Deck 11: Interest Groups Interest Groups

Question 1

 During the 1830s and 1840s,the number of religious associations 

A) increased sharply. 
B) declined slightly. 
C) rejected American style government. 
D) supported American style government. 
E) advocated for the Whig party.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

 Organizations that attract members by appealing to a coherent set of usually controversial principles are called 

A) political parties. 
B) pressure groups. 
C) splinter groups. 
D) ideological interest groups. 
E) out-party groups.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

 Which of the following is a behavior of public interest law firms? 

A) They file lawsuits on behalf of people who have been harmed by some public or private policy.  
B) They lobby elected officials to change laws in ways favorable to the law firm and its clients. 
C) They support candidates for office and support their lawyers to be judges. 
D) They raise money for issue advertisements during campaigns. 
E) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

 Many of the best known and largest interest groups,such as the Anti-Defamation League and the Chamber of Commerce,formed in the 

A) first two decades of the 19th century. 
B) last two decades of the 19th century. 
C) first two decades of the 20th century. 
D) 1860s and 1870s. 
E) 1960s and 1970s.

Question 5

 The growth of numerous public-interest lobbies in the 1960s was an example of interest groups that formed as a result of 

A) government policy. 
B) the emergence of talented leadership. 
C) the enlargement of governmental responsibilities. 
D) broad economic developments. 
E) legislative capitulation.

Question 6

 In 2016,interest groups spent over __________ on lobbying. 

A) $1 billion 
B) $2 billion 
C) $800 million 
D) $3 billion 
E) $5 billion

Question 7

 Which interest group is an example of an institutional interest? 

A) League of Women Voters 
B) Boy Scouts 
C) Sierra Club 
D) National Association of Counties 
E) National Rifle Association

Question 8

 The reason Americans participate in civic associations more frequently than do citizens of other countries is 

A) Americans' greater dissatisfaction with the government. 
B) Americans' more intense attachment to parties. 
C) Americans' European heritage. 
D) the fact that Americans are less sensitive to the free-rider problem. 
E) Americans' sense of political efficacy and civic duty.

Question 9

 Members of a farm bureau are most likely to have joined as a result of _________ incentives. 

A) solidary 
B) concurrent 
C) purposive 
D) party 
E) material

Question 10

 Interest groups are an important way for people to have their voices heard because of  

A) the large size and diversity of our country. 
B) the centralizing effects of our Constitution. 
C) the small number of nonprofit organizations. 
D) the strength of our political parties. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 11

 The organizational entrepreneurs who found interest groups tend to be 

A) young. 
B) involved in a social movement. 
C) drawn to the need for change. 
D) inspired by some kind of doctrine. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 12

 Americans are more likely to join _________ than are citizens of other democracies. 

A) labor unions 
B) business and trade associations 
C) charitable organizations 
D) religious and civic associations 
E) professional organizations

Question 13

 A person who tries to influence legislation on behalf of an interest group is known as a(n) 

A) free rider. 
B) liberal. 
C) lobbyist. 
D) organizational strategist. 
E) campaigner.

Question 14

 Which is an example of an organized interest group? 

A) Chamber of Commerce 
B) Adults over 18 
C) Democratic Party 
D) Green Party 
E) Students

Question 15

 PACs are created by __________ groups. 

A) business 
B) labor union 
C) trade association 
D) ideological 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 16

 The formation of antislavery organizations during the 1830s and 1840s was an example of interest groups that formed as a result of 

A) government policy. 
B) the emergence of talented leadership. 
C) the enlargement of governmental responsibilities. 
D) broad economic developments. 
E) legislative capitulation.

Question 17

 The activity of lobbyists is protected by the __________ Amendment. 

A) First 
B) Second  
C) Fifth  
D) Tenth  
E) Fourteenth 

Question 18

 Which of the following is true of most people who are sympathetic to the aims of a mass-membership interest group? 

A) They do not join it. 
B) They join it but do not pay dues. 
C) They join it, pay dues, but do not participate in its activities. 
D) They join it, pay dues, and participate in its activities. 
E) They join it but participate without paying dues.

