Deck 31: Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the

A) pancreas.
B) hepatic cells.
C) gallbladder.
D) stomach.

Answer 1

hepatic cells.

Question 2

The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete

A) glucagon.
B) insulin.
C) somatostatin.
D) pancreatic polypeptide hormone.

Answer 2

glucagon.

Question 3

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit after sustaining a head injury.Based on the injury,it is determined that there is a decrease in ADH.Which of the patient's symptoms would alert the medical team to a possible decrease in ADH?

A) Rapidly escalating hypertension
B) Massive diuresis
C) Pulmonary edema
D) Hyperkalemia

Answer 3

Massive diuresis

Question 4

Glucagon release is stimulated by which of the following?

A) Increases in circulating insulin
B) Decreases in blood amino acids
C) Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
D) Exercise

Question 5

In the healthy body,a normal blood glucose level is maintained by

A) insulin secretion.
B) cellular metabolism.
C) insulin-to-glucagon ratio.
D) insulin-to-thyroxine ratio.

Question 6

Insulin produces hypoglycemia.What other physiologic effect may occur when insulin is given?

A) Polyuria
B) Hypercalcemia
C) Hypokalemia
D) Cellular dehydration

Question 7

The nurse knows that when levels of T? and T? are elevated,the pituitary gland inhibits

A) thyroglobulin.
B) thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH).
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
D) calcitonin.

Question 8

When large amounts of ADH are released,the patient's sodium levels will be

A) increased.
B) decreased.
C) unaffected.
D) altered inversely with potassium.

Question 9

The gland called the "master gland" that has the most influence over all areas of body functioning is the

A) hypothalamus.
B) pancreas.
C) thyroid.
D) pituitary.

Question 10

The release of hormones by the pituitary gland is under the control of the

A) cerebellum.
B) occipital lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 11

ADH works primarily at the

A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) stomach.
D) kidneys.

Question 12

Adequate thyroid function depends on

A) the basal metabolic rate.
B) dietary intake of iodine.
C) colloid osmotic pressure.
D) sodium levels in the blood.

Question 13

What hormone does the adrenal cortex secrete to maintain homeostasis?

A) Androgens
B) Aldosterone
C) ACTH
D) Corticosteroid

Question 14

The endocrine system helps maintain equilibrium throughout the body via

A) control of smooth muscle.
B) control of skeletal muscle.
C) hormones.
D) neuronal control.

Question 15

Decreased insulin and increased glucagon results in

A) increased glycogenolysis.
B) decreased fat mobilization.
C) decreased ketosis.
D) increased glycogen storage.

Question 16

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit after sustaining a head injury.Based on the injury,it is determined that there is a decrease in antidiuretic hormone (ADH).The major role of antidiuretic hormone is to regulate

A) blood pressure.
B) fluid balance.
C) potassium.
D) homeostasis.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the effects of somatostatin?

A) It stimulates the release of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin.
B) It suppresses the release of pancreatic polypeptide.
C) It inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon.
D) It inhibits the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone.

Question 18

The effect of increased T? and T? on the body is

A) increased oxygen consumption and use.
B) lowering of the basal metabolic rate.
C) decreased cardiac output.
D) increased parasympathetic response.

Question 19

The process by which fat and protein nutrients are broken down into end products that are changed to glucose is

A) glycogenolysis.
B) gluconeogenesis.
C) digestion.
D) biotransformation.

Question 20

A patient is brought to the hospital with a stab wound after a fight at a local bar.His alcohol level is twice the normal limit.The nurse would expect his serum osmolality to be

A) elevated.
B) decreased.
C) unaffected.
D) equal to his sodium level.

Question 21

Identify major functions of the thyroid hormones.

A) Increase the rate of glucose used by the cells
B) Decrease fat metabolism
C) Increase the body's demand for vitamins
D) Decrease cardiac output
E) Stimulate bone resorption
F) Increase serum cholesterol levels

Question 22

Which organ secretes catecholamine epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A) Adrenal cortex
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Anterior pituitary
D) Posterior pituitary

Question 23

Which of the following statements are true about ADH?

A) Acute infection stimulates the release of ADH.
B) ADH constricts smooth muscles.
C) ADH controls plasma osmolality.
D) Narcotics inhibit the release of ADH.
E) The release of ADH decreases hypovolemia.
F) Pain inhibits the release of ADH.

Question 24

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to physiologic stress?

A) Mineralocorticoid
B) Corticosteroid
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Cortisol

Question 25

When the brain perceives a stressful or threatening situation,the hypothalamus releases ________________________,which causes the anterior pituitary to release_____________________________.

A) cortisol; androgens.
B) corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH
C) ACTH; glucocorticoid hormone
D) ACTH; epinephrine