Deck 19: Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention

Question 1

The written exposure control plan that describes how the dental office complies with the Blood-borne Pathogens Standard must be reviewed and updated:

A)twice a year.
B)every five years.
C)annually.
D)only when the law changes.

Answer 1

annually.

Question 2

The regulatory agency whose role it is to issue specific standards to protect the health of employees in the United States is:

A)HIPAA.
B)CDC.
C)OSHA.
D)FDA.

Answer 2

OSHA.

Question 3

The links in the chain of infection are: virulence,number of microorganisms,susceptible host,and:

A)anaphylaxis.
B)portal of entry.
C)immunity.
D)occupational exposure.

Answer 3

portal of entry.

Question 4

The most common route of disease transmission in the dental office is through:

A)droplet infection.
B)direct contact with the patient's blood or saliva.
C)indirect contact with surfaces.

Question 5

The first procedural step after an exposure incident is to:

A)contact the source patient.
B)stop operations immediately.
C)remove your gloves.
D)wash your hands thoroughly.

Question 6

It is _____ that allows the body to resist disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing infection.

A)susceptibility
B)immunity
C)good health
D)heredity

Question 7

An infection that is short in duration is a(n) _____ infection.

A)chronic
B)latent
C)acute
D)opportunistic

Question 8

The law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to blood-borne disease-causing organisms such as HBV,HIV,and HCV is:

A)the OSHA Blood-borne Pathogens Standard.
B)Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Healthcare Settings-2003.
C)the OSHA Health and Safety Standards.
D)the exposure control plan.

Question 9

A(n) _____ disease is one that is communicable or contagious.

A)percutaneous
B)permucosal
C)infectious
D)dermatitis

Question 10

The CDC:

A)is a regulatory agency
B)issues specific recommendations on health-related matters, based on sound scientific evidence
C)issues specific standards to protect the health of employees in the United States
D)issued the Blood-borne Pathogens Standard

Question 11

Transmission of a disease to a susceptible person through the handling of contaminated instruments or by touching contaminated surfaces is a form of _____ transmission.

A)direct
B)indirect
C)airborne
D)spatter

Question 12

Following an exposure incident,the _____ should be notified of the injury immediately after initial first aid is provided.

A)employer
B)employee's physician
C)source patient
D)Workers' Compensation provider

Question 13

The strength of an organism in its ability to produce disease is:

A)virulence.
B)bioburden.
C)pathogens.
D)infectious disease.

Question 14

When immunity is present at birth,it is called _____ immunity.

A)inherited
B)acquired
C)active
D)artificially acquired

Question 15

The CDC term "Standard Precautions" applies to contact with:

A)sweat.
B)all body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, but only if they contain blood.
C)all body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, regardless of whether or not they contain blood.
D)intact skin.

Question 16

Transmission of a disease,from the dental office to the family of a member of the dental team,is an example of _____ disease transmission in the dental office.

A)dental team-to-patient
B)patient-to-patient
C)dental office-to-community
D)community-to-dental office-to-patient

Question 17

According to the CDC,_____ Precautions represent a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid,excretion,or secretion.

A)Standard
B)Universal
C)Domestic
D)Continental

Question 18

The Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings-2003,which is now the standard of care,was released by what agency?

A)OSHA
B)CDC
C)Health and Human Services

Question 19

Mistlike aerosols are:

A)visible to the naked eye.
B)created by the prophy cup during dental procedures.
C)not capable of transmitting respiratory infections.
D)finer sized particles than sprays and spatter.

Question 20

Pathogens that are carried in the blood and body fluids of infected individuals and that can be transmitted to others are referred to as:

A)blood-borne.
B)parenteral.
C)virulent.
D)acquired.

Question 21

Exam gloves used during dental treatment can be made of:

A)latex.
B)vinyl.
C)clear plastic.
D)both a and b.

Question 22

In the chain of infection,a person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen is known as:

A)virulence.
B)a susceptible host.
C)infectious pathogens.
D)infectious disease.