Question 19

 The launching of the Chamber of Commerce was an example of an interest group that formed as a result of 

A) government policy. 
B) the emergence of talented leadership. 
C) the enlargement of governmental responsibilities. 
D) broad economic developments. 
E) legislative capitulation.

Question 20

 People who join interest groups for a sense of pleasure,status,or companionship are joining because of 

A) solidary incentives. 
B) material incentives. 
C) purposive incentives. 
D) party incentives. 
E) concurrent incentives.

Question 21

 A Think Tank is an example of a(n) 

A) solidary organization. 
B) material organization. 
C) ideological interest group. 
D) public-interest lobby. 
E) purposive organization.

Question 22

 Today,about __________ of American workers are covered by unions. 

A) 11 percent 
B) 20 percent 
C) 35 percent 
D) 47 percent 
E) 52 percent

Question 23

 Which of the following would probably have the most difficulty raising money? 

A) A lobbying organization representing a nonprofit organization 
B) A lobbying organization representing a for-profit organization 
C) A membership organization relying on appeals to purpose 
D) A membership organization relying on solidary incentives 
E) A lobbying organization representing a collection of Fortune 500 companies

Question 24

 The League of Women Voters is an example of a feminist organization whose membership incentives are primarily 

A) material. 
B) purposive. 
C) concurrent. 
D) ideological. 
E) solidary.

Question 25

 Since 1983,labor unions membership has declined due to 

A) a shift away from industrial production toward service delivery. 
B) an increase in public service unions. 
C) a loss of America's economic influence abroad. 
D) federal regulations banning unions. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 26

 Most issues lobbied in Congress are lobbied by 

A) only one or two lobbyists. 
B) dozens of lobbyists. 
C) hundreds of lobbyists. 
D) thousands of lobbyists. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 27

 Every organization that benefits other people,even if they are not part of the organization,suffers the __________ problem. 

A) public good 
B) incentive 
C) ideology 
D) free rider 
E) control

Question 28

 The Dakota Access Pipeline project was opposed primarily by  

A) conservatives. 
B) Think Thanks. 
C) union leaders. 
D) feminist activists. 
E) environmental activists.

Question 29

 The dominant players in the lobbying market are  

A) universities. 
B) social justice organizations. 
C) business organizations. 
D) environmental organizations. 
E) Think Tanks.

Question 30

 Purposive incentives are most likely to motivate people who join  

A) the Illinois Farm Bureau. 
B) NARAL Pro-Choice America 
C) parent-teacher associations (PTAs). 
D) a parent-teacher associations (PTA). 
E) the Rotary Club.

Question 31

 The single most important activity of interest groups,in the eyes of many lobbyists and academic students of lobbying,is 

A) delivering large numbers of protestors. 
B) supplying credible information. 
C) providing financial resources. 
D) interacting with the media. 
E) providing public relations.

Question 32

 Interest groups use ratings as a 

A) measure of success in their lobbying. 
B) measure of how liberal or conservative a legislator is. 
C) political cue. 
D) way to find political allies with other interest groups. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 33

 A benefit that comes from serving a cause or principle is known as a(n)__________ incentive. 

A) solidary 
B) material 
C) purposive 
D) ideological 
E) special interest

Question 34

 Which type of organization would be the least likely to take a firm stance on abortion? 

A) an organization with lobbyists in Washington 
B) an organization arising from a social movement 
C) a material organization 
D) a purposive organization 
E) a solidary organization

Question 35

 Lobbyists are restrained from misrepresenting facts or misleading legislators by 

A) the 1984 Truth-in-Lobbying Law. 
B) the open nature of the lobbying process. 
C) governmental regulatory agencies such as the FTA. 
D) the fear of losing legislators' trust and confidence. 
E) supervision of the federal courts.

Question 36

 The National Organization for Women (NOW)is an example of a feminist organization whose membership incentives are primarily 

A) material. 
B) purposive. 
C) solidary. 
D) sociological. 
E) concurrent.

