Deck 5: Body, Brain, and Health

Question 1

The greater ability of adults to integrate thoughts and emotions may be attributable to

A)increased production of androgens
B)progressive myelination
C)decreased production of growth hormone
D)alterations in brain stem structures

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Maggie was born with a pituitary gland that did not produce enough growth hormone,and her parents opted not to have the condition treated.Now that Maggie is an adult,what is her likely height?

A)4 feet
B)4 feet 6 inches
C)5 feet
D)5 feet 6 inches

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Androgens do all of the following EXCEPT

A)trigger the adolescent growth spurt.
B)contribute to sexual motivation in adulthood.
C)cause ovulation in women.
D)trigger the development of male sex organs.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The endocrine glands

A)secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
B)secrete neurotransmitters into the brain.
C)are instrumental in producing myelin,which protects the neurons.
D)transmit information from the sensory organs to the brain.

Question 5

Neurons communicate with one another

A)by releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse.
B)by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
C)through the pituitary gland.
D)using androgens.

Question 6

A researcher says,"The video you are about to watch contains scenes of neurogenesis." As such,you should expect to see

A)the creation of new neurons.
B)the migration of neurons.
C)the pruning of neurons.
D)the differentiation of neurons.

Question 7

Catch-up growth is most likely to occur

A)in males.
B)following hormone replacement therapy.
C)during late puberty.
D)following a period of malnutrition or illness.

Question 8

As a result of an earlier brain injury,the right hemisphere of Glenn's brain will sometimes "pitch in" and provide assistance when his left hemisphere cannot process language.Where does this information cross between the hemispheres?

A)pons
B)hippocampus
C)brain stem
D)corpus callosum

Question 9

Which best exemplifies the concept of brain plasticity?

A)The fact that the brain changes in response to experience
B)The fact that a rat brain has the same basic components as a human brain
C)The fact that,due to hormonal differences,the male brain is smaller than the female brain
D)The fact that the brain is built on a plan that is genetically determined

Question 10

Dimitri loves to climb to the top of very high locations with no safety equipment,where he takes selfies to share with his high school friends.Dimitri's dangerous daredevil antics are likely due to a lack of development in the

A)somatosensory cortex.
B)occipital lobe.
C)prefrontal cortex.
D)temporal lobe.

Question 11

During his second year of life,Titus suffered a long and severe illness that left him well below his expected weight and height.After recovering from the illness,Titus suddenly experienced rapid gains in both height and weight.This event is best explained by

A)plasticity.
B)the proximodistal principle.
C)catch-up growth.
D)the secular trend.

Question 12

Myelin is important to the nervous system because it

A)transmits neural impulses from the brain to the body.
B)directs the release of hormones from the endocrine glands.
C)increases the transmission speed of neural impulses.
D)is where memories are stored.

Question 13

Jill came tumbling down the hill and sustained a serious head injury.As a result,her language skills have been seriously impaired.Which part of Jill's brain was most likely damaged?

A)Left hemisphere
B)Right hemisphere
C)Hypothalamus
D)Brain stem

Question 14

Maya was born with a thyroid deficiency that was not diagnosed as such until she was three years old.What is the likely outcome for Maya?

A)Maya will have some level of intellectual disability.
B)There will be no long-lasting effects with treatment.
C)Maya will grow to be over 6 feet tall.
D)Maya will become blind and deaf.

Question 15

Which of the following characterizes the typical aging brain?

A)Degeneration only
B)Plasticity only
C)Both degeneration and plasticity
D)Neither degeneration nor plasticity

Question 16

When has the brain's developmental process generally concluded?

A)around age 12
B)around age 27
C)around age 19
D)never

Question 17

Melissa is 15 years old.All of her friends have become notably "adolescent" in appearance.They have pubic hair and underarm hair and have experienced the "adolescent growth spurt." Melissa has no pubic or underarm hair,and still looks much more like a young girl than an adolescent.The most likely culprit for Melissa's plight is a malfunction of the

A)central nervous system.
B)ovaries.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thyroid.

Question 18

The right brain hemisphere

A)controls the right side of the body and is skilled at sequential processing.
B)controls the left side of the body and is skilled at sequential processing.
C)controls the right side of the body and is skilled at simultaneous processing.
D)controls the left side of the body and is skilled at simultaneous processing.

