Deck 10: The Virtuous and the Vicious: Considering Character

Question 1

With regard to how we feel about ourselves and our own accomplishments,which of the following would be the virtuous midpoint between moral deficiency and excess?

A)Arrogance
B)Servility
C)Self-respect/proper pride
D)Courage

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a key Aristotelian idea that describes a midpoint between extremes of excess and deficiency?

A)Eudaimonia
B)The Golden Mean
C)The Middle Path
D)Care

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an approach to justice which focuses on repairing harms through processes involving the offender,victim,and community?

A)Selective enforcement
B)Broken windows
C)General deterrence
D)Restorative justice

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Part of the value of moral virtues is that they help us overcome tendencies to think,feel,and act in ways indifferent or harmful.In other words,we can think of virtues as:

A)Irascible.
B)Corrective.
C)Servile.
D)Intrinsic.

Question 5

According to Aristotle,human beings are different from all other living things because of our:

A)Tolerance for pain.
B)Reason and rationality.
C)Free will.
D)Faithfulness.

Question 6

When confronted with a moral dilemma,care ethics encourages us to consider:

A)Relevant duties and imperatives.
B)Equality and proportionality.
C)Situational factors and the needs of all involved.
D)Natural and legal rights.

Question 7

Virtue ethics holds character,actions,and consequences to be correlated,such that the presence of virtuous character often gives rise to right actions which lead to good consequences.

Question 8

Aristotle's ethics was teleological,meaning:

A)Theoretical.
B)Directed toward a goal or end.
C)Superior to prior ethics.
D)Directed toward others.

Question 9

For Aristotle,the ultimate purpose of human life is health and procreation.

Question 10

"Character" is best understood as a collection or system of more specific character traits.

Question 11

Disloyalty,greed,mercilessness,prejudice,and intolerance are examples of:

A)Moral virtues.
B)Corrective emotions.
C)Other-directed traits.
D)Moral vices.

Question 12

Which of the following frameworks encourages us to imagine alternative solutions to moral dilemmas,"focusing less on deciding between given alternatives" and,instead,"envisioning new alternatives" that we may not have initially considered?

A)Utilitarianism
B)Kantian ethics
C)Care ethics
D)Ethical egoism

Question 13

Which of the following would be considered biogenic needs?

A)Money
B)Shelter and clean air
C)Friendship
D)Procreation

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the universal conditions of human flourishing outlined in your text?

A)Cooperative relationships.
B)Fulfillment of biogenic needs.
C)Pleasurable activity.
D)Connectedness with others.

Question 15

Which of the following types of programs seeks to bring victims and offenders together,promoting healthy interaction between them?

A)Victim-offender reunification
B)Preservation programs
C)Victim-offender reconciliation
D)Validation programs

Question 16

Which of the following frameworks would be most likely to justify convicting an innocent person:

A)Virtue ethics
B)Utilitarianism
C)Kantian ethics
D)Natural law

Question 17

Traits of character that dispose a person to act in a moral fashion are typically referred to as:

A)Vices.
B)Character tendencies.
C)Dispositional values.
D)Virtues.

Question 18

Which of the following comes closest to what Aristotle regarded as the highest human good?

A)Pleasure
B)Avoidance of pain
C)Flourishing
D)Prosperity

Question 19

Which of the following is a virtue commonly emphasized in criminal justice organizations?

A)Honesty
B)Temperance
C)Wisdom
D)All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is a "tendency to behave in certain ways in certain circumstances?"

A)Character trait
B)Virtue
C)Vice
D)All of the above

Question 21

Mandatory arrest policies require a police officer to make an arrest,if possible,in domestic violence scenarios.

Question 22

Illustrating your answer where appropriate,briefly discuss the approach to justice emphasized by an ethic of care and how it might differ from conventional approaches to justice.

Question 23

Traits of character that dispose us to act in ways that are indifferent toward the well-being of others could be considered vices.

Question 24

Strict determinate sentencing schemes would be consistent with the basic philosophy advocated by an ethic of care.

Question 25

An ethic of care stresses the importance of rationally-derived universal rights in our interactions with others and in resolving moral dilemmas.

Question 26

An ethic of care would most likely support the practice of selective enforcement,particularly for less serious criminal offenses.

Question 27

To say that human beings are "social animals" is to imply that we are,by nature,suited to live interdependently and cooperatively with others.

Question 28

An ethic of care would support punishing equally all criminal offenders found guilty of the same crime.

Question 29

Determinate sentencing schemes severely restrict the amount of discretion judges have in determining appropriate sentences for criminal offenders.

Question 30

Central to Aristotle's ethics,eudaimonia is a Greek term that roughly means "rational."

Question 31

Briefly discuss what is meant by moral "virtues" and "vices," incorporating specific examples of each into your response.

Question 32

Social scientific studies on sympathy have found that we are generally less willing to express sympathetic attitudes if we perceive a person's suffering to have been brought about by her or his own negligence or poor decision-making.

Question 33

Briefly describe Aristotle's concept of the "Golden Mean," providing at least one example of how it might be used to identify virtue in a particular scenario.