Deck 7: DNA Replication and Gene Expression

Question 1

What is the first protein to bind to the oriC region of the DNA molecule to start the replication process?

A)DNA polymerase
B)the primase
C)DnaA
D)gyrase
E)DnaI

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The main differences between Bacteria and Archaea chromosomal DNA when compared to Eukarya chromosomal DNA,is that the Bacteria or Archaea chromosome usually:

A)is circular while Eukarya is linear.
B)is diploid while Eukarya is haploid.
C)consist of several chromosomes while Eukarya has a single chromosome.
D)contains the base uracil while Eukarya has thymine in place of uracil.
E)is found in a non-condensed form while Eukarya DNA is highly condensed and packaged.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Watson-Crick model of DNA shows that the base adenine pairs with:

A)cytosine while guanine pairs with thymine.
B)guanine while cytosine pairs with thymine.
C)thymine while cytosine pairs with guanine.
D)either thymine or guanine,while cytosine pairs with either thymine or guanine.
E)either thymine or cytosine while guanine pairs with either thymine or cytosine.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What did the experiment by Avery,MacLeod,and McCarty in 1944 with the R and S strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate?

A)DNA was the genetic material in cells.
B)R strain phenotype could spontaneously revert to S strain phenotype.
C)Genetic material from one strain could be transferred to another strain.
D)The ability of these bacteria to kill mice.
E)That some strains of Streptococcus were not pathogenic.

Question 5

Which statement below is FALSE regarding replication of the bacterial chromosome?

A)Replication occurs in a bidirectional manner from the origin of replication.
B)The leading strand is replicated in the 5' to 3' direction and the lagging strand in the 3' to 5' direction.
C)The primase adds a short RNA primer to serve as a starting point for the DNA polymerase to add new bases.
D)DNA replication is a semi-conservative process,where one strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand.
E)The incoming nucleotide triphosphate is covalently attached to the free 3' hydroxyl.

Question 6

The Watson and Crick model showed that in the DNA molecule:

A)purines paired with pyrimidines,and the strands align anti-parallel to one another.
B)purines paired with purines,and the strands align parallel to one another.
C)purines paired with purines,and the strands align anti-parallel to one another.
D)purines paired with pyrimidines,and the strands align parallel to one another.
E)pyrimidines paired with pyrimidines,and the strands align parallel to one another.

Question 7

After the DNA is unwound at the site of DNA replication initiation,what binds to the unwound DNA to prevent it from reannealing?

A)DNA gyrase
B)single-stranded DNA binding protein
C)DnaA
D)DNA polymerase
E)DnaB

Question 8

Replication termination in E.coli involves which two proteins?

A)Tus protein and topoisomerase II.
B)helicase and DnaG.
C)helicase and topoisomerase II.
D)Tus protein and DnaG.
E)Tus protein and helicase.

Question 9

Which enzyme removes the RNA primer and fills in the gap during DNA replication in bacteria?

A)DNA polymerase III
B)DNA polymerase I
C)primase
D)ligase
E)DNAase

Question 10

The Hershey and Chase experiment was able to conclusively demonstrate that DNA,not protein,was the genetic material.They were able to distinguish DNA from protein since labeled _____ incorporated into DNA while labeled _____ incorporated into proteins.

A)nitrogen;sulfur
B)magnesium;nitrogen
C)nitrogen;magnesium
D)phosphorous;sulfur
E)sulfur;nitrogen

Question 11

Term for a special sequence at the end of the chromosome in eukaryal cells.

A)a terminator
B)a centromere
C)a telomere
D)an antiorigin.
E)an enhancer

Question 12

How do nucleotides connect to adjacent nucleotides in the Watson-Crick model of DNA?

A)Via a covalent bond between the 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the 2' deoxy of the other.
B)Via a hydrogen bond between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the nitrogenous base of the other.
C)Via a hydrogen bond between the nitrogenous base of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of the other.
D)Via a covalent bond between the 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the nitrogenous base of the other.
E)Via a covalent bond between the 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of the other.

Question 13

Which of these best differentiates DNA and RNA?

A)RNA is single-stranded and DNA is double stranded.
B)RNA contains ribose and DNA contains deoxyribose.
C)RNA contains the base uracil in place of thymine,which is in DNA.
D)Both a and b are true.
E)a,b,and c are true.

Question 14

What,in bacteria,is analogous to the autonomously replicating sequence (ARS)in yeast?

A)the promoter
B)a plasmid
C)a transposon
D)the oriC
E)a prophage

Question 15

Replication of the bacterial chromosome begins at how many locations?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the final bases to the end of a chromosome during DNA replication in eukaryal cells?

A)DNA polδ
B)DNA polα
C)DNA primase B
D)telomerase
E)topoisomerase

Question 17

A gene can best be described as a segment of DNA that:

A)encodes for a protein.
B)encodes for a protein or functional RNA.
C)is transcribed as well as the associated regulatory regions.
D)encodes for a protein as well as the associated regulatory regions.
E)is transcribed.

Question 18

What are the main enzymes responsible for replication of DNA in eukaryal cells?

A)DNA pol III and DNA pol I
B)DNA pol III and DNA pol α
C)DNA pol I and DNA pol ε
D)DNA pol α and DNA pol ε
E)DNA pol ε and DNA pol δ

Question 19

What did the experiment by Fred Griffith in 1928 with the R and S strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate?

A)DNA was the genetic material in cells.
B)R strain phenotype could spontaneously revert to S strain phenotype.
C)Genetic material from one strain could be transferred to another strain.
D)The ability of these bacteria to kill mice.
E)That some strains of Streptococcus were not pathogenic.