Question 19

Lateralization refers to the

A)specialization of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.
B)organizational structure of the peripheral nervous system.
C)plasticity of the spinal cord.
D)number of neurons produced during prenatal development.

Question 20

Hector's parents are both left-handed,so the probability that Hector will be left-handed is closest to

A)25%.
B)50%.
C)75%.
D)100%.

Question 21

Which is the best example of cephalocaudal development?

A)Infant gains control over the arms before the hands.
B)Infant can sit up before it can walk.
C)Infant can roll over before it can grasp a small object.
D)Infant can hear before it can see.

Question 22

Colleen is playing a guessing game at a friend's baby shower.If Colleen correctly guesses the birth weight and length of her friend's newborn,she will win a great prize.Based on typical full-term newborn size in the United States,Colleen's best guess would be

A)5 pounds and 15 inches.
B)5 pounds and 17 inches.
C)7 pounds and 17 inches.
D)7 pounds and 20 inches.

Question 23

Which reflex evolves into the startle reflex?

A)Moro
B)Babinski
C)rooting
D)grasping

Question 24

A reflex is best described as

A)unlearned and voluntary.
B)learned and voluntary.
C)unlearned and involuntary.
D)learned and involuntary.

Question 25

According to the orthogenetic principle,growth

A)occurs from the inside to the outside.
B)occurs in a head-to-toe direction.
C)is increasingly distinct and organized.
D)consists of gains and losses.

Question 26

The human developmental journey from zygote to a collection of specialized organs demonstrates the _____ principle.

A)orthogenetic
B)proximodistal
C)cephalocaudal
D)reality

Question 27

The aging brain may compensate for losses by increased activity in the

A)limbic system
B)prefrontal cortex
C)cerebellum
D)corpus callosum

Question 28

When lying flat,babies can hold their heads up before they can lift their hips or legs.This illustrates the _____ direction of growth.

A)cephalocaudal
B)cephalodistal
C)proximodistal
D)proximocaudal

Question 29

Cephalocaudal development proceeds from

A)head toward tail.
B)body to limbs.
C)brain to behavior.
D)legs to arms.

Question 30

Infants can flail their arms around before they can move their hands and fingers with any precision.This illustrates the _____ direction of growth.

A)cephalocaudal
B)cephalodistal
C)proximodistal
D)proximocaudal

Question 31

The leading cause of death during the first year of life is

A)congenital malformations.
B)cancer.
C)accidental injury.
D)infection.

Question 32

Proximodistal development proceeds from the

A)head toward the tail.
B)body to the limbs.
C)brain to behavior.
D)legs to the arms.

Question 33

Molly strokes the bottom of her baby Martin's foot and watches his toes fan out and then curl.Martin is exhibiting the _____ reflex.

A)Babinski
B)Moro
C)Palmer
D)stepping

Question 34

When he was born,Tran demonstrated a wide range of reflexes.Which will disappear first as Tran matures?

A)Grasping reflex
B)Swallowing reflex
C)Pupillary reflex
D)Breathing reflex

Question 35

The defining feature of a survival reflex is that it

A)has clear adaptive value.
B)is linked to eating.
C)is learned in the first three months after birth.
D)does not fade with age.

Question 36

If Ahmad is an average child,he will have achieved half his adult height around his _____ birthday.

A)second
B)third
C)fourth
D)fifth

Question 37

Which of the following is the best definition of a reflex?

A)A behavior that has been repeated over and over
B)An automatic response to stimulus
C)A voluntary muscle movement
D)The first type of sense developed after birth

Question 38

Montell is an average newborn.If he sleeps for 12 hours a day,how much of this time will be REM sleep?

A)9 hours
B)6 hours
C)4 hours
D)10 hours

Question 39

Infants may spend so much time in REM sleep because REM sleep is

A)needed for the formation of a strong id.
B)important for learning and memory processes.
C)critical for normal muscle and reflex development.
D)necessary to ensure the infant continues to breathe during sleep.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a survival reflex?

A)The breathing reflex
B)The sucking reflex
C)The toe-fanning reflex
D)The eye-blink reflex

Question 41

Which of the following typical adolescent females growing up in the United States would have most recently achieved her adult height?

A)14-year-old Meg
B)16-year-old Inez
C)18-year-old Sasha
D)20-year-old Halima

Question 42

The greatest long-term negative impact of being an early-maturing female involves an increased risk of

A)poorer academic performance.
B)engaging in risky behaviors
C)athletic injury.
D)being unpopular with peers.

