Deck 20: Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Endogenous antigens originate in pathogen infected cells.Which of these process and present pathogen associated antigens on the cell surface?

A)MHC I molecules
B)MHC II molecules
C)T cell receptors
D)interleukin-2
E)tumor necrosis factor alpha

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the effector function of CD8⁺ cells?

A)Stimulation of B-cells for antibody production.
B)response to MHC I-peptide complexes
C)The cytotoxic killing of infected cells.
D)response to MHC II-peptide complexes
E)Stimulation of dendritic cells.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the correct outcome of CD4⁺ cell activation?

A)production of Interleukin-2,stimulation of B-cells for antibody production
B)response to MHC I-peptide complexes,differentiation into TH and memory cells
C)The cytotoxic killing of infected cells,production of Interleukin-2
D)response to MHC I-peptide complexes,production of Interleukin-2
E)production of Interleukin-1,stimulation of B-cells for antibody production

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Exogenous antigen is usually taken up by antigen-presenting cells through phagocytosis,processed,and presented to T cells on their surface by these.

A)MHC I molecules
B)MHC II molecules
C)interleukin 2 molecules
D)tumor necrosis factor alpha
E)interferon gamma

Question 5

Antigen-presenting cells infected by a virus can present processed viral antigen on their surface to T cells through these.

A)MHC I molecules
B)MHC II molecules
C)interleukin 2 molecules
D)tumor necrosis factor alpha
E)interferon gamma

Question 6

Which of these is able to bind to the T cell receptor on a specific T cell?

A)Any epitope on an antigen.
B)Any epitope.
C)Any antigen.
D)Only a single unique epitope on an antigen.
E)Any ligand.

Question 7

Exogenous antigen is taken up by APCs via

A)Phagocytosis
B)Pinocytosis
C)Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D)All are correct choices
E)None is a correct choice

Question 8

Which of these can activate T cells during the adaptive immune response?

A)Only B cells.
B)B cells and macrophages.
C)Macrophages and dendritic cells.
D)B cells and dendritic cells.
E)B cells or macrophages or dendritic cells.

Question 9

MHC II molecules are provided for peptide association through:

A)The Golgi apparatus
B)Lysosomal activity
C)Proteasome digestion
D)Peroxisomal activity
E)None is a correct choice

Question 10

What is the correct outcome of CD8⁺ cell activation?

A)production of Interleukin-2,stimulation of B-cells for antibody production
B)response to MHC I-peptide complexes,differentiation into TH and memory cells
C)The cytotoxic killing of infected cells,production of memory cells
D)response to MHC I-peptide complexes,production of Interleukin-2
E)production of Interleukin-1,stimulation of B-cells for antibody production

Question 11

What is the effector function of CD4⁺ cells?

A)production of interleukin-2
B)response to MHC I-peptide complexes
C)The cytotoxic killing of infected cells.
D)response to MHC II-peptide complexes
E)Stimulation of dendritic cells.

Question 12

Which pair of terms is accurately described?

A)Antigens are a subset of the binding sites found on epitopes
B)Ligands are a subset of antigens capable of binding at receptor sites
C)Epitopes are a subset of antigens capable of binding at ligand sites
D)Epitopes are a subset of the binding sites found on antigens
E)All are correct descriptions

Question 13

Which of these best describes an antigen?

A)A receptor on an immune cell.
B)An immune receptor that binds to a ligand.
C)Any component that can be specifically bound by an immune receptor.
D)Any type of ligand.
E)Any type of immunogen.

Question 14

Macrophages perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A)present antigen on MHC I type molecules.
B)present antigen on MHC II type molecules.
C)phagocytize bacteria.
D)produce antibody.
E)activate T cells.

