Deck 14: Emotions, Attachment, and Social Relationships

Question 1

It is most accurate to say that a parent's attachment relationship with his or her child

A)becomes firmly established before the child is born.
B)is formed during the few hours immediately following the child's birth.
C)will be seriously impaired without opportunities for prolonged contact after birth.
D)builds gradually over a period of many months.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which scenario best illustrates chumship?

A)Seventy-year-olds Kate and Ron,who have been happily married for 40 years
B)Forty-somethings Tasha and Steve,who are really enjoying their first date
C)Five-year-old Sorboni,who is on a great camping trip with her dad Pradeep
D)Third-graders Terrell and Chung,who are best friends.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true of emotions?

A)The character of emotions changes as we develop cognitively.
B)Basic emotions are culturally- and developmentally-based.
C)A neurologically-intact baby can show at least six distinct emotions at birth.
D)In general,adults cannot interpret infant emotions until the infants are 10 to 12 months old.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A college student becomes homesick during her first semester on campus.This response is most related to

A)stranger anxiety.
B)resistant attachment.
C)separation anxiety.
D)avoidant attachment.

Question 5

The most likely outcome of an infant and parent who are in synchrony is a(n)_____ infant attachment.

A)secure
B)insecure avoidant
C)insecure resistant
D)undifferentiated

Question 6

Which emotion would be considered the most advanced for an infant to exhibit?

A)Fear
B)Interest
C)Guilt
D)Sadness

Question 7

When a child has begun to monitor the reaction of someone else in order to decide how to react to an ambiguous situation,he or she is demonstrating

A)self-awareness.
B)goal correcting.
C)imprinting.
D)social referencing.

Question 8

Abdi has just realized that before his daddy goes to work in the morning,he eats breakfast in the kitchen.As a result of this realization,Abdi now goes to the kitchen as soon as he hears dad get up so that he can be near him.This behavior best exemplifies

A)goal-corrected partnership.
B)undiscriminating social responsiveness.
C)active proximity-seeking/true attachment.
D)discriminating social responsiveness.

Question 9

Assuming that these children are all developing normally,who would be most likely to have just begun to display self-conscious emotions?

A)Bob,who is 2 months old
B)Antonio,who is 18 months old
C)Celia,who is 24 months old
D)Rania,who is 4 years old

Question 10

Separation anxiety generally appears

A)at the time when infants begin to prefer human to nonhuman stimuli.
B)at the time when infants begin to express a preference for familiar people.
C)when the child forms his or her first genuine attachment.
D)toward the end of the preoperational period.

Question 11

According to Bowlby,the sensitive period for human attachment relationships typically lasts for the first three _____ after birth.

A)hours
B)days
C)months
D)years

Question 12

Two-year-old Henry has learned that whenever he is around his aunt,Katie,it is best not to show any fear because she does not react well when confronted by a fearful child.Henry's behavior best illustrates the concept of

A)avoidant attachment.
B)emotion regulation.
C)goal correction.
D)separation anxiety.

Question 13

Amanda shows a clear interest in listening to voices of humans but shows no particular preference for one person over another.Amanda is best classified as being in the _____ phase.

A)goal-corrected partnership
B)undiscriminating social responsiveness
C)active proximity-seeking/true attachment
D)discriminating social responsiveness

Question 14

Which statement best reflects the ethological perspective regarding parent/child attachments?

A)Attachments form automatically as a result of biological programming.
B)Human infants and caregivers have biological tendencies to form attachments.
C)The key to forming close attachments lies in the principles of conditioning and reinforcement.
D)Learning plays no significant role in the process of developing parent/child attachments.

Question 15

Displaying _____ would indicate the LEAST advanced level of social-cognitive ability.

A)goal-corrected partnership
B)undiscriminating social responsiveness
C)active proximity-seeking/true attachment
D)discriminating social responsiveness

Question 16

A game of peek-a-boo between a mother and her infant daughter best exemplifies the concept of

A)pretend play.
B)synchronized routine.
C)false belief.
D)induction.

Question 17

Why are internal working models important in the attachment process?

A)They are one of the few known genetic components of attachments.
B)They are the only anti-conformity element of an attachment.
C)They are the key behavioral component of attachments.
D)They are a key mechanism that allows early experience to impact later behavior.