Question 43

Over the past 100 years or so,people in industrialized societies have been maturing earlier,as well as growing heavier and taller than in the past.This phenomenon is referred to as the

A)dynamic systems approach.
B)rhythmic stereotype.
C)cephalocaudal principle.
D)secular trend.

Question 44

At two months after conception,your head makes up half of your total body length,but at adulthood,it is only 12% to 13% of your height.Which principle does this illustrate?

A)proximodistal
B)biogenetic
C)cephalocaudal
D)orthogenetic

Question 45

Which behavior is most difficult for a child to perform?

A)Walking in a straight line
B)Hopping on one foot
C)Hitting a ball with a bat
D)Tapping a pen

Question 46

Children whose parents are less educated are more likely to

A)get needed immunizations.
B)experience poor health.
C)exercise outside.
D)have healthy weights.

Question 47

As a typical adolescent growing up in the United States,Miguel would most likely achieve his peak RATE of growth for height around _____ years of age.

A)10.5
B)12
C)13.5
D)15

Question 48

Which reflex adapts the visual system to low illumination?

A)pupillary 
B)rooting
C)blinking
D)Moro

Question 49

Rajon is a typical American fourth grader.How much of his waking hours are spent sedentary?

A)43%
B)53%
C)63%
D)73%

Question 50

The mark of sexual maturation for a boy that is most comparable to menarche for a girl is

A)a deepening of the voice.
B)the first ejaculation of seminal fluid.
C)the appearance of pubic hair.
D)the release of androgens from the testes.

Question 51

Which groups of adolescents would likely have the greatest difficulties adjusting to the changes of puberty?

A)Late-maturing boys and early-maturing girls
B)Late-maturing boys and late-maturing girls
C)Early-maturing boys and late-maturing girls
D)Early-maturing boys and early-maturing girls

Question 52

The arms of infants and toddlers often appear stubby in relationship to the size of their trunks.Which principle does this illustrate?

A)cephalocaudal
B)proximodistal
C)orthogenetic
D)biogenetic

Question 53

Elimination of unnecessary and unused connections between neurons is particularly important between ages

A)2 and 3 years.
B)5 to 7 years.
C)3 to 5 years.
D)7 to 15 years.

Question 54

Differences between throwing and kicking abilities of male and female children are best explained as being the result of differences in

A)size.
B)hormones.
C)practice.
D)genetics.

Question 55

If you wanted to prevent the most common cause of death of a child,you should always

A)avoid fast-food restaurants.
B)fasten the child's car seat/seat belt.
C)hide common household cleaners that could be consumed.
D)have your child inoculated.

Question 56

Nick has just experienced semenarche.Tamika has just experienced menarche.Which statement is most likely true?

A)Nick and Tamika are now fully capable of producing a child.
B)Nick is currently capable of producing a child,but Tamika is not.
C)Tamika is currently capable of producing a child,but Nick is not.
D)Neither Nick nor Tamika is fully capable of producing a child.

Question 57

Much of brain development in infancy and childhood consists of forming more

A)connections
B)neurotransmitters
C)neurons
D)ventricles

Question 58

Overall,what can we conclude about boys' and girls' body images during adolescence?

A)Girls' body images are influenced by other people's reactions to them but not to actual physical changes,while boys show the opposite pattern.
B)Both boys and girls experience puberty as an equally positive event.
C)Girls show benefits from going through puberty but not from the changes associated with their growth spurt,while boys show the opposite pattern.
D)Boys hold more positive personal body images than girls.

Question 59

How is family stress,like conflict with a stepfather,most likely to impact the timing of puberty-related issues for a girl?

A)It will result in excessive menstruation.
B)It will lead to earlier sexual maturity.
C)It will delay puberty.
D)It will have no effect on any puberty-related behaviors.

Question 60

The ability to coordinate separate body movements into a functional whole best describes the concept of

A)a differentiated response.
B)global responding.
C)an integrated response.
D)reserve capacity.

Question 61

Which of the following terms best reflects the perspective of the life-span developmental model on human health?

A)static
B)universal
C)temporal
D)integrated

Question 62

Rhonda is in fifth grade and eats on average 2,000 calories a day.About how many of these calories come from snacks that she eats?