Question 23

A(n) _____ is a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go.

A)chronic infection
B)permucosal
C)infectious
D)latent infection

Question 24

Which of the following statements about reducing microbial flora is true?

A)Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective at reducing microbial flora than plain soap or antimicrobial handwashes.
B)Plain soap or antimicrobial handwashes are more effective at reducing microbial flora than alcohol-based hand rubs.
C)Alcohol-based hand rubs, antimicrobial handwashes, and plain soap are equally effective at reducing microbial flora.

Question 25

Handwashing guidelines recommend that you:

A)wash your hands before you put on gloves, but not after you remove gloves.
B)wash your hands before you put on gloves and immediately after you remove gloves.
C)wash your hands only after you remove gloves.
D)do not need to wash your hands if you wear gloves.

Question 26

Infectious waste is:

A)not found in the dental office.
B)contaminated waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease.
C)disposed of as general waste.
D)equivalent to medical waste.

Question 27

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:

A)affects animals but not humans.
B)requires additional dental treatment precautions in addition to Standard Precautions.
C)is thought to be caused by a prion infection.
D)is endemic and thought to shorten life span by 10 to 15 years.

Question 28

The most serious type of latex allergy,one that can even result in death,is called:

A)type I allergic reaction.
B)type IV sensitivity.
C)irritant dermatitis.

Question 29

Transmission of pathogens from one person to another person is called ______ transmission.

A)direct
B)indirect
C)airborne
D)spatter

Question 30

The BBP Standard requires the dentist/employer to provide training in infection-control and safety issues to:

A)all patients.
B)all personnel, including a financial manager who is never exposed to blood, saliva, or both.
C)all personnel who may come in contact with blood, saliva, or contaminated instruments or surfaces, including a receptionist or office manager who may occasionally clean a treatment room or handle instruments or impressions.
D)only personnel who are routinely exposed to blood, saliva, or both.

Question 31

The best time to clean and disinfect dental prostheses or impressions that will be handled in the in-office laboratory is:

A)after they have had time to dry.
B)as soon as possible after removal from the patient's mouth.
C)after they are in the laboratory.
D)whenever you have time.

Question 32

Which of the following is considered personal protective equipment (PPE) that the employer should provide free of charge to the employee?

A)Disposable patient treatment gloves
B)Shoes
C)TB skin test
D)Ultrasonic cleaner

Question 33

To cause disease,enough microorganisms are needed to overwhelm the body's defenses.The number of pathogenic microorganisms may be related to the amount of:

A)bioburden.
B)portals of entry.
C)virulence.
D)immunity.

Question 34

The Blood-borne Pathogens Standard states that contaminated protective clothing:

A)may be taken home and laundered.
B)can be laundered in the dental office.
C)can be picked up by a laundry service.
D)both b and c.

Question 35

After administration of the HBV vaccine,the CDC recommends:

A)routine booster doses.
B)routine blood testing to monitor the HBV antibody level.
C)routine blood testing to monitor the HBV antigen level.
D)a blood test to make sure that the individual has developed immunity.

Question 36

Waste that has had contact with blood or other body fluids is considered contaminated and is disposed of as _____ waste in most states.

A)hazardous
B)contaminated
C)general
D)biohazard

Question 37

The BBP Standard requires use of protective eyewear:

A)with front but not side protection.
B)with front and side protection (solid side shields).
C)including contact lenses, which are considered to be protective.
D)along with a face shield.

Question 38

In order for pathogens to cause infection,they must have a way to enter the body or a(n):

A)portal of entry.
B)susceptible host.
C)acute infection.
D)chronic infection.

Question 39

CDC guidelines and the OSHA Blood-borne Pathogen Standard consider saliva to be a:

A)potentially infectious body fluid.
B)noninfectious body fluid.
C)hazardous waste.
D)contaminated waste.