Question 18

Baby Lonnie has begun to express delight when seeing the faces of his mom,dad,and older sister.How old is Lonnie?

A)2-6 weeks old
B)2-3 months old
C)7-8 months old
D)11-12 months or older

Question 19

Two-year-old Ellie is asked by her mother to sing a song in front of her relatives.For the first time in her life,Ellie experiences the emotion of embarrassment.Developmentalists refer to this type of emotion as a(n)_____ emotion.

A)amoral
B)primary
C)adaptive
D)self-conscious

Question 20

Two-year-old Yasmin is going to the dentist for the first time.When she first sees the dentist dressed in a long white coat,Yasmin reacts by sobbing and hugging her dad.Yasmin's reaction is best explained as involving _____ anxiety.

A)stranger
B)separation
C)contact
D)relationship

Question 21

Which behavior best exemplifies the concept of proximity maintenance with a secure attachment?

A)Becoming distressed when not near mommy
B)Attempting to keep track of mommy's location
C)Exploring away from mommy when she is present
D)Moving toward mommy if comfort is needed

Question 22

Which statement concerning the role of culture on infant attachment is true?

A)Attachment styles are universal and unaffected by culture.
B)In collectivist cultures,infants are more likely to develop autonomous behaviors.
C)Most infants raised in individualistic cultures are insecurely attached to their primary caregiver.
D)A secure attachment is best defined by cultural standards that can vary from country to country.

Question 23

Which type of infant attachment is best associated with having a parent who is abusing drugs?

A)Disorganized-disoriented
B)Resistant
C)Avoidant
D)Secure

Question 24

Regarding stranger anxiety,which statement is FALSE?

A)Stranger anxiety is less likely to occur when mom is close by.
B)Children are most wary of strangers when they are encountered in familiar surroundings.
C)Stranger anxiety is lessened when the caregiver responds positively to the stranger.
D)Stranger anxiety is affected by the appearance of the stranger.

Question 25

Addy and Kit are both playing with dolls in the doll corner.They are dressing and undressing the dolls,and pretending to feed them dinner.However,Addy and Kit do not talk to one another or involve each other in their play.This best demonstrates which type of play?

A)Associative
B)Cooperative
C)Solitary
D)Parallel

Question 26

Which of the following has been shown in cross-cultural studies of attachment?

A)Parental sensitivity and responsiveness are the critical factors across cultures.
B)Although supported in individualistic cultures,attachment theory does not appear useful in collectivist cultures.
C)Infant factors are critical in individualistic cultures and parental factors are critical in collectivist cultures.
D)There is no evidence that individualistic and collectivistic cultures differ in parenting styles.

Question 27

Regarding attachment,which is true?

A)A secure attachment to one's father can compensate for poor attachment with one's mother.
B)The quality of attachments in childhood does not predict later social competence.
C)Insecurely attached infants will have emotional problems all their lives.
D)Life events do not impact an attachment style once it has been formed.

Question 28

As an infant,Molly was securely attached to her mother and her father,and this attachment has not changed.When she enters preschool,she is most likely to

A)strenuously resist separating from her parents.
B)cling to her teacher in her parents' absence.
C)be curious and willing to explore her environment.
D)be socially immature.

Question 29

Longitudinal research on the long-term effects of having been securely attached as an infant indicates that a(n)

A)secure attachment in infancy predicted the quality of peer relationships in elementary school.
B)insecure attachment in infancy predicted the quality of one's marriage.
C)secure attachment in adolescence predicted the quality of life review near death.
D)insecure attachment in adolescence predicted college grades.

Question 30

Which statement best summarizes the effects of parent-child attachments on later development?

A)Insecurely attached infants have life-long emotional problems,even if the attachment style improves after infancy.
B)A secure relationship with one's father cannot compensate for an insecure mother-child attachment relationship.
C)A secure attachment may become insecure as a result of major stresses in the family,such as divorce or a mother returning to work.
D)An infant who is securely attached to its mother at age one appears to make that child "invulnerable to later socioemotional" difficulties.

Question 31

What is the best way to prevent the negative impacts typically found in infants raised in institutions?

A)Better physical care
B)Improved sensory stimulation
C)A stable team of caregivers
D)Designated "mother figures"

Question 32

Which is the primary distinction between associative and cooperative play?

