Deck 12: Labor Relations

Question 1

Arbitration is a process in which an impartial referee listens to both sides and then makes a judgment by accepting one side's view.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: When a legally binding settlement is needed, the negotiators may submit to arbitration-a process in which an impartial referee listens to both sides and then makes a judgment by accepting one side's view.

Question 2

Seniority refers to the length of time someone has worked for his or her current employer.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: Seniority refers to the length of time someone has worked for his or her current employer.

Question 3

Right-to-work laws promote the implementation of union shops to promote union security.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Right-to-work laws are state laws that prohibit union and agency shops. These laws remain a strong point of contention between union supporters and opponents.

Question 4

Collective bargaining is a negotiation between union and management negotiators to forge the human resources policies that will apply to all employees covered by a contract.

Question 5

Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932 allows companies freedom to obtain injunctions against union strikes.

Question 6

Nonunion employees typically receive greater benefits than union members.

Question 7

National Labor Relations Act is a legislation established to restrict labor unions.

Question 8

The Labor-Management Reporting Act is intended to ensure democratic processes and financial accountability within unions.

Question 9

The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers is an example of an industrial union.

Question 10

An injunction is an order issued by a union to stop work temporarily.

Question 11

A national union is composed of many local unions that represent employees in specific locations.

Question 12

Work rules specify such things as the tasks certain employees are required to do or are forbidden to do.

Question 13

In an agency shop,employees aren't required to join the union but must pay the equivalent of union dues.

Question 14

Boycott is a temporary work stoppage aimed at forcing management to accept union demands.

Question 15

Craft unions offer membership to all workers who are involved in the manufacturing process of a product.

Question 16

Union members take a decertification vote to increase the scope of a union's objectives.

Question 17

Labor unions are organizations that represent employees in negotiations with management.

Question 18

Authorization cards are cards signed by employees to indicate interest in having a union represent them.

Question 19

A solution obtained through mediation is legally binding.

Question 20

A union insists that the organization must hire workers only if they are union members.This union is implementing a union shop.

Question 21

Over the past century,the union movement has attracted the greatest numbers of new members during times of prosperity.

Question 22

Strikebreakers are nonunion workers hired to do the jobs of striking workers.

Question 23

Which of the following is a form of union security where an employer is allowed to hire only union members?

A) closed shop
B) union shop
C) agency shop
D) open shop
E) voluntary shop

Question 24

Grievance is an informal complaint made to the immediate supervisor.

Question 25

Union security refers to the measures that ________.

A) protect a union's right to represent workers
B) provide democratic rights within unions
C) protect employees' freedom of speech
D) disallow compulsory union membership
E) protect businesses against strikes imposed by unions

Question 26

Seniority refers to the ________.

A) length of time someone has worked for his or her current employer
B) skills that an employee has acquired over a period of time
C) present productivity level of an employee
D) lifetime productivity value of an employee
E) total compensation and benefits offered to an employee

Question 27

The ________ of 1959 protects union members' rights and limits the potential for corruption by union officials.

A) National Labor Relations Act
B) Norris-La Guardia Act
C) Landrum-Griffith Act
D) Wagner Act
E) Labor-Management Relations Act

Question 28

Labor unions ________.

A) form contracts to spell out formal procedures for disciplining
B) will lead to lower employee compensation levels
C) give more importance to skills than seniority
D) are fully sponsored by the employers
E) cause a significant improvement in organizational productivity

Question 29

Typically,labor unions seek to protect employee interests by ________.

A) negotiating with employers for better wages and benefits
B) funding skill-improvement programs for employees
C) indirectly working to improve working conditions
D) providing annual bonuses and benefits to employees
E) indirectly involving in salary negotiations with the employer

Question 30

________ is a legislation passed in 1947 that addressed many concerns raised by business owners and shifted the balance of power back to business owners.

A) Labor-Management Reporting Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Norris-La Guardia Act
D) Landrum-Griffin Act
E) Labor-Management Relations Act

Question 31

________ are a common element of labor contracts and specify such things as the tasks certain employees are required to do or are forbidden to do.

A) Compensation definition
B) Work rules
C) Authorization cards
D) Employee certificates
E) Productivity certificates

Question 32

The Labor-Management Relations Act ________.