Question 20

Messenger RNA (mRNA)can best be described as a molecule that contains the code for a:

A)protein.
B)polypeptide.
C)protein,rRNA or tRNA.
D)polypeptide,tRNA,or rRNA.
E)polypeptide or regulatory RNA.

Question 21

What does Rho-independent termination of transcription in bacteria involve?

A)The formation of a hairpin loop followed by a poly A sequence.
B)The formation of a hairpin loop only.
C)A poly U sequence followed by a poly A sequence.
D)The formation of a hairpin loop followed by a poly U sequence.
E)A poly A sequence followed by a hairpin loop.

Question 22

What is the sigma factor of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme responsible for?

A)initiation of transcription
B)recognition of the promoter region
C)transcription elongation
D)transcription termination
E)ribosome binding

Question 23

After the translational process the polypeptide folds into the appropriate conformation for proper functioning.What group of proteins aids in protein folding?

A)proteases
B)cytokines
C)chaperonins
D)peptidases
E)lipases

Question 24

Replication of eukaryal DNA requires RNA primer synthesis.

Question 25

The RNA polymerase in Archaea is more similar to Bacteria RNA polymerase than Eukarya RNA polymerase II.

Question 26

The DNA replication process in Archaea more closely resembles that in Eukarya than in Bacteria.

Question 27

Which of these is a point mutation that results in changing a codon from an amino acid codon to a stop codon?

A)frameshift
B)silent
C)nonsense
D)missense
E)deletion

Question 28

Initiation of translation in bacteria starts with the binding of the 30S ribosomal subunit to the mRNA molecule.The ribosomal binding site is nearer the _________ end of the mRNA molecule and is called the ________.

A)3';Pribnow box
B)3';Shine-Dalgarno sequence
C)3';Rho sequence
D)5';Shine-Dalgarno sequence
E)5';Rho sequence

Question 29

For the initiation of transcription in bacteria,RNA polymerase binds to what region on the gene?

A)promoter
B)operator
C)enhancer region
D)origin of replication
E)Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 30

What are micro RNAs?

A)mRNAs that encode for regulatory proteins
B)small regulatory RNAs
C)tRNAs
D)rRNAs
E)small mRNAs

Question 31

Which of these is a term for a point mutation that results in a change in the amino acid specificity of the codon?

A)frameshift
B)silent
C)nonsense
D)missense
E)amber

Question 32

Which of these results from a deletion of base pairs such that the amino acid sequence is disrupted from that point downward?

A)transversion mutation
B)transition mutation
C)nonsense mutation
D)missense mutation
E)frameshift mutation

Question 33

In the same bacterial cell,different sigma factors are able to control the expression of large blocks of genes.

Question 34

Which of these would a signal peptide be used for?

A)To regulate translation.
B)To move a protein to the outside of the cell.
C)To help a protein fold correctly.
D)To help regulate the activity of an enzyme.
E)To initiate DNA replication.

Question 35

Transcription termination in eukaryal cells is more complex than in bacterial cells as the RNA molecule undergoes further processing before becoming a functional mRNA.Which of these BEST describes this processing?

A)Capping the 3' end with 7-methyl-guanosine,adding a poly-A sequence at the 5' end and removing internal sequences called introns.
B)Capping the 3' end with 7-methyl-guanosine,adding a poly-A sequence at the 5' end and removing internal sequences called exons.
C)Capping the 5' end with 7-methyl guanosine,adding a poly-A sequence at the 3' end and removing internal sequences called introns.
D)Capping the 5' end with 7-methyl-guanosine,adding a poly-A sequence at the 3' end and removing internal sequences called exons.
E)Capping the 3' end with 7-methyl-guanosine and adding a poly-A sequence at the 3' end.

Question 36

The mRNA of bacterial cells is often polycistronic.What does this term mean?

A)Tt can be translated more than once.
B)It contains the code for multiple peptides.
C)Tt can be translated from either end.
D)Tt is transcribed from multiple sites on the chromosome.
E)The translated protein may be modified in different ways.

Question 37

What is a codon?

A)Four bases on the mRNA that is read by the ribosome in the 3' to 5' direction.
B)Four bases on the mRNA that is read by the ribosome in the 5' to 3' direction.
C)Three bases on the mRNA that is read by the ribosome in the 3' to 5' direction.
D)Three bases on the mRNA that is read by the ribosome in the 5' to 3' direction.
E)Two bases on the mRNA that is read by the ribosome in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 38

In DNA replication nucleotides are always added in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 39

In eukaryal cells,what does RNA polymerase II transcribe?

A)tRNA genes
B)small regulatory RNAs
C)the 5S and 18S rRNAs
D)mRNA genes
E)rRNAs genes

Question 40

Most bacterial promoters consist of two regions: __________ and ___________.

A)Pribnow box and operator.
B)enhancer region and operator.
C)enhancer region and -35 region.
D)-35 region and operator.
E)Pribnow box and -35 region.

Question 41

The -10 element of the bacterial promoter is also referred to as the _______ _____.

Question 42

Describe the process of DNA replication initiation in Bacteria.

Question 43

The origin of replication site in yeast is called the _____ _______ sequence.

Question 44

Describe the process of mRNA processing in eukaryal cells.

Question 45

All living organisms use the same genetic code for the translation of mRNA.

Question 46

The site on the DNA molecule that is recognized by the sigma subunit of the RNA polymerase for binding to start transcription is called the _________.

Question 47

Why is the genetic code considered degenerate?

Question 48

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence on a mRNA is recognized by the __________ of the 30S ribosome.

Question 49

Describe the structure of DNA according to the Watson - Crick Model.

Question 50

Basic proteins that help to package the DNA in eukaryal cells are called ________.