to that of another.
B)the analysis of the chromosomal makeup of embryos fertilized via IVF.
C)using obstetric ultrasonography to determine the sex of the fetus.
D)percutaneous blood sampling of the umbilical cord.

Question 31

Which statement describes morning sickness?

A)Manifests itself only during the third trimester of a woman's pregnancy.
B)Is defined as nausea that occurs only before noon in pregnant women.
C)Evidence links the incidence of morning sickness with a lower risk of miscarriage.
D)Over 90% of pregnant women experience it throughout their pregnancy.

Question 32

Trudy is halfway through her pregnancy and has noticed that her nipples have begun to secrete a thin amber fluid.What is this fluid?

A)amnion
B)hyaluronidase
C)colostrum
D)chorion

Question 33

Which of the following describes the amniotic fluid?

A)It is an alkaline enzyme secreted by sperm.
B)It protects the fetus from possible injury.
C)It facilitates conception during ovulation.
D)It holds the fetus rigidly in one place.

Question 34

The umbilical cord does which of the following?

A)It is formed after embryonic development is completed.
B)It is attached to the placenta and provides the fetus with nutrients.
C)It connects the woman's navel with that of the fetus's.
D)It differentiates into the digestive and respiratory system of the fetus.

Question 35

Which part of an embryo differentiates into the muscles,skeleton,connective tissues,and circulatory and reproductive systems?

A)Mesoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Periderm

Question 36

What results from increased water retention throughout the body and is a physical problem women face during their second trimester.

A)Catamenia
B)Edema
C)Menorrhagia
D)Hypermenorrhoea

Question 37

Which of the following is true of Braxton-Hicks contractions?

A)They are experienced only during labour.
B)They strengthen the uterine muscles.
C)They are excruciatingly painful.
D)They occur only during the first trimester.

Question 38

Which statement describes the placenta's functions?

A)It produces large quantities of estrogen and progesterone.
B)It acts as a barrier against all sexually transmitted diseases.
C)It helps sperm fertilize eggs by dissolving the zona pellucida.
D)It halts the production of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 39

Which part of an embryo differentiates into the digestive system and the respiratory system?

A)Mesoderm
B)Ectoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Periderm

Question 40

Amenorrhea is a _____ sign of pregnancy.

A)presumptive
B)probable
C)positive
D)negative

Question 41

The stage of labour where the baby's head begins to move into the birth canal is:

A)called the launching pad stage.
B)the beginning of first-stage labour.
C)the beginning of second-stage labour.
D)the beginning of third-stage labour.

Question 42

Which sexual position is recommended for a woman during the late stages of her pregnancy because it puts minimum pressure on her abdomen?

A)Missionary
B)Woman-on-top
C)Rear entry
D)Side-to-side

Question 43

Canadians Joan and John are expecting their first baby.According to statistics what are the chances their child will be born with a birth defect or anomaly?

A)4 to 5 percent
B)8 to 10 percent
C)12 to 18 percent
D)20 percent

Question 44

Which of the following describes the couvade syndrome?

A)Women experiencing it tend to have high levels of testosterone postnatally.
B)Men experiencing it tend to have high levels of testosterone postnatally.
C)Men experiencing it tend to have high levels of prolactin prenatally.
D)Women experiencing it tend to have low levels of prolactin prenatally.

Question 45

Which of the following is TRUE of diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A)It has been found to be beneficial to the fetus when taken regularly throughout a woman's pregnancy.
B)It is currently an approved "morning-after" pill for women who have had unprotected intercourse.
C)It has been shown to have little or no effect upon the developing fetus when taken in high doses.
D)It has been shown to cause cancer of the vagina in girls whose mothers took the drug while pregnant.

Question 46

Which of the following describes an episiotomy?

A)It involves making a slit in the perineum.
B)It is usually conducted before the first stage of labour.
C)It is a necessary procedure for all pregnant women.
D)It refers to the clamping of the umbilical cord.

Question 47

Millie is in labour and at the hospital.According to her doctor,she is in the "transition phase." In this case,which of the following is likely to be TRUE?

A)Her placenta has been expelled from her body.
B)Her contractions have not yet begun.
C)Her contractions are 45 seconds to a minute apart.
D)Her cervix has dilated from 8 to 10 centimeters.

Question 48

What happens during third-stage labour?