A)Cooperative play involves activities directed toward a common goal and associative play does not.
B)Cooperative play involves sharing the same materials while associative play does not.
C)Cooperative play involves interaction between playmates while associative play does not.
D)Cooperative play emerges during the concrete-operational period while associative play emerges during preoperational thought.

Question 33

David is an 18-month old who lives with his mom Rachel and dad Carl.What attachment style does David likely have with Rachel?

A)secure
B)disorganized-disoriented
C)resistant
D)avoidant

Question 34

A(n)_____ attachment is characterized by a lack of interest in exploring,little distress when separated from the attached caregiver,and lack of contact when the caregiver returns from separation.

A)secure
B)disorganized-disoriented
C)resistant
D)avoidant

Question 35

Thomas is on the floor and highly engaged with the toy train engine that he is pushing around the track by himself.Thomas is most accurately said to be engaged in _____ play.

A)unoccupied
B)solitary
C)onlooker
D)associative

Question 36

Kono takes her one-year-old son,Chin Ho,to visit an infant-toddler program that he will soon join.Chin Ho appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore and play,even though Kono is close by.When Kono leaves the room,Chin Ho becomes extremely upset and remains that way all the time his mother is gone.When Kono returns,Chin Ho stays close to his mother,but makes it clear he does not want her to touch him or pick him up.He appears angry with Kono.This best demonstrates which sort of attachment relationship?

A)Disorganized
B)Resistant
C)Avoidant
D)Secure

Question 37

Lisa is a very high-strung,active mom.Her baby,Marie,is very laid back and calm.When Lisa bounces Marie on her knee,tickles her,and talks to her in an excited voice,Marie turns away.Lisa turns Marie back toward her,bounces her more rigorously,and continues to talk and sing loudly.Based on this pattern of behavior,it is most likely that Marie will develop ________.

A)avoidant attachment
B)stranger anxiety
C)resistant attachment
D)relational aggression

Question 38

Frieda (18 months)and her mother Callie are visiting at a friend's house.Although there are lots of toys to play with,Frieda seems disinterested.When Callie and her friend go to the kitchen for tea,Frieda appears undisturbed.Twenty minutes later,Callie returns and tries to pick Frieda up.Frieda is unresponsive and wants to get down.When put down,Frieda ignores her mother and wanders around.This best demonstrates a(n)_____ attachment relationship between Frieda and her mom.

A)disorganized-disoriented
B)resistant
C)avoidant
D)secure

Question 39

Which of the following infants is most likely to experience emotional problems later in life?

A)Robbie,who has resistant attachment
B)Maya,who has avoidant attachment
C)Montell,who has reliant attachment
D)Hae,who has disorganized-disoriented attachment

Question 40

Pam loves to play with other children.At the park,she frequently runs from the sandbox to her mommy,gives her a hug,and then runs back.When mom walks a short distance away to get some water,Pam begins to cry and runs after her.After they both get a drink,they head back toward the sandbox,with Pam running ahead to join the other children in play.Pam's attachment relationship with her mother is best described as

A)secure.
B)resistant.
C)avoidant.
D)disorganized-disoriented.

Question 41

When commenting on a rejected child,peers would be most likely to say,

A)"She's quiet but fun."
B)"He's okay most of the time."
C)"I don't like that kid."
D)"I don't know who that is."

Question 42

Which statement concerning emotional lives is true?

A)Older adults have more depressed emotional lives than young adults.
B)Negative emotions are less common in older adults than in younger adults.
C)Younger adults experience longer-lasting periods of positive emotions.
D)Older adults require large social networks to feel happy and fulfilled.

Question 43

During the _____ phase of dating,the relationship becomes the focus and romantic relationships become more personal.

A)initiation
B)status
C)affection
D)bonding

Question 44

Which statement concerning childhood friendships is FALSE?

A)Many unpopular children have at least one reciprocal friend.
B)Having a friend increases the odds of being happy.
C)Having a chum is not as good as having a friend.
D)True friends are not considered attachment figures.

Question 45

According to socioemotional selectivity theory,

A)teenagers are biologically programmed to be more conforming.
B)most older adults will conduct a life review.
C)the older we get,the more important it becomes to acquire knowledge.
D)shrinking social networks in adulthood are by choice.

Question 46

When Latrell is on his date,his main focus is on coming to see himself as a person who is capable of relating to the opposite sex in a romantic way.Given this description,Latrell appears to be in Brown's _____ dating phase.

