Deck 4: Measuring Progress in Oral Health

Question 1

According to the Institute of Medicine's model of the multiple determinants of health,the innermost circle represents:

A)innate individual traits.
B)social,family,and community networks.
C)individual behavior.
D)living and working conditions.

Answer 1

innate individual traits.

Question 2

The Healthy People 2020 initiative includes a vision of a society in which all people:

A)are free of poverty.
B)live long,healthy lives.
C)have the right to life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness.
D)are disease-free.

Answer 2

live long,healthy lives.

Question 3

Which of the following is true concerning the topic areas in the Healthy People 2020 objectives for the United States?

A)Oral health is a specific topic area in Healthy People 2020.
B)Oral health is integrated into other topic areas in the Healthy People 2020 objectives for the United States.
C)Twenty-eight topic areas have been proposed for Healthy People 2020.
D)a and b

Answer 3

a and b

Question 4

One of the goals of the National 2010 Objectives for Leading Health Indicators is that __% of children and adults (younger than 65 years of age)have health insurance.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)100

Question 5

In the U.S.public health community,and as defined by the Advisory Committee,the term health disparity refers to a particular type of health difference among individuals or groups that is:

A)attributable to an endemic disease or condition.
B)caused by a genetic anomaly.
C)unfair because it is caused by social or economic disadvantage.
D)more prevalent in a particular race.

Question 6

Healthy People provides national ________ health targets aimed at improving the health of all Americans.

A)quarterly
B)biannual
C)yearly
D)10-year

Question 7

Common oral and craniofacial diseases that can be assessed include:

A)pemphigus vulgaris.
B)cherubism.
C)oral and pharyngeal cancer.
D)syndactyly.

Question 8

Healthy People 2020 has been designed to redirect attention from health care to health:

A)marketing.
B)costs.
C)determinants.
D)systems.

Question 9

The etiology and pathogenesis of diseases and disorders affecting craniofacial structures are ___________ and ___________.

A)monofactorial;simple
B)monofactorial;complex
C)multifactorial;simple
D)multifactorial;complex

Question 10

When the health of a community is assessed,oral health is found to be an important concern for (1)children,(2)adults,and (3)elderly people.

A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)1,3

Question 11

The United States has developed plans for the prevention of diseases and the promotion of health embodied in the initiative known as:

A)the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)Basic Screening Survey.
B)the Dental,Oral,and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC).
C)the National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS).
D)Healthy People.

Question 12

Which of the following is one of the National 2010 Objectives for Leading Health Indicators?

A)75% of children and adults have a source of ongoing primary health care.
B)90% of pregnant women receive prenatal care during the first trimester.
C)50% of young children (age 19 to 35 months)are fully immunized.
D)75% of adults are physically active on a regular basis.

Question 13

Which of the following correctly represents the sequence of the Institute of Medicine's model of the multiple determinants of health from the innermost circle outward?
1)Living and working conditions
2)Social,family,and community networks
3)Innate individual traits
4)Individual behavior

A)1,2,3,4
B)2,1,3,4
C)2,1,4,3
D)3,4,2,1

Question 14

Health determinants are:

A)a series of medical tests to determine the health status of an individual.
B)the range of personal,social,economic,and environmental factors that determine the health status of individuals or populations.
C)measured according to populations surveys.
D)indicators that can be graphed according social stratification.

Question 15

Healthy People 2020 has established national objectives to be reached by the year _____.

A)2010
B)2015
C)2020
D)2025

Question 16

According to the Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020,what requirements are needed for health equity?

A)Development of new drugs and therapies for treatment of diseases
B)Continuous efforts focused on elimination of health disparities and continuous efforts to maintain a desired state of equity
C)Construction of more emergency care facilities,particularly in downtown areas
D)More public education on communicable diseases

Question 17

The concepts of health equity and health _________ are inseparable in their practical implementation.

A)systems
B)disparity
C)status
D)indicators

Question 18

The _____________________________ has released a comprehensive set of national public health objectives each decade since 1980.

A)U.S.Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
B)National Institute of Health (NIH)
C)National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE)
D)World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 19

Healthy People 2020 targets reductions in adverse social and physical determinants as important areas for assessment and _______ to improve health in the coming decade.