A)The baby's head emerges from the birth canal.
B)The cervix continues to dilate.
C)The placenta and fetal membranes are expelled.
D)The incidence of contractions typically ceases.

Question 49

Which of the following is recommended for a pregnant woman's diet?

A)The woman should lower her intake of iron during the first trimester.
B)The woman should avoid calcium-rich food throughout her pregnancy.
C)The woman should ensure that her diet contains sufficient folic acid.
D)The woman should raise her intake of artificially sweetened soft-drinks.

Question 50

Which statement describes the calcium intake for pregnant woman?

A)Calcium-rich diets have been found to lead to high blood pressure in pregnant women.
B)Deficiencies in calcium have been found to reduce the risk of developing eclampsia.
C)Deficiencies in calcium have been linked with preterm births and low blood pressure.
D)Uterine ligament cramps indicate that a pregnant woman's diet contains sufficient calcium.

Question 51

Which of the following is TRUE of the stages of labour?

A)Progesterone is often administered to pregnant women to induce uterine contractions.
B)A small vaginal discharge of bloody mucus is considered abnormal before labour.
C)The Braxton-Hicks contractions typically occur at regular intervals after labour.
D)The rupturing of the amniotic sac generally signifies the end of the first stage of labour.

Question 52

Which of the following is TRUE of a pregnant woman's folic acid intake?

A)The presence of folic acid in a woman's diet has no effect on her fetus.
B)Symptoms of folic acid deficiency include fatigue and anemia.
C)Folic acid impedes growth in the developing fetus.
D)She should ensure that her intake of folic acid is low.

Question 53

Which of the following is TRUE of the intake of alcohol during pregnancy?

A)Even a modest intake of alcohol by a pregnant woman can harm the fetus.
B)The consumption of alcohol has no impact on the intelligence of the fetus.
C)Alcohol cannot affect a fetus because its nervous system is distinct from its mother's.
D)The inclusion of alcohol in a woman's diet has been found to be beneficial to the fetus.

Question 54

A hormonal condition in males that causes them to mimic the symptoms of pregnancy in females is referred to as _____.

A)pseudocyesis
B)couvade syndrome
C)false pregnancy
D)paternity pains

Question 55

Which description relates to drugs during pregnancy?

A)The long-term use of antibiotics by pregnant women may cause damage to the fetus.
B)All drugs consumed by pregnant women can pass through the placental barrier.
C)Drugs cannot affect a fetus because its nervous system is distinct from its mother's.
D)The inclusion of Accutane in a woman's diet has been found to be beneficial to the fetus.

Question 56

An episiotomy is most likely to be performed when _____ occurs.

A)engagement
B)crowning
C)quickening
D)lightening

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE of the use of cocaine during pregnancy?

A)The use of cocaine during pregnancy is associated with the risk of a delayed birth.
B)Infants exposed to cocaine are more likely to have a larger head circumference.
C)Infants exposed to cocaine in utero display central nervous system anomalies.
D)Research has found no link between a fetus's exposure to cocaine and retardation.

Question 58

Amanda wants an amniocentesis done.Her doctor told her it should be performed during which week(s)of pregnancy?

A)During the 8^thweek of pregnancy.
B)Between the 10^thand 12^thweeks of pregnancy.
C)Between the 13^thand 16^thweeks of pregnancy.
D)During the 17^thand 19^thweek of pregnancy.

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE of nutrition for a pregnant woman?

A)Her intake of folic acid has no effect on the fetus.
B)She should ensure that her calcium levels are low.
C)She should ensure that her diet is rich in iron.
D)Her diet should be free of magnesium.

Question 60

The first stage of labour begins when:

A)regular uterine contractions begin.
B)the cervix is fully dilated.
C)the baby's head "crowns."
D)the placenta is expelled from the woman's body.

Question 61

Which of the following is TRUE of postpartum blues?

A)It is characterized by mood swings that last roughly two weeks.
B)It is more severe and lasts longer than postpartum depression.
C)It usually begins two to three months after giving birth.
D)It involves prolonged delusions and frequent hallucinations.

Question 62

Which of the following is the most severe of the postpartum psychiatric disorders?

A)Postpartum psychosis
B)Postpartum depression
C)Postpartum blues
D)Postpartum dyskinesia

Question 63

Which of the following is TRUE of the use of anesthetics in childbirth?