Question 40

The correct order for removing PPE is to first remove the:

A)gloves.
B)protective eyewear.
C)gown.
D)mask.

Question 41

To properly dispose of contaminated needles and other disposable sharp objects in a dental office,the dental professional should discard them in a:

A)trash can.
B)staff room trash.
C)sharps container.
D)all of the above.

Question 42

Protective Clothing Requirement Standards include all of the following except:

A)clothing made of fluid-resistant material.
B)disposable jackets or gowns with long sleeves and high neckline.
C)minimizing the amount of uncovered skin.
D)interchangeable clothing among dental assistant and dentist during procedures.

Question 43

The type of immunity acquired when the body fights an invading pathogen is called ________ immunity.

A)naturally acquired
B)inherited
C)active
D)artificially acquired

Question 44

Under the Occupational Exposure Determination,which members of the dental staff fall under category II?

A)Receptionist
B)Manager
C)Sterilization assistant and laboratory technician
D)Both a and b

Question 45

What type of disease transmission refers to the spread of disease through droplets of moisture that contain bacteria or viruses?

A)Direct transmission
B)Aerosol transmission
C)Spray or splatter
D)Airborne transmission

Question 46

According to _________ Precautions,all human and body fluids,including saliva,need to be treated as if they are infected with blood-borne disease such as HIV and/or HBV infection.

A)Standard
B)Universal
C)Domestic
D)Continental

Question 47

Protective masks are worn over the nose and mouth to protect dental personnel from:

A)inhaling infectious microorganisms.
B)aerosol and spray from handpieces or an air-water syringe.
C)any accidental splashes.
D)all of the above.

Question 48

In order to avoid patient-to-patient disease transmission,which infection control measure must be practiced?

A)Instrument sterilization and use of sterile instruments
B)Surface barriers
C)Handwashing and the uses of gloves
D)All of the above

Question 49

All of the following are descriptions of a sharps disposal container,except:

A)puncture-resistant.
B)closeable and leakproof.
C)accessible to retrieve reusable items.
D)color-coded or labeled with a biohazard symbol.

Question 50

Tuberculosis,botulism,and streptococcal infections can be spread by:

A)parenteral transmission.
B)immunity.
C)good health.
D)food and water transmission.

Question 51

Which dental professional falls under category I of the Occupational Exposure Determination?

A)Dentist and hygienist
B)Dental assistant
C)Sterilization assistant and laboratory technician
D)All of the above

Question 52

Which of the following diseases fall under the OSHA Blood-borne Pathogens Standard Law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure?

A)The common cold
B)HBV
C)HIV and HCV
D)Both and c

Question 53

Training employees on the proper response to an exposure incident in a dental office is the responsibility of the:

A)employer.
B)CDC.
C)OSHA.
D)office manager.

Question 54

The type of immunity acquired by means of immunization or vaccination is known as ________ immunity.

A)naturally acquired
B)inherited
C)active
D)artificially acquired

Question 55

To prevent contamination of a clean instrument or any object handled during treatment,_______ should be worn.

A)masks
B)safety goggles
C)overgloves
D)none of the above

Question 56

Pathogens that can be transmitted through the skin by means of cuts or punctures fall under the _________ transmission category.

A)blood-borne
B)parenteral
C)virulent
D)acquired

Question 57

The CDC established guidelines for needle recapping; this includes:

A)recapping needles using both hands.
B)directing the point of the needle toward any body part when recapping.
C)using the single-handed scoop method or a recapping device.
D)none of the above.

Question 58

Infection control measures that help prevent disease transmission to the dental professional include:

A)gloves and handwashing.
B)rubber dams and the use of patient mouth rinses.
C)the use of masks.
D)all of the above.

Question 59

Transmission of infection affecting the mucosal surfaces of the eyes,nose,and mouth occurs through:

A)dental team-to-patient transmission.
B)patient-to-patient transmission.
C)droplet infection.
D)community-to-dental office-to-patient transmission.