Question 37

 When the purpose of the organization will benefit nonmembers,it is customary to call the group a(n) 

A) public-interest lobby. 
B) ideological interest group. 
C) political party. 
D) Think Tank. 
E) pressure group.

Question 38

 A benefit that comes from something that could be quantified in monetary terms is known as a(n)__________ incentive. 

A) solidary 
B) material 
C) purposive 
D) ideological 
E) special interest

Question 39

 Which of the following is an example of a legislator following a political cue? 

A) The legislator responding to public appeals 
B) The legislator responding to a material incentive 
C) The legislator responding to an organization due to the promise of campaign donations 
D) A liberal legislator looking to see whether the AFL-CIO favors a consumer proposal 
E) A liberal legislator asking for campaign donations

Question 40

 Which of the following statements about a social movement is generally true? 

A) The more extreme its position, the smaller its size. 
B) The more liberal its position, the larger its size. 
C) The more moderate its position, the smaller its size. 
D) The more purposive its membership incentives, the smaller its size. 
E) It can only take place when courts are open to the prospect of radical change in the law.

Question 41

 To the extent that interest-group money affects how legislators vote,it probably has the biggest impact on issues with 

A) concentrated benefits and dispersed costs. 
B) dispersed benefits and concentrated costs. 
C) concentrated benefits and costs. 
D) dispersed benefits and costs. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 42

 The lobbying firm,Cassidy and Associates,securing federal money for a university to construct a nutrition center is an example of 

A) a logroll. 
B) a dovetail. 
C) an earmark. 
D) a scratched back. 
E) a tag line.

Question 43

 Under current law,an individual must register as a lobbyist if he or she spends at least __________ of his or her time lobbying. 

A) 90 percent 
B) 70 percent 
C) 50 percent 
D) 20 percent 
E) 5 percent

Question 44

 In recent years,interest groups frequently use a grassroots lobbying strategy referred to as the __________ strategy. 

A) insider. 
B) wholesale. 
C) collective. 
D) outsider. 
E) end run.

Question 45

 Civil disobedience,rioting,strikes,and other disruptions intended to force institutions to negotiate 

A) are the last resort of extremists. 
B) have a long history in the United States, but are less common now. 
C) have a long history in the United States and have become more common recently. 
D) have only been seen since the 1960s. 
E) are not as effective.

Question 46

 The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 was __________ by the Supreme Court. 

A) expanded 
B) declared unconstitutional 
C) limited to only direct contact with members of Congress 
D) never actually reviewed 
E) amended

Question 47

 On high salience bills,lobbyists are 

A) highly influential. 
B) not likely to affect the outcome very much. 
C) very few in number. 
D) just as important as what a legislator's ideology says. 
E) only relevant if the bill is a form of client politics.

Question 48

 The scholarly evidence that political action committee (PAC)money buys votes in Congress 

A) is sketchy at best. 
B) is fairly strong but still inconclusive. 
C) is conclusive but fairly weak. 
D) is conclusive and strong but comes from biased sources. 
E) clearly documents that there is absolutely no relationship between contributions and votes.

Question 49

 The campaign finance reforms of 1973 

A) made political action committees (PACs) legal. 
B) reduced political action committee (PAC) spending. 
C) made political action committees (PACs) illegal. 
D) made it more attractive to use interest groups rather than political action committees (PACs) to finance campaigns. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 50

 The text suggests that today's lobbying laws are 

A) more lax than ever. 
B) tighter than ever. 
C) less relevant than ever. 
D) too complex to have any particular impact. 
E) completely without teeth.

Question 51

 The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 required groups and individuals seeking to influence legislation to 

A) limit their activities to seven pieces of legislation. 
B) limit their activities to either the House or the Senate. 
C) prepare and publish written statements of intent. 
D) register and file quarterly financial reports. 
E) register, file statements of intent, and limit their activities to one legislative chamber.

Question 52

 Of the following statements,which one describes earmarks? 