Question 15

The difference between an antigen and an immunogen is that:

A)An immunogen will possess epitopes while an antigen will not
B)An immunogen will stimulate innate or adaptive immunity,while an antigen will stimulate innate defenses only
C)An immunogen will stimulate innate or adaptive immunity,while an antigen will stimulate adaptive defenses only
D)An antigen will stimulate innate or adaptive immunity,while an immunogen will stimulate innate defenses only
E)An antigen will stimulate innate or adaptive immunity,while an immunogen will stimulate adaptive defenses only

Question 16

What is the function of interleukin-2?

A)A growth factor for T-cells.
B)An antigen presenting molecule on the surface of B cells.
C)An activator of dendritic cells.
D)A chemoattractant for PMNs.
E)A trigger for degranulation of PMNs.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the primary immune response?

A)The response only involves T cells.
B)Only a few cells can initially recognize the specific antigen.
C)The response is slow and may take several weeks to develop.
D)Clonal expansion of B cells and T cells occur after antigen exposure.
E)Memory cells produced during this response can last for years.

Question 18

What is the correct activation sequence for CD4⁺ cells?

A)Stimulation of B-cells for antibody production,response to MHC II-peptide complexes
B)response to MHC II-peptide complexes,differentiation into TH and memory cells
C)The cytotoxic killing of infected cells,production of Interleukin-2
D)response to MHC II-peptide complexes,production of Interleukin-2
E)Stimulation of dendritic cells,response to MHC II-peptide complexes

Question 19

The process of antigen cross presentation is especially important in:

A)developing a strong antibody response.
B)developing an appropriate response to viruses that do not infect APCs.
C)developing an appropriate response to virus-infected APCs.
D)processing of exogenous antigen.
E)processing of endogenous antigen.

Question 20

What is the activation sequence for CD8⁺ cells?

A)Stimulation of B-cells for antibody production,response to MHC II-peptide complexes
B)response to MHC I-peptide complexes,stimulation by Interleukin-2
C)The cytotoxic killing of infected cells,production of Interleukin-2
D)response to MHC II-peptide complexes,differentiation into Tc and memory cells
E)Stimulation of dendritic cells,response to MHC II-peptide complexes

Question 21

What are the two main functions of B cells?

A)Activation of helper T cells and antibody production.
B)Activation of memory CD8⁺ T cells and antibody production.
C)Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and memory CD8⁺ T cells.
D)Activation of memory CD4⁺ T cell and antibody production.
E)Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and memory CD4⁺ T cells.

Question 22

When does antibody diversity occur in a B cell?

A)After a mature B cell is exposed to an antigen.
B)After stimulation by TH1 cell.
C)After stimulation by TH2 cell.
D)During B cell maturation.
E)After a mature B cell processes an antigen.

Question 23

Every mature B cell is capable of producing antibodies with:

A)a single unique specificity.
B)at least a hundred specificities.
C)at least a thousand specificities.
D)at least one-hundred thousand specificities.
E)at least a million specificities.

Question 24

Which of these are B cell receptors (BCR)able to bind? (Choose the most complete answer. )

A)Only proteins.
B)Only polysaccharides.
C)Only lipids.
D)Only proteins and polysaccharides.
E)Proteins,polysaccharides,and lipids.

Question 25

Antibodies protect the host from infections by performing all of the following activities except one.Select the activity it does NOT perform.

A)antigen alteration through mutation
B)complement activation
C)agglutination
D)opsonization
E)ADCC killing of infected cells by NK cells

Question 26

Which of these is the major antibody present in serum?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 27

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)is able to bind __________ antigen(s).

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)six

Question 28

What is the first antibody made in the primary immune response?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 29

Which of these could be accomplished with an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)?

A)Detection of specific antibodies in serum.
B)Separation of B cells from T cells.
C)Identification of the classes of antibodies present in serum.
D)Identification of antigens on various pathogens.
E)Agglutination of red blood cells.

Question 30

Which of these is true of B cell receptors (BCRs)?

A)They are able to bind soluble antigen.
B)They present processed antigen to T cells.
C)They comprise the MHC complex of B cells.
D)They are different from antibody produced by the B cell.
E)They activate naïve T cells.

