Deck 9: Energy Balance and Healthy Body Weight

Question 1

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:​

A)normal weight.
B)overweight.
C)​underweight.
D)​obesity.
E)​morbid obesity.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Physical inactivity alone does not cause obesity.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Waist circumference reflects the degree of ____ in proportion to body fatness.​

A)visceral fatness
B)gynoid obesity
C)​subcutaneous fat
D)​total body fatness
E)​lean tissue

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is NOT a risk of being underweight?​

A)earlier death during a famine or siege
B)higher risk of developing heart disease
C)​greater risk of starvation when suffering from cancer
D)​higher risk of death following surgery
E)​greater risk of malnutrition when hospitalized

Question 5

Taller people need proportionately more energy than shorter people to balance their energy budgets.​

Question 6

High-protein,low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to be much more effective than other low-calorie plans in promoting successful weight loss.​

Question 7

Excess fat ____ represents a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body.​

A)under the skin around the hips
B)in the extremities
C)​deep within the shoulders
D)​under the skin of the chest
E)​deep within the abdomen

Question 8

Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.​

Question 9

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness,and above a certain girth,disease risks rise.​

Question 10

The set-point theory states that the body's regulatory controls will maintain body weight over time and resist efforts to lose weight by dieting.​

Question 11

Which condition is NOT a result of obesity?​

A)diabetes​
B)osteoporosis
C)​hypertension
D)​adipokineimbalance
E)​sleep apnea

Question 12

Women in their reproductive years are likely to carry more intra-abdominal fat than are women past menopause.​

Question 13

No single body composition or weight suits everyone;needs vary by gender,lifestyle,and stage of life.​

Question 14

Society plays a role in eating disorders because rates ofeating disorders in non-Western cultures increase whenthinness is accepted as an ideal.​

Question 15

A rule of thumb that has been used in the past but does not apply equally to everyone is that one pound of body fat is equal to ____ calories.​

A)2500​
B)3000
C)​3500
D)​4000
E)​4200

Question 16

​The BMI is very valuable in helping muscular athletes determine their health risks.

Question 17

​Leptin is a hormone produced by the body to stimulate the appetite and encourage eating.

Question 18

Eating certain foods can elevate the basal metabolic rate,and thus promote weight loss.​

Question 19

For someone with at least one obese parent,the chance of becoming obese is estimated to be between 30 and 70 percent.​

Question 20

Which statement about basal metabolism is true?​

A)It supports the voluntary but not the unconscious work that the body performs.
B)It can be changed rapidly through vigorous exercise.​
C)It accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure.​
D)​It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine.
E)​It increases in response to malnutrition or fasting.

Question 21

In early food deprivation,the nervous system cannot use ____ as fuel.​

A)fat
B)glucose
C)​protein
D)​carbohydrate
E)​ketones

Question 22

All of the following are involved in signaling satiation except:​

A)the stomach.
B)the small intestine.
C)​the brain's hypothalamus.
D)​the heart.
E)​the mouth.

Question 23

A very-low-carbohydrate diet may be accompanied by:​

A)accelerated metabolism.
B)ketosis.
C)​increased appetite,initially.
D)​slow weight loss.
E)​greater long-term weight loss.

Question 24

Which type of tissue is particularly abundant in enzymes that engage in thermogenesis but don't accomplish any other work?​

A)lean
B)skeletal muscle
C)​excess adipose
D)​brown adipose
E)​white adipose

Question 25

Body mass index is unsuitable for use with:​

A)adolescents.
B)casual exercisers.
C)​women younger than 50.
D)​Caucasians.
E)​pregnant women.

Question 26

Quick,large changes in weight are most likely the result of all of the following except:​

A)changes in fat stores.
B)changes in body fluid content.
C)​changes in electrolytes and fluid balance.
D)​changes in lean tissues such as muscles.
E)​changes in bone minerals.

Question 27

Which statement is FALSE?​

A)Excess carbohydrate is converted to glycogen orfatand stored.
B)Protein is used to build muscles in response to exercise.
C)​Alcohol delivers calories and encourages fat storage.
D)​Any food can make you fat if you eat enough of it.
E)​Excess amino acids arestored in muscle.

Question 28

Energy nutrients can be stored in the body as:​

A)protein stores andglycogen.
B)lean tissue.
C)​ethanol.
D)​glycogen and fat.
E)​triglycerides and lean tissue.

Question 29

The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to a gain in body fatness that helps to control obesity is:​

A)endorphin.
B)ghrelin.
C)​leptin.
D)​insulin.
E)​thyroxine.

Question 30

About ____ percent of a meal's energy value is used up in stepped-up metabolism in the five or so hours following that meal.​

A)5
B)10
C)​15
D)​20
E)​25

Question 31

Hunger makes itself known roughly ____ hours after eating.​

A)1-2
B)2-3
C)​3-5
D)​4-6
E)​6-8

Question 32

A healthy person starting with average body fat can live totally deprived of food for as long as six to eight weeks due to:​

A)acidosis.
B)thermogenesis.
C)​metabolism.
D)​lactic acidosis.
E)​ketosis.