A) They have always existed. 
B) They became more common in the 1970s and afterward. 
C) Their expansion was prompted, in part, by the growth of the federal government. 
D) Their expansion was prompted, in part, by the efforts of lobbyists. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 53

 The more common ethical breaches between government and contractors involve 

A) outright bribery. 
B) government officials not following their own rules in negotiating best prices and then losing the records. 
C) earmarks. 
D) former government officials using their connections to get special treatment for their new employers. 
E) current government officials using their connections to get special treatment for a former employer.

Question 54

 The typical PAC spends its money 

A) in large amounts on a single candidate. 
B) in moderate amounts on a large number of candidates. 
C) exclusively on the ideological party it is closest to. 
D) on party building. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 55

 The increase in political action committees (PACs)might actually reduce the probability that members of Congress can be bought easily because 

A) there are so many restrictions on PACs. 
B) PACs have such a poor reputation among legislators. 
C) PACs are not allowed to communicate directly with members of Congress. 
D) members of Congress do not have the time to consider more than one or two points of view. 
E) money is available on every side of almost every conceivable issue.

Question 56

 A government official might leave her position and join a corporation to which she previously awarded government contracts.This is a clear example of 

A) agency lacing. 
B) government operating on its own inner logic. 
C) a conflict of interest. 
D) double dipping. 
E) the revolving door.

Question 57

 In practice,the 2007 lobbying reforms have allowed reimbursements for travel by lobbyists if 

A) the travel consists of one-day trips. 
B) the lobbyists do not initiate the trip. 
C) the lobbyists do not make the reservations. 
D) the lobbyists do not pick up incidental expenses unrelated to the visit. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 58

 One of the two fastest growing political action committees (PACs)are the __________ PACs. 

A) connected 
B) leadership  
C) corporate  
D) traditional 
E) independent 

Question 59

 The public is most likely to be interested in grassroots strategies when the policy is 

A) technical and likely to affect many people. 
B) technical and likely to affect few people. 
C) salient and likely to affect few people. 
D) highly salient and highly technical. 
E) likely to affect many people and highly salient.

Question 60

 The text suggests that the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 

A) had considerable effect. 
B) had a slight impact on lobbying activities. 
C) had little practical effect. 
D) was effective with respect to registration of lobbyists. 
E) resulted in accurate reporting of interest-group finances.

Question 61

 Lobbyists provide information about legislation that is hard to come by without expert help. 

Question 62

 The phrase revolving door refers to interest-group contributions to congressional candidates. 

Question 63

 Americans tend to join social and charitable organizations more often than do citizens of other democracies. 

Question 64

 The number of interest groups has grown rapidly since the 1960s. 

Question 65

 Today,only about 11 percent of American workers are covered by unions. 

Question 66

 Americans are more likely to join religious and political organizations than labor or business groups. 

Question 67

 Political organizations emerge automatically once government policy permits them and social circumstances seem to require them. 

Question 68

 The centralizing effects of the U.S.Constitution help promote the formation of interest groups. 

Question 69

 Civil rights is an issue on which the labor movement followed the attitudes of the rank and file in its lobbying activities. 

Question 70

 Women's organizations that attract members with purposive incentives must take strong positions on divisive issues. 

Question 71

 The First Amendment's freedom of speech and the right to petition government clauses protect the activities of interest groups. 

Question 72

 Assessments of a representative's voting record on issues important to an interest group are known as ratings. 

Question 73

 Interest groups can legally supply money to public officials who are running for office. 

Question 74

 Economic trends away from manufacturing and toward service delivery have affected union membership. 

Question 75

 Unions composed of government workers are becoming the most important part of the union movement. 

Question 76

 Solidary incentives are the sense of pleasure,status,or companionship that arises out of meeting together in small groups. 

Question 77

 Purposive organizations often have a hard time making their decisions stick at the local level. 

Question 78

 The number and size of interest groups is positively correlated to the size of government. 

Question 79

 Public-interest groups often do better when the government is in the hands of an administration that is hostile to their views. 

Question 80

 In a classic study,Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba found that citizens in Germany and Great Britain were more likely to state that they would protect an unjust regulation than citizens in the United States.