A)If administered early in labour,anesthetics may inhibit uterine contractions and prolong labour.
B)Research shows that high doses of epidural anesthetics have no negative effects on the infant.
C)Anesthetics in the mother's bloodstream cannot pass through the placenta to the infant.
D)Anesthetics help the mother push the baby out of her body more effectively.

Question 64

Which of the following is the mildest of the postpartum psychiatric disorders?

A)Postpartum psychosis
B)Postpartum depression
C)Postpartum blues
D)Postpartum dyskinesia

Question 65

How long does the Public Health Agency of Canada recommend that babies be fed breast milk exclusively?

A)First three months.
B)First six months.
C)First nine months.
D)First 12 months.

Question 66

What is oxytocin?

A)Oxytocin is secreted by the thyroid gland.
B)Oxytocin stimulates the breasts to eject milk.
C)Oxytocin levels drop sharply in the weeks following delivery.
D)Oxytocin inhibits the production of breast milk.

Question 67

In most ectopic pregnancies,where is the fertilized egg implanted?

A)the fallopian tube
B)the vagina
C)Tyson's gland
D)Cowper's gland

Question 68

What is prolactin?

A)Prolactin inhibits the production of breast milk.
B)Prolactin is secreted by the thyroid gland.
C)Prolactin levels drop sharply in the weeks following delivery.
D)Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk.

Question 69

What is a "pudendal block"?

A)A topical anesthetic administered to the abdomen of the woman.
B)An anesthetic which numbs the woman from the waist down.
C)An anesthetic which numbs only the external genitals of the woman.
D)A barbiturate used to put a woman to sleep during a C-section.

Question 70

Which of the following is TRUE of breastfeeding?

A)Breastfeeding increases the risk of obesity and retardation in infants.
B)Breastfeeding reduces the likelihood of pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation.
C)Women on cocaine can breastfeed infants without harming them.
D)Women receive few physical or psychological health benefits from breastfeeding.

Question 71

Which of the following functions does a spinal anesthetic perform?

A)It numbs only the external genitals of the woman.
B)It numbs only the woman's abdomen.
C)It is used to put a woman to sleep during a C-section.
D)It numbs the woman from her waist down.

Question 72

How is a Caesarean section performed?

A)By making a slit in the perineum which is stitched up after the baby is born.
B)By widening the vagina with dilators to facilitate the passage of birth.
C)By making an incision through the abdomen and then through the wall of the uterus.
D)By making slits on either side of the vagina,without disturbing the perineum.

Question 73

In cloning:

A)no sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is genetically identical to the donor.
B)sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is genetically identical to the donor.
C)sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is not genetically identical to either parent.
D)no sperm is necessary and the resulting individual is not genetically identical to either parent.

Question 74

Which of the following is TRUE of Caesarean sections (C-sections)?

A)A C-section is performed by making an incision in the perineum.
B)A C-section is required in case the umbilical cord prolapses.
C)A woman who has undergone a C-section can never have a vaginal birth.
D)A woman who has undergone a C-section can never conceive again.

Question 75

Which of the following occurs when the placenta is expelled from a woman's body?

A)The level of estrogen in her body rises.
B)The level of estrogen in her body drops.
C)The level of progesterone in her body rises.
D)There are no changes in the hormonal levels in her body.

Question 76

A woman having her first baby is known as a _____.

A)primipara
B)doula
C)couvade
D)conceptus

Question 77

Which of the following describes tubal pregnancies?

A)Tubal pregnancies can be detected early easily.
B)Tubal pregnancies pose no health risks for pregnant women or the fetuses.
C)Tubal pregnancies occur when the egg is implanted in the seminiferous tubules.
D)Tubal pregnancies may lead to spontaneous abortions.

Question 78

In her Lamaze class,Chloe was taught a technique which involved lightly stroking her abdomen with her fingertips in a circular motion.This technique is called _____.

A)petrissage
B)tapotement
C)effleurage
D)effacement

Question 79

Which statement describes postpartum psychosis?

A)It is the least severe of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.
B)Its symptoms include hallucinations and delusions.
C)It typically lasts for two to three days after delivery.
D)It is the most common of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.

Question 80

Which of the following is TRUE of postpartum psychiatric disorders?

A)Postpartum blues are characterized by frequent and prolonged delusions.
B)Postpartum psychosis is the least severe of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.
C)Postpartum depression is more severe than postpartum psychosis.
D)Postpartum psychosis is the rarest of the postpartum psychiatric disorders.