Deck 22: Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Damage to the upper portion of the reticular activating system results in which condition?

A) Seizures
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Apnea
D) Impaired consciousness

Answer 1

Impaired consciousness

Question 2

When a patient with neurologic damage continues with extremely high core body temperature despite interventions to lower temperature,the area of the brain most likely affected is the

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) thalamus.
D) hypothalamus.

Answer 2

hypothalamus.

Question 3

Substances most likely to pass across the blood-brain barrier have which of the following characteristics?

A) Low pH compared with body fluids
B) Lipid solubility
C) Large particle size
D) A close relation to toxic metabolites

Answer 3

Lipid solubility

Question 4

Which type of hematoma results from traumatic injury involving the middle meningeal artery?

A) Subdural
B) Epidural
C) Subarachnoid
D) Intercerebral

Question 5

Neuronal function is driven by

A) nodes of Ranvier.
B) saltatory conduction.
C) repolarization-depolarization cycles.
D) depolarization-repolarization cycles.

Question 6

Control of the rate of respirations occurs in the

A) apneustic center.
B) pneumotaxic center.
C) reticular activating system.
D) midbrain.

Question 7

Obstructive hydrocephalus can occur in the presence of

A) blockage in the arachnoid villi.
B) malformation of the falx cerebelli.
C) blockage of CSF flow in the ventricular system.
D) increased production of CSF with poor outlet.

Question 8

The sensory,motor,and cognitive functions are the primary functions of the

A) diencephalon.
B) basal ganglia.
C) cerebellum.
D) cerebrum.

Question 9

What percentage of the body's total resting cardiac output is used by the brain?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 40%

Question 10

A person with a cerebellar lesion will have difficulty with

A) breathing.
B) equilibrium.
C) memory.
D) speech.

Question 11

CNS response to the periphery to produce contraction of the skeletal muscles is the result of

A) efferent fibers.
B) afferent fibers.
C) myelin sheath.
D) neurotransmitters.

Question 12

A lack or inadequate amount of which two substances can cause disruption in neuronal function and irreversible damage?

A) Oxygen and glucose
B) Protein and insulin
C) Oxygen and protein
D) Protein and glucose

Question 13

Which areas of the spinal cord have tenuous blood supply and are especially vulnerable to circulatory embarrassment?

A) C2 to C3
B) C5 to C6
C) T8 to T10
D) L4 to L5

Question 14

The region of the brain that acts as a relay station for both motor and sensory activity is the

A) cerebrum.
B) cerebellum.
C) thalamus.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 15

Which statement best describes the role of neuroglial cells?

A) They are fewer in number than neurons.
B) They provide support to the neuron in nutrients and structural formation.
C) They protect the CNS from nonmetabolic primary neoplasms.
D) They produce a steady supply of neurotransmitters.

Question 16

The large opening at the base of the cranium is known as the

A) cisterna magna.
B) median foramen.
C) foramen magnum.
D) lateral foramen.

Question 17

Which area of the ventricular system is usually cannulated for intracranial pressure monitoring?

A) Frontal horn of the lateral ventricle
B) Aqueduct of Sylvius
C) Foramen of Monro
D) Fourth ventricle

Question 18

Tissue that adheres directly to the brain tissue and is rich in small blood vessels that supply a large amount of arterial blood to the CNS is known as the

A) dura mater.
B) arachnoid mater.
C) pia mater.
D) CNS.

Question 19

Based on the circle of Willis,if the right internal carotid artery is blocked so that inadequate blood flows to the cerebral arteries,oxygen and nutrients to the brain

A) can be supported by the circle of Willis.
B) are diminished by 25%.
C) are diminished by 50%.
D) are blocked.

Question 20

Which of the following structures form(s)the blood-brain barrier?

A) Postsynaptic terminals
B) Pia mater
C) Vascular endothelial cells
D) Myelin sheath

Question 21

The primary functions of which lobe are hearing,speech,behavior,and memory?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Question 22

Stimulation of this nerve will elicit the gag reflex.

A) Glossopharyngeal
B) Facial
C) Spinal accessory
D) Hypoglossal

Question 23

Examples of small-molecule transmitters include

A) acetylcholine.
B) glucose.
C) norepinephrine.
D) dopamine.
E) epinephrine.
F) GABA receptors.

Question 24

Which lobe of the brain deals primarily with sensory function?

A) Frontal lobe
B) Temporal lobe
C) Occipital lobe
D) Parietal lobe

Question 25

Which cranial nerves are responsible for motor functions of the eye?

A) Optic nerve
B) Oculomotor
C) Trochlear
D) Trigeminal
E) Abducens
F) Acoustic

Question 26

A patient has coherent speech but the words are illogical.Which part of the brain has been affected?

A) The cerebellum
B) The Broca area
C) The Wernicke area
D) The hypothalamus

Question 27

The ability to access CSF by a lumbar puncture is attributable to the flow of CSF in the

A) dura mater.
B) pia mater.
C) epidural cavity.
D) subarachnoid space.

Question 28

Cranial nerves IX,X,XI,and XII are located in which section of the brainstem?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Reticular formation

Question 29

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit after a stroke.The patient has an altered level of consciousness and garbled speech.A computed tomography scan is performed to determine the cause of the stroke,and a lumbar puncture is performed for analysis of CSF.Because the patient's speech is garbled,the nurse documents the occurrence of which type of aphasia?

A) Fluent
B) Receptive
C) Expressive
D) Global

Question 30

An afferent pathway that carries sensory impulses from the body into the spinal cord is the

A) subarachnoid.
B) spinal nerves.
C) ventral root.
D) dorsal root.