A) restricts employees' freedom of speech and outlaws promotional activities of unionization
B) guarantees the right of employees not to join or support unions
C) allows unions to strike for creating new jobs for union workers
D) gives employers the right to stop strikes and protests at the workplace
E) restricts employers' freedom of speech to dissuade workers from voting for unionization

Question 33

________ is a legislation passed in 1935 that established labor relations policies and procedures for most sectors of private industry.

A) Labor-Management Relations Act
B) National Labor Relations Act
C) Norris-La Guardia Act
D) Landrum-Griffin Act
E) Labor-Management Reporting Act

Question 34

Progressive discipline usually starts with a written warning or a suspension without pay.

Question 35

Which of the following is a disadvantage of becoming a union member?

A) Unions give little importance to the length of time someone has worked.
B) Unions do not promote formal procedures for disciplining employees.
C) Unions often force employees to help fund political activities.
D) Unions do not have any impact in determining the work rules.
E) Unions do not provide tangible and measurable benefits to employees.

Question 36

Albert's union follows voice vote instead of the secret ballot method for elections.Albert feels that this leads to biased elections.Albert can sue the union to stop this practice by using the ________ Act.

A) National Labor Relations
B) Wagner
C) Norris-La Guardia
D) Labor-Management Relations
E) Labor-Management Reporting

Question 37

________ Act was formed in 1932 to limit companies' ability to obtain injunctions against union strikes,picketing,membership drives,and other activities.

A) Labor-Management Reporting
B) Landrum-Griffin
C) National Labor Relations
D) Norris-La Guardia
E) Labor-Management Relations

Question 38

The term unfair labor practices refers to unlawful acts made by either unions or management.

Question 39

The Wagner Act ________.

A) allowed employers to limit the employees' rights to organize
B) required employers to bargain in good faith with unions
C) led to a major fall in union membership in the United States
D) was widely welcomed by employers and employees alike
E) did not have a significant impact on the balance of power in U.S. industry

Question 40

Which of the following is an advantage of labor unions?

A) Labor unions do not involve in direct negotiations with the management.
B) Most unions do not collect money from the members.
C) Most unions are not related to political activities.
D) Labor unions promote skill-based pay systems and promotions.
E) Union members receive greater benefits compared to nonunion employees.

Question 41

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)certifies a union if ________.

A) thirty percent of the employees favor certification
B) a union wins certification election
C) it receives a union petition from employees
D) a union is conducting a decertification election
E) it receives a request from 30 percent of the employees for a collective bargaining

Question 42

Which of the following refers to a negotiation between union and management negotiators to forge the human resources policies that will apply to all employees covered by a contract?

A) collective bargaining
B) grievance procedure
C) product negotiation
D) progressive discipline
E) grievance negotiation

Question 43

A labor contract is ________.

A) an agreement between employers for labor arrangements
B) formed when negotiations are not initiated by unions
C) a labor union contract for managerial staff
D) often used as a synonym for collective bargaining
E) a contract signed by employees who are not part of the union

Question 44

Andrew joins a company as a production worker.The Human Resource department informs him that he has to be a part of the company's labor union within six months in order to continue working in the company.Identify the union security measure that the company is following.

A) agency shop
B) open shop
C) closed shop
D) union shop
E) voluntary shop

Question 45

Union members take a decertification vote to ________.

A) have membership in more than one union
B) increase the scope of a union's objectives
C) demand a pay hike from the employer
D) increase the strength of an industrial union
E) take away a union's right to represent them

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of an industrial union?

A) a union that provides membership only to those with a specific skill
B) a union of electrical workers in the United States
C) a union of engineers across the world
D) a union that gives membership only to salespeople in an industry
E) a union that represents all the employees of a manufacturing company

Question 47

Employees in one of the plants of a leather manufacturing company form a labor union to represent all employees of the plant.The union does not give membership to employees of other plants and is not associated with any political party or other union.This union is an example of a ________ union.

A) geographic
B) local
C) craft
D) national
E) skill-based

Question 48

Identify the action that is typically taken after a company has recognized a union.

A) union petition filing
B) NLRB inspection
C) collective bargaining
D) certification election
E) decertification election

Question 49

Craft unions offer membership to workers ________.