Question 31

What is function of the FC region of the antibody molecule?

A)It binds the antigen.
B)It binds complement.
C)It binds specific receptors on phagocytes.
D)Options b and c are correct.
E)Options a,b,and c are all correct.

Question 32

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)performs all the following activities except one.Which activity does it NOT perform?

A)degranulation of basophils
B)toxin neutralization
C)opsonization
D)complement activation
E)crossing of the placenta

Question 33

What are plasma cells?

A)Antibody producing cells.
B)The same as memory B cells.
C)Any lymphocyte in the blood stream.
D)The same as memory CD8⁺ T cells.
E)T-helper cells.

Question 34

TH1 cells function in which of these processes?

A)The humoral immune response.
B)The cell-mediated immune response.
C)The innate immune response.
D)The production of antibody.
E)The activation of complement by antigen-antibody complex.

Question 35

T independent activation of B cells usually requires which of the following?

A)An internal protein antigen.
B)Dendritic cell activation of the B cell.
C)A highly repetitive antigen like some polysaccharides.
D)Macrophage activation of the B cell.
E)Toll-like receptor activation of the B cell.

Question 36

TH2 cells function by releasing cytokines that:

A)cause proliferation of antigen activated CD8⁺ T cells.
B)enhance phagocytosis by macrophages.
C)enhance phagocytic killing by macrophages.
D)enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils.
E)cause proliferation of antigen activated B cells.

Question 37

Which of these is NOT a function of dendritic cells?

A)Activate naïve CD4⁺ T cells.
B)Activate naïve CD8⁺ T cells.
C)Function as a "professional" phagocyte.
D)Activate effector CD4⁺ T cells
E)Activate memory CD4⁺ T cells.

Question 38

Which antibody is involved in the initiation of anaphylactic or allergic reactions?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 39

Which of these is the antibody secreted in the largest amount by the body?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 40

What are the two main functions of B cells?

A)Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and antibody production.
B)Activation of memory CD8⁺ T cells and antibody production.
C)Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and memory CD8⁺ T cells.
D)Activation of memory CD4⁺ T cell and antibody production.
E)none is a correct choice

Question 41

Which of these cell types are activated by dendritic cells? (Select all that apply)

A)Naïve CD4+ cells
B)Naïve CD8+ cells
C)Memory CD4+ cells
D)Memory CD8+ cells
E)Cytotoxic T cells

Question 42

Which of these cytokine9s)are released by T_H2 cells? (Select all that apply)

A)IL-4
B)Il-12
C)IL-10
D)IL-18
E)TNF_?

Question 43

The Staphylococcus virulence factor protein A acts to: (Select all that apply)

A)Invert the orientation of surface bound antibody,which will allow microbial agglutination to occur
B)Invert the orientation of surface bound antibody,which will prevent agglutination
C)Invert the orientation of surface bound antibody,which will reduce complement activation and opsonization
D)Invert the orientation of surface bound antibody,which will reduce complement activation and phagocytosis
E)irreversibly the antigen binding sites of anti-Staphylococcus antibody

Question 44

CD4⁺ T cells can be activated by binding soluble antigen.

Question 45

Which of these cytokine(s)are inhibitory to the activity of T_H2 cells? (Select all that apply)

A)IL-4
B)TNFα
C)IL-10
D)IL-18
E)IFNɤ

Question 46

Which of these cytokine(s)assist in differentiation of T_H2 cells? (Select all that apply)

A)IL-4
B)Il-12
C)IL-10
D)IL-18
E)TNF_?

