Deck 7: Policing America: Issues and Ethics

Question 1

Your textbook names three successful police recruitment programs,which are listed below.Which of the programs listed below is NOT one of these programs?

A) Public safety officer programs
B) High school tech prep programs
C) Police Cadet programs
D) Police Athletic Leagues

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Your textbook names three of the characteristics of a typical sheriff.They are listed below.Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook?

A) Sheriffs sometimes have statewide jurisdiction, especially in states with smaller populations.
B) Sheriffs often have a strong idea of the priorities of a community.
C) Sheriffs wield more influence with prosecutors and in the legislature than do chiefs of police.
D) Sheriffs must be good politicians.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A merit system of police employment is established when an independent civil service commission,in cooperation with the city personnel section and the police department,sets standards for three of the following issues.Which of the following is NOT set by a merit system?

A) Employment qualifications
B) Recruitment criteria
C) Discipline procedures
D) Performance standards

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Approximately ____ women are victims of domestic violence each year.

A) 50,000
B) 100,000
C) 1 million
D) 5 million

Question 5

Which of the following has/have always made the police the major respondents to domestic violence calls?

A) Ongoing police interest
B) High concern for women's safety
C) Referrals from other agencies
D) The availability of 24-hour service

Question 6

Police work is intrinsically satisfying because it is:

A) generally outdoors.
B) nonroutine.
C) people-oriented.
D) all of the choices are correct.

Question 7

What percent of blacks believe that police brutality against blacks happens occasionally or more often in their communities?

A) 15%
B) 33%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 8

The ____ the complainant,the more likely a patrol officer is to use formal procedures to report and investigate a crime.

A) poorer
B) younger
C) more affluent
D) older

Question 9

Three successful police recruiting practices are listed below.Which of the following does NOT belong?

A) Using television, radio, and newspaper advertisements
B) Going to colleges and to schools in minority communities
C) Waiting for ideal job applicants to gravitate toward one's department
D) Working with local employment offices

Question 10

For a long time,police looked at domestic violence calls as ____ when,in fact,they should have been treated as ____.

A) criminal matters; routine service calls
B) peacekeeping activities; criminal matters
C) misdemeanors; felonies
D) assault offenses; sexual offenses

Question 11

Your textbook names some of the characteristics of a police chief's job.Three are listed below.Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook?

A) A typical police chief rarely serves longer than 10 years.
B) Police chiefs must be long-term (preferably lifetime) local residents in order to fully understand the needs of the community.
C) Police chiefs must be politically savvy in order to survive.
D) Much of the political controversy and many of the social problems in major cities and counties end up involving the police department and its chief.

Question 12

Following are the three I's of police selection.Which one of these does NOT belong?

A) Intuition
B) Interaction skills
C) Integrity
D) Intelligence

Question 13

The practice of relying on the judgment of the police leadership and rank-and-file officers to decide which laws to enforce is referred to as:

A) limited discretion.
B) selective enforcement.
C) high discretion.
D) full enforcement.

Question 14

Failure to fairly represent all genders and races within police departments has led to several negative consequences.Which of the following is NOT one of the negative consequences listed in your textbook?

A) Expensive lawsuits
B) Court-ordered quotas to achieve the desired diversity
C) Consent decrees
D) Sensational publicity

Question 15

According to your text,three highly important qualities for police are:

A) the three I's of police selection, common sense, and compassion.
B) strength, endurance, and compassion.
C) Strength, common sense, and the three I's of police selection.
D) The three I's of police selection, appearance, and compassion.

Question 16

Police officers cannot make an arrest for every violation of law-that is,they cannot provide:

A) limited discretion.
B) selective enforcement.
C) high discretion.
D) full enforcement.

Question 17

For most violations of the law,a police officer can usually exercise a number of options.Five are listed in your textbook,and three of these are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the options listed in your textbook?

A) Making a physical arrest
B) Issuing a written warning
C) Giving a verbal warning
D) Using lethal force

Question 18

Police have responded to domestic violence in three distinct ways,which are listed in your textbook.Which of the following is NOT one of these three ways?

A) Arrest both the perpetrator and the victim
B) Separate domestic partners in minor disputes
C) Mediate the dispute
D) Arrest the perpetrator of the assault

Question 19

In cases involving lesser felonies,misdemeanors,and petty offenses,police officers are more likely to:

A) formally report the crime.
B) informally handle the crime.
C) do nothing.
D) make a physical arrest.

Question 20

The movement to limit the discretion of police officers is the result of:

A) increased police-community relations.
B) lowered crime rates.
C) abuses of that discretion.
D) positive publicity about lowered discretion.

Question 21

Approximately what percent of recruits in police academy classes fail to complete the program?

A) 0
B) 10
C) 30
D) 50

Question 22

Approximately what percent of the sworn officers in the nation's police departments are white males?

A) 50
B) 60
C) 70
D) 85

Question 23

Which of the following is a way to control the amount of discretion exercised by police officers?

A) close supervision by a police agency's management
B) department directives or policies
C) decisions of the United States Supreme Court
D) all of the choices are correct

Question 24

According to available research on the subject,which of the following factors does NOT influence the exercise of discretion on the part of police patrol officers?

A) nature of the crime
B) departmental policies
C) amount of evidence
D) personal characteristics of officers

Question 25

What is the average level of education in policing today?