A) who are not directly employed
B) with a specific skill
C) of the same age
D) with the same seniority
E) with a part-time membership

Question 50

Local unions represent employees ________.

A) who have membership in many industrial unions
B) with a specific skill or ability
C) who work in more than one country
D) in a specific geographic area or facility
E) who do not have a formal union membership

Question 51

In a(n)________,employees don't have to be members when they are hired,but they must join the union within a specified period of time.

A) open shop
B) union shop
C) closed shop
D) agency shop
E) voluntary shop

Question 52

If a union is certified,the employer is then required to negotiate with the union for at least a period of ________.

A) six months
B) five years
C) one year
D) three years
E) three months

Question 53

National unions ________.

A) do not have the power to negotiate with individual companies
B) are composed of many local unions
C) are not bounded by geographical restrictions
D) do not undertake their own membership activities
E) are open to members who have a specific set of skills

Question 54

Which of the following statements is TRUE of a certification election?

A) Such elections are not bound by NLRB guidelines.
B) It is usually carried out using a voice vote.
C) It can be conducted only if at least 30 percent of the employees agree.
D) It can be conducted only if the management gives approval.
E) Employees sharing different working conditions are allowed to vote.

Question 55

Alfa Electrical is a firm that manufactures electrical products.The employees believe that they are not being paid adequately and decide to form a union.More than seventy percent of the employees issue authorization cards for forming a union,but the management refuses to accept the union.In order to form a union in this company,the employees ________.

A) must obtain support of all the employees in the organization
B) should form an informal union and function for more than a year
C) must obtain support of at least 75 percent of the employees
D) should petition the NLRB to remove the management from authority
E) should petition the NLRB to conduct a secret-ballot certification election

Question 56

In a(n)________,employees aren't required to join the union but must pay the equivalent of union dues.

A) closed shop
B) open shop
C) agency shop
D) union shop
E) permanent shop

Question 57

Norman is working in a bottled water production unit.Norman's company is unionized,but he has not joined the union.However,every year he pays an amount equivalent to the union's annual fee.Norman's company is using a(n)________.

A) permanent shop
B) closed shop
C) agency shop
D) union shop
E) open shop

Question 58

The members of local unions are informally known as the ________.

A) internal-card
B) advocate
C) lobbyist
D) activist
E) rank-and-file

Question 59

Authorization cards are ________.

A) cards signed by employees to indicate interest in having a union represent them
B) cards issued by employers to distinguish the members of a union
C) documents issued by unions to employees when awarding membership
D) cards issued by employers to the employees who are not part of any union
E) cards signed by employees to indicate that they have attended a union meeting

Question 60

Caltrex Manufacturing is a firm that manufactures surgical equipment.The company is unionized and has only one union.The union insists that all the individuals should become a member of the union before being hired by the company.This is an example of a(n)________.

A) intermediate shop
B) union shop
C) agency shop
D) open shop
E) closed shop

Question 61

Arbex Manufacturing allows its employees to file formal complaints against the managers,managerial actions,and violations of agreements.Employees are required to fill out a form to file a complaint.Such complaints are called ________.

A) collective bargains
B) injunctions
C) grievances
D) arbitrations
E) disciplining procedures

Question 62

________ is a temporary work stoppage aimed at forcing management to accept union demands.

A) Arbitration
B) Boycott
C) Lockout
D) Strike
E) Injunction

Question 63

Which of the following is a valid observation of arbitrators?

A) Arbitrators usually represent the management rather than the union.
B) Collective bargaining contracts must specify a permanent arbitrator.
C) Most arbitrators are chosen on a case-by-case basis.
D) Most decisions by arbitrators are not legally binding.
E) Arbitrators usually represent the union rather than the management.

Question 64

The term strikebreakers refers to ________.

A) injunctions issued by the employer to break strikes
B) nonunion workers hired during strikes
C) lawsuits filed against striking employees
D) lawsuits filed against striking unions
E) striking employees who are not in favor of the strike

Question 65

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the long-term trends observed in organized labor?

A) Labor unions have become stronger in private sector than in public sector.
B) Businesses have become tolerant to unionization in workplaces.
C) The trend has been against unions in the private sector.
D) Unions have been eradicated fully from the public sector.
E) Labor unions have become stronger in both public and private sectors.

Question 66

Labor unions place a high priority on ________.