A)initiation
B)status
C)affection
D)bonding

Question 47

Adolescents who have secure attachments with their parents have

A)higher levels of self-esteem.
B)lower levels of compassion.
C)lower levels of social competence.
D)higher levels of stranger anxiety

Question 48

Reggie has both leadership qualities and is an aggressive bully.Given this mix of characteristics,he is most likely to be rated as _____ by his peers.

A)controversial
B)rejected
C)neglected
D)average

Question 49

Which is true with regard to the effects of play on development?

A)Preschoolers who engage in considerable amounts of social pretend play tend to be more popular and more socially mature than those who do not.
B)Play contributes significantly to physical and social development,but has little impact on the development of cognitive skills.
C)While engagement in pretend play tends to stimulate creative thought processes,it tends to interfere with the development of logical thought.
D)Play contributes to the emotional development of preschoolers by helping children work through unresolved conflicts,but it detracts from children's intellectual development by keeping them from engaging in more productive academic tasks.

Question 50

Heather hangs with a group of four other girls who,just like her,all wear the trendiest fashions.According to Dunphy (1963),this group is best classified as a

A)population.
B)crowd.
C)confidant.
D)clique.

Question 51

When discussing her life,60-year-old Erica says,"I am quite happy the way I am and I see no need to go out and make new friends." This statement best fits with the basic premise of _____ theory.

A)socioemotional selectivity
B)social learning
C)resistant attachment
D)gender typing

Question 52

Molly's classmates rarely choose her as a playmate,yet she is not disliked by most of her peers.She tends to be shy and quiet,and on rare occasions when someone does ask her to play,Molly often says no and walks away.According to categories of sociometric status,Molly is best classified as

A)neglected.
B)rejected.
C)antisocial.
D)controversial.

Question 53

To Van,the most important aspect of his current romantic relationship is the fact that he is dating the head cheerleader,which means that the group he hangs out with now seems to be much "cooler" than it used to be.This description indicates that Van is best classified as being in Brown's _____ phase of dating.

A)initiation
B)status
C)affection
D)bonding

Question 54

Which behavior best illustrates social pretend play?

A)using a pail to represent a hat
B)acting out a tea party with dolls
C)playing soccer with a group of friends
D)smiling when eating a make-believe cookie

Question 55

According to Dumpy (1963),the typical developmental sequence of events in the adolescent peer group is

A)isolated unisex cliques,interaction between unisex cliques,heterosexual cliques,fully developed crowds.
B)heterosexual crowds,isolated unisex cliques,interaction between unisex cliques,groups of couples.
C)isolated heterosexual cliques,interaction between heterosexual crowds,unisex cliques,groups of couples.
D)isolated unisex groups,heterosexual crowds,interaction between heterosexual groups,groups of cliques.

Question 56

As an individual who subscribes to socioemotional selectivity theory,Darlene is most likely to believe that

A)social networks in adulthood serve no useful purpose.
B)older adults seek interactions that are emotionally meaningful.
C)older adults experience significantly more negative emotions than young adults.
D)having fewer friends in older adulthood is a sign of potential psychosis.

Question 57

During adolescence,

A)peer influences are typically negative.
B)those with friends are more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.
C)crowd affiliation has implications for social identity.
D)crowd membership is best predicted by personality factors.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT associated with "popularity" in childhood?

A)Being physically attractive
B)Being intelligent
C)Being socially competent
D)Being unassertive

Question 59

In what ways do the social networks of younger and older adults differ?

A)Middle-aged adults have more close friends than younger adults do.
B)Old people feel more need to receive social stimulation.
C)Younger adults have broader social networks than middle-aged adults.
D)Older adults interact more frequently with acquaintances.

Question 60

Which question would you be most likely to find on a sociometric assessment?

A)What makes you feel sad?
B)Does mommy make you feel safe?
C)Do you feel good about yourself?
D)Which classmate do you really like?

Question 61

When Carlos is describing his relationship with Gisele,he says,"It's got everything: sexual attraction,trust and respect,and we know that we are both in it for the long haul." This description indicates that their relationship is most accurately described as involving _____ love.