A)200
B)500
C)400
D)1,000

Question 63

Chou was born to an unemployed teenage mother and raised in a housing project in a decaying urban neighborhood.When Chou enters school he will have difficulty due to a decreased amount of ________.

A)pruning
B)REM sleep
C)androgens
D)gray matter

Question 64

Despite being in top condition,65-year-old Lane notices that his maximum heart rate during an aerobic exercise has declined significantly from when he was in his 20s.This change is best explained in terms of diminished

A)reserve capacity.
B)dopamine level.
C)neural plasticity.
D)estrogen level.

Question 65

Which statement accurately reflects the multidimensional nature of health under the life-span developmental model?

A)A person's health capacity can improve or decrease based on their lifestyle choices in many areas.
B)A person's health reflects conditions in their personal environment,the broader culture,and the times.
C)A person's physical health can affect their social activities,which then impacts their mental health. 
D)A person's health state is determined by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors.

Question 66

During Jorge's recent period of depression over the loss of his job,he seemed to have less capacity to fight off infections and catches a cold every week.This is an example of the ________ aspect of health.

A)gain and loss
B)sociohistorical
C)multidimensional
D)lifelong

Question 67

Osteoporosis occurs when

A)the cushioning between joints wears out and the joints become stiff.
B)maximal heart rates decrease so that any sort of workout requires more effort.
C)lost minerals result in less bone mass.
D)vitamin deficiencies lower the efficiency of the major organs.

Question 68

Who is likely to have the highest BMI?

A)Maya,who lives with middle-class parents who are getting a divorce
B)Lionel,who lives in low-income housing with attentive parents 
C)Jose,who lives in a comfortable suburb with college-educated parents
D)Leslie,who lives in trailer with an inactive dad and unemployed mother

Question 69

The earliest evidence of lateralization in the brain is ________.

A)the ability to coordinate eye-hand movements
B)the preference for using a particular hand
C)the elimination of the Babinski reflex
D)the decline in risk-taking behaviors

Question 70

During adolescence,the physical activity levels of males continue to increase,while those of females tend to level off,or even decline.This is most likely due to the

A)degeneration of muscle tissue in females.
B)traditional gender-role socialization.
C)hormonal changes across the period of adolescence.
D)secular trend.

Question 71

States that have banned smoking in the workplace and in restaurants and bars have seen a decrease in the incidence of heart disease and other illnesses caused by second-hand smoke.This is an example of the ________ aspect of health.

A)sociohistorical
B)gain and loss
C)lifelong
D)multidimensional

Question 72

Reserve capacity tends to be most important in _____ situations.

A)resting
B)cognitively demanding
C)social
D)emergency

Question 73

Most physical systems peak sometime between

A)infancy and childhood.
B)childhood and early adulthood.
C)early adulthood and middle adulthood.
D)middle adulthood and older adulthood.

Question 74

Although HRT using estrogen and progesterone appears to help relieve the physical symptoms of menopause,it

A)is not well accepted because it increases emotional symptoms of menopause.
B)is prohibitively expensive for most women.
C)increases risk of breast cancer,heart attacks,and strokes
D)causes restored fertility and thus risk of pregnancy if birth control is not used.

Question 75

Which best describes recent research on PMS?

A)Most PMS is caused by a defect on the 21st chromosome.
B)Males experience PMS about half as often as females.
C)Severe PMS appears to be primarily an emotional response..
D)Expectations,not hormones,play a bigger role in many cases of PMS.

Question 76

Most people would agree that the most positive aspect of the life-span developmental model is that

A)social factors do not influence our health.
B)we have some control over our own health.
C)genetics set the path for our development.
D)developmental health is measured in gains.

Question 77

Now that Kurt is in his 40s,he isn't able to lift the same heavy weights at the gym that he could in college.How much has Kurt's strength declined since his college workouts?

A)30%
B)10%
C)15%
D)20%

Question 78

Martha has been having difficulty dealing with the effects of menopause,so Dr.Dhillon prescribed ________ as HRT.

A)progesterone and testosterone
B)testosterone and androgen
C)androgen and estrogen
D)estrogen and progesterone

Question 79

Morgan just got home from school and is famished! What will he likely have for a snack while doing his homework?

A)carrot sticks
B)applesauce
C)potato chips
D)granola

Question 80

One of the more interesting findings from the "Nun Study" was that _____ levels affected both longevity and health.

A)sex
B)religiosity
C)education
D)wine consumption