Deck 4: The Science of Nutrition in Energy Balance, Body Composition,Weight Control,and Fitness

Question 1

Weight change can be calculated by taking a person's Calorie difference from intake verses expenditure and dividing the difference by 3,500.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Clinical trials are a type of population study design.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Logging physical activity is useful for monitoring the impact of exercise on one's fitness and health.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Resistive exercise targets the cardiovascular system.

Question 5

A scientific theory is accepted as scientific fact.

Question 6

As the intensity of an aerobic exercise increases,so does the working heart rate.

Question 7

As fat mass increases in an obese person,fat cell hypertrophy and fat cell hyperplasia occur.

Question 8

The state of energy balance is determined by subtracting the Calories expended from the Calories consumed.

Question 9

The FIT classification for fitness is based on the frequency,intensity,and duration of weekly aerobic exercise.

Question 10

Science is enduring because scientists continue to ask questions and test by conducting experiments.

Question 11

The Mifflin-St.Jeor equation is used to determine a person's resting energy expenditure (REE).

Question 12

Positive energy balance is associated with weight loss.

Question 13

The citric acid cycle is a critical part of the pathways needed to produce ATP.

Question 14

Recovery nutrition should begin two hours after exercise.

Question 15

The three goals for carbohydrate management for exercise performance include blood sugar stability and liver and muscle glycogen repletion.

Question 16

Aerobic exercise targets the skeletal-muscular system.

Question 17

Energy balance is maintained when the Calories consumed equal the Calories expended.

Question 18

Lifting at 80% of one's 1-rep-max increases muscular endurance.

Question 19

Protein needs for a collegiate athlete are met by the adult DRI for protein.

Question 20

The resting energy expenditure (REE)is a metabolic rate averaged over 24 hours.

Question 21

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.A genetic make-up that influences disease susceptibility
B.An increase in cell number
C.A disease epidemic that began in the 20th century
D.Clinical trial
Scientific design

Question 22

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.A genetic make-up that influences disease susceptibility
B.An increase in cell number
C.A disease epidemic that began in the 20th century
D.Clinical trial
Obesity

Question 23

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Three percent of body weight
B.Twelve percent of body weight
C.Four percent of body weight
D.3,500 Calories per pound
Mineral mass
Answers:

Question 24

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Percent body fat
B.Seventy percent water by weight
C.Skin-fold calipers
D.Sixty percent of body weight
Average percent body water

Question 25

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Percent body fat
B.Seventy percent water by weight
C.Skin-fold calipers
D.Sixty percent of body weight
Lean body mass

Question 26

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Percent body fat
B.Seventy percent water by weight
C.Skin-fold calipers
D.Sixty percent of body weight
Body composition

Question 27

A person trying to gain lean body mass has:

A)increased fluid needs.
B)decreased fat needs.
C)altered fitness needs.
D)increased protein and strength training needs.
E)decreased electrolyte needs.

Question 28

Which of the following reflects an improvement in cardiovascular health resulting from regular engagement in aerobic exercise?

A)Increased lean body mass
B)Increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)
C)Stress relief
D)Improvement in sleep pattern
E)Reduced risk for developing certain types of cancer

Question 29

Which of the following behavioral techniques supports healthy body weight changes?

A)Feasting
B)Fasting
C)Goal setting and a plan
D)Eating vegetables and meat
E)Regularly measuring body composition

Question 30

Which of the following is an attribute of a scientifically literate person?

A)Creates templates for understanding
B)Constructs hypothetical arguments for discussion
C)Respects the rights of self determination
D)Uses scientific evidence to understand the natural world
E)Reports on social phenomena consistently

Question 31

Which of the following is not a technique used to measure body composition?

A)Skin-fold calipers
B)Bod Pod
C)Body mass index
D)Hydrostatic weighing
E)Light absorption technique

Question 32

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Three percent of body weight
B.Twelve percent of body weight
C.Four percent of body weight
D.3,500 Calories per pound
Essential body fat (male)

Question 33

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.A genetic make-up that influences disease susceptibility
B.An increase in cell number
C.A disease epidemic that began in the 20th century
D.Clinical trial
Nutrigenomics

Question 34

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.A genetic make-up that influences disease susceptibility
B.An increase in cell number
C.A disease epidemic that began in the 20th century
D.Clinical trial
Hyperplasia
Answers:

Question 35

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Three percent of body weight
B.Twelve percent of body weight
C.Four percent of body weight
D.3,500 Calories per pound
Stored body fat

Question 36

Which of the following does not contribute to the Calorie intake of a person?

A)Protein
B)Carbohydrate
C)Fat
D)Alcohol
E)Water

Question 37

The purpose of a cool-down is to:

A)slowly decrease pulse rate.
B)decrease core body temperature.
C)slowly constrict blood vessels.
D)continue adequate supply of blood to the brain,and facilitate removal of metabolic waste products from the muscles.
E)All of the above

Question 38

The purpose of the warm-up is to:

A)Slowly increase the pulse rate to an aerobic level.
B)Facilitate vascular changes (splenic shunt)to accommodate aerobic exercise.
C)Gear up the energy metabolism,i.e.,increase the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the working muscle,and raise the temperature to an optimal level for energy production.
D)Increase the elasticity of the muscle fibers,which helps to prevent muscle,tendon,ligament,and joint injuries,as well as improve muscle contraction and preserve muscle glycogen in addition to reducing the amount of lactic acid build-up in the muscles.
E)All of the above

Question 39

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Three percent of body weight
B.Twelve percent of body weight
C.Four percent of body weight
D.3,500 Calories per pound
Essential body fat (female)

Question 40

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Percent body fat
B.Seventy percent water by weight
C.Skin-fold calipers
D.Sixty percent of body weight
Body composition technique
Answers:

Question 41

The Bod Pod measures total body minerals.

