Deck 5: Water and Seawater

Question 1

Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimation.

Question 5

pH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity.

Question 6

The voyage of the HMS Challenger was the first systematic sampling of biological specimens and chemical and physical properties of the ocean.

Question 7

Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion.

Question 8

Halite, sodium chloride, is the most abundant salt in seawater.

Question 9

Water is the only naturally occurring substance that exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).

Question 10

Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.

Question 11

Water is a polar molecule.

Question 12

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.

Question 13

Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid.

Question 14

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.

Question 15

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

Question 16

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.

Question 17

The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.

Question 18

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.

Question 19

The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:

A) closed cycle.
B) geologic cycle.
C) hydrobiological cycle.
D) hydrologic cycle.
E) meteorological cycle.

Question 20

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

A) electron sharing.
B) electron transfer.
C) polarity of water molecules.
D) surface tension.
E) viscosity of water.

Question 21

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:

A) Ca⁺².
B) Cl⁻.
C) CO₂.
D) HCO₃⁻.
E) Na⁺.

Question 22

The surface tension of water:

A) increases as density decreases.
B) is related to salinity.
C) is relatively high.
D) is relatively low.
E) is very similar to similar liquids.

Question 23

Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:

A) polarity of water molecules.
B) sharing of electrons between atoms.
C) surface tension of water.
D) transfer of electrons between atoms.
E) viscosity of water.

Question 24

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0ᵒC. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?

A) It immediately begins to rise slowly.
B) It remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise.
C) It rises rapidly as the ice melts.
D) It rises slowly until it reaches 32ᵒC then it remains constant as the ice melts.
E) The temperature pattern cannot be predicted.

Question 25

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

A) density decreases.
B) heat capacity decreases.
C) residence time increases.
D) residence time decreases.
E) residence time does not change.

Question 26

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

A) ocean salinity varies as a function of season.
B) ocean salinity varies with geographical location.
C) the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location.
D) the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth.
E) the relative concentration of seawater ions does not change.

Question 27

The average salinity of sea water is:

A) 0.35%.
B) 2.0%.
C) 3.5%.
D) 10%.
E) 25%.

Question 28

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called the:

A) boiling point elevation.
B) calorie.
C) latent heat of condensation.
D) latent heat of evaporation.
E) thermal capacity.

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding pH is not true?

A) A pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline.
B) As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.
C) Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution.
D) pH will increase in areas of rapid plant or algal growth.
E) pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.

Question 30

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:

A) high capillary action.
B) high surface tension.
C) high viscosity.
D) low surface tension.
E) low viscosity.

Question 31

Processes that decrease seawater salinity include evaporation and sea ice formation.

Question 32

Latent heat is used to:

A) break chemical bonds.
B) change molecular structure.
C) change states of matter.
D) change the temperature of a substance.
E) form chemical bonds.

Question 33

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

A) contains hydrogen bonds.
B) exists in three phases at the earth's surface.
C) is a polar molecule.
D) is a universal solvent.
E) requires heat to condense.

Question 34

When water evaporates from the ocean surface:

A) energy is transferred from the atmosphere to the remaining liquid.
B) sea surface temperature increases.
C) sea surface salinity decreases.
D) the remaining water is cooled.
E) the remaining water is warmed.

Question 35

The phase in which water exists is determined by:

A) density and pressure.
B) density and salinity.
C) pressure and salinity.
D) temperature and pressure.
E) temperature and salinity.

Question 36

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

A) high heat capacity
B) high salinity
C) high viscosity
D) low heat capacity
E) low viscosity

Question 37

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:

A) a function of salinity.
B) about the same as other liquids.
C) higher than other liquids.
D) lower than other liquids.
E) related to solvent concentration.

Question 38

Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:

A) capillarity.
B) hydrogen bonds.
C) polarity.
D) surface tension.
E) viscosity.

Question 39

List the major seawater constituents in decreasing concentration.

Question 40

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)atmosphere
B)biomass
C)glaciers
D)oceans
E)soil moisture

Question 41

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)boiling point
B)buffering capacity
C)freezing point
D)heat capacity
E)surface tension

Question 42

Describe various methods used to desalinate seawater.

Question 43

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)latitude
B)pH
C)precipitation
D)salinity
E)temperature

Question 44

Explain how the pH of seawater remains constant.

Question 45

How does the ocean's salinity vary with depth?

Question 46

Discuss how hydrogen bonding in water allows water to support life on earth. Include in your answer how hydrogen bonding affects the physical and chemical properties of water.

Question 47

What is the origin of the salt ions in seawater?

Question 48

Hydrogen bonds:

A) decrease the density of frozen water.
B) give water a high capacity.
C) increase the boiling point of water.
D) increase the freezing point of water.
E) All of the above are true of hydrogen bonds in water.

Question 49

Discuss how climatological processes affect seawater salinity.

Question 50

Explain how seawater salinity is affected by surface processes (such as precipitation and evaporation, for example).

Question 51

A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:

A) barocline.
B) halocline.
C) isocline.
D) pycnocline.
E) thermocline.

Question 52

Seawater:

A) contains 30-35 parts per thousand salt ions.
B) contains chloride, sodium, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions.
C) dissolves oxygen more readily than carbon dioxide.
D) has the same proportion of salt ions world-wide irrespective of total salinity.
E) is 3.0 to 3.5% salt on average.

Question 53

Residence time:

A) describes the solubility of salt ions in water.
B) determines the rate at which nutrients pass from one trophic level to another.
C) increases as water depth decreases.
D) is the average length of time that substances reside in the ocean.
E) relates the solubility of an ion to the rate at which it precipitates to form sediment deposits.

Question 54

A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:

A) barocline.
B) halocline.
C) isocline.
D) pycnocline.
E) thermocline.

Question 55

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.

A)carbonate ion
B)bicarbonate ion
C)chloride ion
D)hydrogen ion
E)hydroxide ion

Question 56

Discuss the relationship between seawater density and salinity and water temperature.

Question 57

All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except:

A) evaporation.
B) iceberg melting.
C) precipitation.
D) river runoff.
E) sea ice melting.