A)analysis
B)intervention
C)data collection
D)surveys

Question 20

The overarching goals for Healthy People 2020 provide a general direction for the development of a set of __________ that will measure progress in population health within a specified time period.

A)surveys
B)outcomes
C)objectives
D)demographics

Question 21

Which of the following is a collaborative effort between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),Division of Oral Health,and the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)?

A)Dental,Oral,and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC)
B)National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)
C)National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
D)National Institute of Health (NIH)

Question 22

Several agencies and national organizations have stressed the importance of _____________________ to collect data routinely on oral health outcomes,risk factors,and intervention strategies for the whole population or representative samples of the population.

A)private dental offices
B)dental and dental hygiene schools
C)oral health surveillance systems
D)community health facilities

Question 23

An oral health surveillance system should contain,at a minimum:

A)a core set of oral health measures that describe the status of important oral health conditions.
B)community walk-in health centers.
C)a system of door to door canvassers to survey constituents.
D)a network of computers for integrating data.

Question 24

The oral health indicator in the National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)measures dental sealants by assessing the percentage of ___________ with dental sealants on at least one permanent molar tooth.

A)third-grade students
B)sixth-grade students
C)adults age 18 years and older
D)adults age 65 years and older

Question 25

According to the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors Basic Screening Survey methods,untreated dental caries is generally detected:

A)by radiography.
B)by visual inspection.
C)with a laser caries detection device.
D)with an explorer.

Question 26

The Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives:

A)are based on the perceptions of voter expectations by members of Congress.
B)combine current information with contemporary public health principles to benefit the largest number of people in the United States.
C)are national in scope and are not intended to be applicable to state and local governments.
D)are generic and cannot be applied to any specific population group.

Question 27

What is the difference between the df and DMF indexes?

A)The df index is intended for use in children before the age of exfoliation.
B)The df index does not include missing teeth because of the difficulty in distinguishing primary tooth loss as a result of dental caries from those lost by natural exfoliation.
C)The df index is for primary teeth,and the DMF index is for permanent teeth.
D)The df index is popular in Europe,and the DMF index is popular in the United States.

Question 28

Selection of a data collection method for a community oral health assessment should be based on information of interest,social and demographics of the population and the community,and:

A)purpose of the assessment.
B)availability of funding.
C)the wishes of the sponsoring organization or institution.
D)desired outcomes.

Question 29

The Basic Screening Survey (BSS)is published by:

A)National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS).
B)Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD).
C)the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
D)the Dental,Oral,and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC).

Question 30

The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)Basic Screening Survey (BSS)manual outlines two approaches for assessing severity related to dental caries.These include:
1)facial or buccal surface decay.
2)rampant decay.
3)number of quadrants with untreated decay.
4)depth of decay.

A)1,2,3,4
B)1,2
C)3,4
D)2,3

Question 31

Which of the following is a clinical data collection method for a community oral health assessment?

A)Self-administered questionnaire
B)Face to face personal interview
C)Basic screenings
D)Telephone interview

Question 32

The Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC) is sponsored by:
1) the National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR).
2) the National Institutes for Health (NIH).
3) the Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

A)1,2,3
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 33

Adult indicators for the interactive Internet-based oral health maps that present state or county level data come from the ______________.

A)Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)Basic Screening Survey
B)National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
C)Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
D)Dental,Oral,and Craniofacial Data Resource Center (DRC)

Question 34

The National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS)currently tracks the number of _______________ who have visited a dentist or dental clinic in the past year.

A)children younger than 6 years old
B)children age 6 years and older
C)adults age 18 years and older
D)adults age 65 years and older

Question 35

Which of the following is true of basic screenings and epidemiologic examinations?

A)Basic screenings involve making a clinical diagnosis that would result in a treatment plan.
B)Epidemiologic examinations do not constitute a thorough clinical examination.
C)Epidemiologic examinations involve making a clinical diagnosis that would result in a treatment plan.
D)a and b

Question 36

The purpose of the National Oral Health Surveillance System (NOHSS) is to help public health programs monitor:
1) the burden of oral disease.
2) use of the oral health care delivery system.
3) status of community water fluoridation.