Question 47

A direct ELISA test would be suitable for: (Select all that apply)

A)assessing pesticide levels in lake water
B)identifying recent streptococcal in a patient's bloodstream by IgM detection
C)detecting anti-Hepatitis B IgG in donated blood
D)quantifying nitroglycerine levels in soil samples taken from a munitions dump
E)all samples are suitable for analysis with the test

Question 48

Activated B cells will each produce: (Select all that apply)

A)Antibodies with a unique Kappa chain
B)Antibodies with a unique Lambda chain
C)Antibodies with a unique D region in the light chain
D)Antibodies with a unique C region
E)Antibodies with identical variable region amino acid sequences

Question 49

A direct ELISA test would be suitable for: (Select all that apply)

A)assessing pesticide levels in lake water
B)identifying Vibrio cholerae in a patient's bloodstream
C)detecting anti-HepatitisB antibody in donated blood
D)quantifying nitroglycerine levels in soil samples taken from a munitions dump
E)all samples are suitable for analysis with the test

Question 50

The differential reagent (that which will distinguish a positive from a negative result)in an ELISA test is:

A)Primary antibody
B)substrate-containing buffer
C)antibody provided by a patient
D)conjugated antibody with catalytic activity
E)wash buffer

Question 51

Which of these cell types are activated by B lymphocyte cells? (Select all that apply)

A)Naïve CD4+ cells
B)Naïve CD8+ cells
C)Memory CD4+ cells
D)None is acitvated by B cells
E)Cytotoxic T cells

Question 52

An indirect ELISA test would be suitable for: (Select all that apply)

A)assessing pesticide levels in lake water
B)identifying Vibrio cholerae in a patient's bloodstream
C)detecting anti-HepatitisB antibody in donated blood
D)quantifying nitroglycerine levels in soil samples taken from a munitions dump
E)all samples are suitable for analysis with the test

Question 53

Which of these cytokine(s)are released by T_H1 cells? (Select all that apply)

A)IL-4
B)IL-2
C)IL-10
D)IL-18
E)TNF_?

Question 54

How many potentially different heavy chain rearrangements are possible by the time class switching occurs?

A)Roughly 10²
B)10⁶ - 10⁸
C)Roughly 10⁴
D)Roughly 5 x 10⁴
E)None is a correct choice

Question 55

Which of these cytokine(s)are inhibitory to the activity of T_H1 cells? (Select all that apply)

A)IL-4
B)Il-12
C)IL-10
D)IL-18
E)TNF_?

Question 56

How many potentially different heavy chain rearrangements are possible by the time of B cell maturation?

A)Roughly 10²
B)10⁶ - 10⁸
C)Roughly 10⁴
D)Roughly 5 x 10⁴
E)None is a correct choice

Question 57

Which of these cell types are activated by macrophage cells? (Select all that apply)

A)Naïve CD4+ cells
B)Naïve CD8+ cells
C)Memory CD4+ cells
D)Memory CD8+ cells
E)Cytotoxic T cells

Question 58

The main effector function of activated CD4⁺ T cells is the secretion of cytokines.

Question 59

A direct ELISA test would be suitable for: (Select all that apply)

A)assessing pesticide levels in lake water
B)identifying Vibrio cholerae in a patient's bloodstream
C)detecting anti-HepatitisB antibody in donated blood
D)quantifying nitroglycerine levels in soil samples taken from a munitions dump
E)all samples are suitable for analysis with the test

Question 60

Which of these cytokines assist in differentiation of T_H1 cells? (Select all that apply)

A)IL-4
B)Il-12
C)IL-10
D)IL-18
E)TNF_?

Question 61

TH2 cells play an important role in the humoral immunity response.

Question 62

Salts or oils commonly added to vaccines to enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine antigens are called _________________.

Question 63

Dendritic cells are able to activate both naïve CD4⁺ and naïve CD8⁺ T cells.

Question 64

Antibodies produced by a single B cell are all identical to one another.

Question 65

Some B cells are able to be activated by certain antigens without the help of a T-helper cell.

Question 66

CD8⁺ T cells are activated by specifically binding to an antigen displayed on the surface of an antigen presenting cell in the major histocompatibility (MHC)marker type _______.

Question 67

The cytokine _________________ functions as a growth factor for T cells by promoting cell division.