A)consummate
B)fatuous
C)infatuation
D)companionate

Question 62

Paul was never really a fan of infants or kids.While he was happy that his wife Lucia was pregnant,he worried that he wouldn't feel thrilled to be a parent.But when he first saw their son Donte in the delivery room,he was overcome with a rush of emotion and felt love like he never had before.What likely played a role in Paul's response?

A)prostaglandin
B)oxytocin
C)testosterone
D)cortisol

Question 63

With her divorce finalized,Madalena is ready to start dating again.What will be her priority in seeking a new mate?

A)physical attractiveness
B)finances
C)education
D)similarity

Question 64

When asked to describe himself,Dewayne says,"I don't need people,I don't need relationships,I am fine on my own." This attitude best fits with the _____ model of self.

A)secure
B)dismissing
C)preoccupied
D)fearful

Question 65

Attachment is a critical element of our social functioning throughout our lives,and begins with the parents who welcomed us into the world.How old is an infant when this attachment forms?

A)a few minutes
B)a couple weeks
C)several months
D)nearly a year

Question 66

Which of the following sayings best reflects the concept of homogamy in mate selection?

A)You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
B)Opposites attract.
C)Beauty is only skin deep.
D)Birds of a feather flock together

Question 67

Companionate love is best characterized by

A)high levels of intimacy,commitment,and passion.
B)high levels of intimacy and commitment,but low levels of passion.
C)high levels of commitment and passion,but low levels of intimacy.
D)high levels of passion,but low levels of intimacy and passion.

Question 68

Piaget believed that peers serve an important role in teaching children how to function effectively with others because these relationships are ________.

A)gender-based
B)age-based
C)optional
D)passionate

Question 69

When asked to describe himself,Nathan says,"I really don't like myself.I really don't like other people.On the other hand,it would be nice to meet someone but I don't really know how to do that." This attitude best fits with the _____ model of self.

A)secure
B)dismissing
C)preoccupied
D)fearful

Question 70

According to Sullivan,which of the following critical benefits does a chumship provide for a child?

A)validation
B)referencing
C)status
D)mentoring

Question 71

Latoya thinks she should wait a while before taking her son Randy to church again.Last week an elderly woman tripped on her way to the altar and Randy pointed and laughed at her! She was mortified at his lack of self-control.What rule did Randy break in church?

A)hedonic expression
B)strange situation
C)emotional display
D)relational aggression

Question 72

The notion that potential romantic partnerships begin with both individuals looking for external similarities in their partner (e.g. ,race,education,socioeconomic status),then eventually looking for similarity of inner qualities (e.g. ,values,beliefs)and if both comparative phases are successful,the relationship may continue best fits with the _____ theory of mate selection.

A)psychoanalytic
B)triangular
C)social-learning
D)filter

Question 73

Which statement is FALSE?

A)For older individuals,"old friends are the best friends."
B)The quality of an adult's social relationships is closely related to a sense of well-being.
C)Older people are relatively unconcerned with equity issues in friendships.
D)For most married people,spouses are the most important confidant.

Question 74

Which of the following terms best describes the process of forming attachments in humans?

A)automatic
B)unitary
C)biological
D)interactive

Question 75

Xenia is a famous punk performance artist who is known for only wearing clothes made out of metal or vinyl.After her baby is born,she might need to change her wardrobe to avoid creating an insecure attachment due to a lack of ________.

A)imprint media
B)tactile bonding
C)bodily warmth
D)contact comfort

Question 76

According to Bowlby,the underlying drive for infants and parents to form attachments is ________.

A)affection
B)security
C)survival
D)contact

Question 77

For some reason,16-year-old Hernani doesn't like to push away or resolve negative feelings - especially if they occur simultaneously with positive feelings.Why does Hernani likely act this way?

A)He is in a strange situation.
B)He is emotionally conflicted.
C)He has an insecure attachment.
D)He likes taking on the challenge.

Question 78

What is the highest level of peer interaction that infants can attain by age 2?

A)reciprocal exchange
B)friendship
C)turn-taking
D)chumship

Question 79

In terms of regulating moods and emotions,Sarah would be considered contrahedonic.How old is Sarah?

A)17
B)29
C)42
D)61

Question 80

Which statement best describes results from research on adults' internal working models of self?

A)Early attachment styles have little bearing on love relationships.
B)Internal working models predict the capacity for exploration in adulthood.
C)There appears to be little intergenerational transmission of attachment styles.
D)Internal working models are not subject to revision.