A) increasing organizational productivity
B) engaging in disciplining procedures
C) recruiting and retaining members
D) keeping operational costs low
E) attaining operational flexibility in the organization

Question 67

Which of the following statements is TRUE of employee grievance?

A) Labor unions cannot file grievances on employees' behalf.
B) Only profound complaints can be filed as grievances.
C) Employee grievances are informal in nature.
D) Grievance procedures are not followed by escalations.
E) Most collective bargaining agreements specify procedures for filing grievances.

Question 68

________ is a union weapon where union members and sympathizers refuse to buy or handle the product of a target company.

A) Injunction
B) Lockout
C) Strike
D) Boycott
E) Arbitration

Question 69

In collective bargaining,a mediator is a(n)________.

A) committee comprising many employees
B) impartial third party
C) financial intermediary
D) representative of the union
E) representative of management

Question 70

Robert Plantations has more than 500 employees.The employees announce a strike to pressure the management to provide a salary hike.However,the management is defiant and thinks that the salaries are adequate for the job that employees are doing.The management uses replacement workers to detriment the strike.In this case,the management is using ________ to put pressure on employees.

A) strikebreakers
B) publicity campaigns
C) boycott
D) lockout
E) reverse strike

Question 71

________ is an escalating process of discipline that gives employees several opportunities to correct performance problems before being terminated.

A) Collective bargaining
B) Labor relation
C) Progressive discipline
D) Grievance procedure
E) Total quality management

Question 72

Which of the following terms refers to a court order that requires one side in a dispute to refrain from or engage in a particular action?

A) injunction
B) boycott
C) lockout
D) arbitration
E) infringement

Question 73

A new union is formed through a certification election in Alberco Manufacturing.The company and the union fail to reach an agreement in collective bargaining.Both parties appoint a panel of judges to oversee the discussions and agree that the decision of the panel will be binding.This solution is an example of ________.

A) grievance procedure
B) arbitration
C) mediation
D) injunction suit
E) decertification

Question 74

One of the key differences between arbitration and the civil justice system is that in arbitration the ________.

A) arbitration cannot be used for alternative dispute resolution
B) employer gets preference over the employee union
C) union and the employer get to select the arbitrator
D) employee union gets preference over the employer
E) decisions made through arbitration are not legally binding

Question 75

Dorco Cycles is a leading manufacturer of sports bicycles.The company has not revised employee benefits for a long time now.The labor union representatives interacted with the management a number of times to increase the wages,but the company maintained that it is not in good shape to offer a pay hike.The union finally decides to stop work for a week to pressure management.This is an example of a(n)________.

A) arbitration
B) strike
C) boycott
D) lockout
E) injunction

Question 76

Corgo Inc.is a manufacturer of personal care products.It manufactures such products as cosmetics,soaps,and toothpastes.The company has more than 4000 workers.In order to pressure the company to give a pay hike,the labor union asks the employees to avoid buying the company's products for their own families and relatives.This tactic is known as ________.

A) injunction
B) lockout
C) strike
D) boycott
E) arbitration

Question 77

Lothex Manufacturing is a firm that produces automobile accessories such as seat belts,leather seats,and cushions.The company has a collective bargaining agreement with the labor union and the contract has specified steps for punishing employees.The firm has to give a warning to an employee for his or her first offence.The employer can issue a suspension if the employee commits the mistake again and the employee is terminated on committing the mistake for a third time.This is an example of ________.

A) employee mediation
B) progressive discipline
C) labor arbitration
D) grievance procedure
E) total quality management

Question 78

Progressive discipline usually starts with a(n)________.

A) suspension without pay
B) oral warning
C) written warning
D) reduction in pay
E) suspension with pay

Question 79

Which of the following is a key difference between mediation and arbitration?

A) Mediation involves a third party, whereas arbitration is performed without third parties.
B) Arbitrators give suggestions, whereas mediators give directives.
C) Mediation is compulsory, whereas arbitration is voluntary in nature.
D) Arbitration provides a legally binding settlement, whereas mediation is not binding.
E) Mediation has a win-lose orientation, whereas arbitration has a win-win orientation.

Question 80

Which of the following terms refers to a formal complaint against an employer?

A) arbitration
B) boycott
C) grievance
D) mediation
E) injunction