Question 42

The age and gender of a person affect resting energy expenditure (REE).

Question 43

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
Which type of exercise could Maya do to fulfill the mandatory strength training requirement?

A)Jog on the track
B)Isometric exercise
C)Bench and leg presses
D)Stretching
E)Jumping rope

Question 44

Science is a way of knowing about nature and understanding how the natural world interrelates.

Question 45

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
As Maya gains weight (lean body mass),she will experience cellular hypertrophy.

Question 46

Obesity is defined by gender and age.

Question 47

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
To meet her weight gain goal Maya needs to be in negative energy balance.

Question 48

The state of positive energy balance is achieved when the number of Calories consumed is less than the number of Calories expended.

Question 49

How the biologically active components in food affect disease in individuals is the study of nutritional genomics.

Question 50

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
The king-size candy bar provides Maya with 1.5 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram body weight.

Question 51

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
Aerobic activity is missing from Maya's exercise program.

Question 52

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
Hydrostatic weighing is an accurate method of determining Maya's body fat percentage.

Question 53

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
Maya's body composition is consistent with being physically fit.

Question 54

The Specific Dynamic Action of food counts toward Calorie intake.

Question 55

One's basal metabolic rate (BMR)can be calculated using one of the Mifflin-St.Jeor mathematical equations.

Question 56

Essential body fat is the amount of body fat one must maintain for proper structure and function.

Question 57

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
Which energy-producing nutrient ratio should Maya make an effort to consume after a workout?

A)1:3 carbohydrate to protein
B)3:1 carbohydrate to protein
C)1:2 carbohydrate to fat
D)2:1 protein to fat
E)1:1 carbohydrate to protein

Question 58

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
When Maya refuses to drink water to support optimal hydration,this is increasing her risk of thermal injury.

Question 59

Laboratory experiments are retrospective study designs.

Question 60

Answer questions based on the case study "Maya" information below.
Maya is a 23-year-old star basketball player.She is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 155 pounds.She currently has 18% body fat as measured by hydrostatic weighing.She is currently trying to gain weight.She supplements with fish oil and whey protein.She dislikes drinking water so she tanks down the diet soda.Her teammate worries about Maya's energy and hydration during practice and games so she frequently brings her low-fat,king-size candy bars containing 80 grams of carbohydrate per bar.Maya usually eats the whole thing and gives her friend lots of hugs for caring for her.Her team training begins with a warm-up,then moves into sprint conditioning drills and shooting practice,and ends with a cool-down.After the team practice,individual strength training is mandatory 3 days a week.
Fish oil and whey protein are great pre-workout supplements to take as ergogenic aids.

Question 61

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Stored energy
B.Energy Intake
C.Weight loss
D.Hours x REE x activity factor divided by 24
Grams of protein

Question 62

As core body temperature rises,thermal injury occurs.

Question 63

Central adiposity indicates subcutaneous fat.

Question 64

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.The range of body weight that is easy to maintain
B.The most basic unit of life
C.Research that is hypothesis driven
D.The change in inheritable genetic traits
Cell

Question 65

One pound of body fat weighs more than one pound of lean body mass.

Question 66

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Stored energy
B.Energy Intake
C.Weight loss
D.Hours x REE x activity factor divided by 24
Fat mass

Question 67

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Jogging
B.Weight lifting
C.70 to 85% of MHR
D.Yoga
Aerobic exercise

Question 68

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Stored energy
B.Energy Intake
C.Weight loss
D.Hours x REE x activity factor divided by 24
Calories burnt

Question 69

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.The range of body weight that is easy to maintain
B.The most basic unit of life
C.Research that is hypothesis driven
D.The change in inheritable genetic traits
Science
Answers:

Question 70

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.The range of body weight that is easy to maintain
B.The most basic unit of life
C.Research that is hypothesis driven
D.The change in inheritable genetic traits
Evolution

Question 71

The pre-exercise meal should be rich in protein.

Question 72

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Jogging
B.Weight lifting
C.70 to 85% of MHR
D.Yoga
Resistive exercise

Question 73

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.Stored energy
B.Energy Intake
C.Weight loss
D.Hours x REE x activity factor divided by 24
Negative energy balance
Answers:

Question 74

As the intensity of the exercise increases,so does the percentage of carbohydrate used to produce ATP.

Question 75

Match the short phrase or term with the associated short phrase or term.Choose the best answer.You may use some answers more than once or not at all.
A.The range of body weight that is easy to maintain
B.The most basic unit of life
C.Research that is hypothesis driven
D.The change in inheritable genetic traits
Set point

Question 76

Spot reduction of body fat can be achieved with exercise.

Question 77

Essential fatty acids combined with amino acids support muscle glycogen repletion.

Question 78

A four-pound-per-week weight loss will cause the loss of lean body mass.

Question 79

One pound of body fat mass provides more Calories than one pound of lean body mass.

Question 80

The body mass index is a weight-for-height calculation that is used to determine an interpretation of body weight.