A)1,2,3
B)1,2
C)2,3
D)3

Question 37

Endeavors in the United States to formulate a systematic approach for oral health data collection and reporting have resulted in:
1)the development of standard ways to monitor the national oral health objectives.
2)an oral health needs assessment model.
3)documentation of uniform methods to measure community oral health.
4)a national data bank.

A)1,2,3,4
B)1,2,3
C)2,3,4
D)1,4

Question 38

Which of the following is true for the conventional decayed,missing,filled (DMF)index?

A)It is used to count coronal caries on primary but not permanent teeth.
B)It is limited in its ability to measure the characteristics of dental caries thoroughly.
C)It scores the teeth as either decayed or caries-free.
D)a and c

Question 39

Which of the following represent long-term goals of oral health surveillance systems?

A)Continuous monitoring or oral health at the national,state,and community levels
B)An expansion of indicators in oral health surveillance systems
C)Webcams to monitor personal oral health in the community
D)a and b

Question 40

For the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)Basic Screening Survey (BSS),___________ are considered to be untreated decay.

A)incipient lesions halfway through enamel on radiographs
B)lesions just into the dentin on radiographs
C)sticky,stained,contiguous grooves and fissures
D)only cavitated lesions

Question 41

The Water Fluoridation Reporting System (WFRS)is:

A)an interactive Internet-based monitoring and surveillance program.
B)a division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)that monitors water-producing facilities for compliance with federal regulations.
C)a government agency where citizens can send their own water samples for evaluation of fluoride content.
D)a regional supplier serving the western region of the United States.

Question 42

A complete separation of oral health-related quality of life and health-related quality of life:

A)permits analysis of oral health versus general health factors.
B)allows dentistry to analyze its own contributions to health separate from medical contributions.
C)is necessary to understand the future of health care in the United States.
D)is not possible because oral health is one aspect of overall health.

Question 43

Which of the following teeth are evaluated for fluorosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?

A)All permanent teeth
B)All primary teeth
C)The maxillary anterior teeth
D)The maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth

Question 44

The Community Periodontal Index (CPI):

A)divides the teeth into quadrants for measurement.
B)has treatment need codes for observed periodontal conditions.
C)calls for a specially designed lightweight probe with a 0.5-mm ball at its tip.
D)b and c

Question 45

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)oral health impact profile (OHIP):

A)is a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S.adults.
B)used a computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)system in the home.
C)includes dental health perception questions for all members of the household.
D)a and b

Question 46

The proportion of oral and pharyngeal cancer lesions diagnosed at the earliest stage is collected through:

A)state cancer registries.
B)the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results (SEER)of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
C)the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
D)a and b

Question 47

The Orofacial Pain Questionnaire and Orofacial Pain Examination in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)includes an extraoral examination to assess orofacial pain by measuring the ___________________ and palpating the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint region for tenderness.

A)occlusal vertical dimension
B)maximal incisal opening,in millimeters
C)leeway space
D)working and balancing contacts

Question 48

Which of the following is true of the measurement of incisor trauma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)?

A)Assessments are recorded for the 12 anterior teeth in specific ages of children and adults.
B)Individuals age 6 to 29 years received the Incisor Trauma assessment.
C)The examiner examines the selected teeth for evidence of traumatic injury.
D)b and c

Question 49

Which of the following is true of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)?

A)It was developed as a clinical scoring system.
B)It uses a dichotomous measure that requires a simple yes or no response.
C)It is designed to assess root surface caries rather than coronal caries in elderly populations.
D)It is not intended to be used in clinical practice.

Question 50

The six domains that describe core aspects of quality of life cross culturally are physical,psychological,and social relationships and:

A)responsibility,reward,and values.
B)level of independence,environment,and personal beliefs.
C)work,play,and enjoyment.
D)discipline,integrity,and courtesy.

Question 51

Which of the following is true for the Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)Basic Screening Survey method for evaluation of sealants?

A)Sealants are evaluated for primary or permanent molars.
B)The measure is collected only for elementary school children.
C)A dichotomous measure is used to assess for the presence or absence of dental sealants.
D)A positive response requires that the sealant covers all the pits or fissures.