A) a high school diploma
B) nearly two years of college
C) a 2-year college degree
D) a 4-year college degree

Question 26

Which of the following programs is intended to (1)address violent crime by increasing the number of police with advanced education and training on community patrol and (2)provide educational assistance to law enforcement personnel and students who possess a sincere interest in public service in the form of law enforcement?

A) the Police Corps
B) the Public Safety Officer Program
C) the Police Cadet Program
D) the High School Tech Prep Program

Question 27

Approximately what percent of the public rates the police "excellent" or "pretty good" at responding quickly to calls for help and assistance,preventing crime,solving crime,being helpful and friendly,treating people fairly,and not using excessive force?

A) between 10 and 20
B) between 30 and 40
C) between 60 and 70
D) between 80 and 90

Question 28

_____ are officers who actively seek ways to make money illegally while on duty.

A) Meat eaters
B) Grass eaters
C) Vegans
D) Carnivores

Question 29

When did the systematic psychological testing of police officers begin?

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 30

Your textbook lists several methods that have been prescribed to stop racial profiling.Three are listed below.Which of the following is NOT one of the methods listed in your textbook?

A) Having police officers distribute business cards to all motorists and pedestrians they stop
B) Racial and cultural diversity training for police personnel
C) Arresting all perpetrators regardless of race
D) Videotaping all traffic stops

Question 31

In which of the following decades were police departments required to engage in affirmative action efforts in the hiring process?

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 32

Most people's definitions of brutality include three of the following,according to your textbook.Which of the following is NOT included in your book's definition of brutality?

A) Unnecessary stopping, questioning, and searching of pedestrians or those in vehicles
B) Full enforcement
C) Verbal abuse
D) Threats of force

Question 33

Which of the following is a measure of coercion beyond what is necessary to control participants in a conflict?

A) Deadly force
B) Job stress
C) Excessive force
D) Harassment

Question 34

Approximately what percent of the public has "a great deal" or "quite a lot" of confidence in the police's ability to protect it from violent crime?

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 35

Racial profiling often occurs during ____,where police justify stopping a car because of minor equipment or moving traffic violations that might otherwise be ignored.

A) random patrol
B) pretext stops
C) full enforcement
D) selective enforcement

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a type of police misconduct identified by Ellywn Stoddard?

A) chiseling
B) extortion
C) bribery
D) all of the choices are types of police misconduct

Question 37

Which of the following U.S.Supreme Court decisions severely restricted the police use of deadly force?

A) Furman v. Georgia
B) Tennessee v. Garner
C) Escobedo v. Illinois
D) Woodson v. North Carolina

Question 38

In 2002,what was the median earnings for police and sheriff's patrol officers?

A) $26,500
B) $32,500
C) $42,000
D) $60,000

Question 39

Which of the following is defined as the harmful physical and emotional outcomes that occur when the requirements of a job do not match the capabilities,resources,or needs of the employee?

A) Racial profiling
B) Stress management
C) Organizational change
D) Job stress

Question 40

Which of the following is an advantage of hiring college-educated police officers?

A) better written reports
B) enhanced communication with the public
C) fewer citizen complaints
D) all of the choices are correct

Question 41

According to your text,a precise definition of brutality is not possible.

Question 42

Your textbook lists seven advantages to hiring college-educated police officers.Name four of these advantages.

Question 43

No issue in policing has caused as much controversy in recent decades as field interrogations.

Question 44

Police officers are bound to pass some kind of judgment on the legitimacy of the victim of a crime.

Question 45

Your textbook states that a number of conditions can lead to job stress and then names four of them.List these four conditions,with at least one example each.

Question 46

Your text names six qualities normally evaluated in the oral interview phase of the police selection process.Name four of these qualities.

Question 47

Organizational change can reduce the potential for stress in the police work environment.

Question 48

Research shows that nonwhites rate the honesty and ethical standards of police lower than whites do.

Question 49

Number each step of the police selection process in the order in which it appears in your text.Numbers should be 1 through 10.
____ Background investigation
____ Medical examination
____ Psychological testing
____ Probation
____ Short application
____ Detailed application
____ Academy training
____ Written examination
____ Oral interview/oral board
____ Physical ability test

Question 50

Affirmative action has been relatively successful in increasing the percentage of women in policing.

Question 51

Research data clearly show that the general public has more respect for the police and their ethical standards than it does for a variety of other occupations.

Question 52

Demystifying the nature of police work and the selection process can be detrimental to attracting and retaining qualified candidates.

Question 53

One method of controlling the amount of discretion exercised by police officers is close supervision by a police agency's management.

Question 54

Research has shown that a number of significant factors affect discretion.Your textbook lists eight of these factors.Name five of them.

Question 55

According to your textbook,Robert
B. Mills states that police applicants should possess nine psychological qualities. Name five of these qualities.
Answers can include any five of the following:
· Motivation for a police career
· Normal self-assertiveness
· Emotional stability under stress
· Sensitivity toward minority groups and social deviants
· Collaborative leadership skills
· A mature relationship with social authority
· Flexibility
· Integrity and honesty
· An active and outgoing nature

Question 56

A crucial issue in the police executive selection process is deciding whether to allow people from outside the agency to apply.

Question 57

Copicide is a form of suicide in which police officers place themselves in potentially lethal situations in order to get shot.

Question 58

Research has shown that arrested domestic violence perpetrators are twice as likely to repeat their violence against the original victim.