Question 33

Which types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?​

A)high in digestible starch
B)lowin protein
C)​high in sugar
D)​high in fiber
E)​low in fat

Question 34

The psychological desire to eat is referred to as:​

A)satiety.
B)appetite.
C)​hunger.
D)​obesity.
E)​satiation.

Question 35

What is one "outside of the body" factor that contributes to obesity?​

A)the "built environment," which can discourage physical activity
B)eating automatically in response to hunger cues
C)​spontaneous fidgeting activity
D)​a lack of food availability
E)​access to many supermarkets

Question 36

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except:​

A)stress.
B)starvation.
C)​fever.
D)​youth.
E)​greater height.

Question 37

A man of healthyweight may have,on the average,____ percent of hisbody weight as fat.​

A)5
B)10
C)​15
D)​20
E)​30

Question 38

Older people generally need less energy than younger people due to:​

A)increasedbasal metabolic rate.
B)chronic diseases that stress the body.
C)​decreases in height.
D)​declines in lean body mass with age.
E)​reduced total caloric intakes.

Question 39

What is a food desert?​

A)an urban area where people live with no access to any foods for purchase
B)an area where no fast-food restaurants are available for quick and easy meals
C)​a rural area where only local supermarkets are available
D)an area where only convenience stores and fast-food restaurants sell food
E)​an area where only large chain supermarkets sell food

Question 40

The foods emphasized by high-protein,low-carbohydrate diets clearly raise the risk for:​

A)osteoporosis.
B)kidney disease.
C)​heart and artery disease.
D)​cancer.
E)​anorexia nervosa.

Question 41

Successful weight maintainers:​

A)avoid weighing themselves on a scale more than monthly.​
B)avoid weight-loss support programssuch as Weight Watchers.
C)​monitor energy nutrient proportions rather thanoverall food energy of the diet.
D)​have never experienced weight cycling.
E)​exercise regularly.

Question 42

Paul is a 19-year-old athlete who is 6' tall and weighs 178 pounds;Rick is a 40-year-old salesman who weighs 165 pounds and is 5' 7" tall.What statement below best describes who would have the higher basal metabolic rate and why?​

A)Rick,because he has a lower BMI
B)Rick,because he is older
C)​Rick,because he has a low-stress occupation
D)​Paul,because he has a lower BMI
E)​Paul,because he is younger,taller,and likely more muscular

Question 43

The accumulation of excess visceral fat in the body may lead to health complications because:​

A)the fat is more quickly mobilized and released into the bloodstream as HDL cholesterol.
B)it can lead to chronic inflammation,which has been linked to heart disease.
C)​the fat accumulates in the upper chest area,which can interfere with lung function.
D)​the fat distribution is resistant to physical exercise.
E)​it is associated with the "pear" body profile.

Question 44

The thermic effect of foods can contribute to total energy expended in a day because:​

A)certain foods and herbs can intensify the increase in BMR when eaten with a meal.
B)the energy expended metabolizing food can represent 40% of the daily energy used.
C)​it is much more efficient than the energy burned in physical activity.
D)​it uses up about 40% of a meal's energy,contributing the largest portion of total expended energy.
E)​metabolism is stepped up for several hours after a meal in the metabolic response to food ingestion.

Question 45

The major role that the hormone ghrelin plays in eating is to:​

A)signal hunger when the stomach is empty.
B)signal appetite when receiving external stimuli.
C)​signal satiation when the stomach is full.
D)​signal satiety several hours after a meal.
E)​signal fat stores andsuppress feelings of hunger.

Question 46

A woman weighs 210 pounds and is 65 inches tall.Calculate her BMI.​

A)3.23
B)28
C)​35
D)​57
E)​77

Question 47

Your mom is overweight and thinks it's too late to get in shape.What might you recommend as a reasonable first weight goal?​

A)to try a liquid diet
B)to stop gaining weight
C)​to set a goal of reducing her body weight by 15 percent
D)​to set a goal of reaching her optimal weight
E)​to reduce her number of meals a day

Question 48

When estimating the BMR for an individual it is important to consider which of the following factors that will affect the rate?​

A)the number of hours the person sleeps,because BMR increases during sleep
B)the amount of daily physical activity,because it increases BMR over time
C)​the amount of muscle mass,because BMR decreases with additional muscle tissue
D)​the age-related increase in BMR as people get older
E)​the health status of the individual,because having a fever or infection will decrease BMR

Question 49

A woman who is a varsity soccer player has a BMI of 26,a waist circumference of 32,and 23percent body fat.What would you say about her body composition?​

A)she is obese and at risk for developing chronic diseases​
B)she has a high level of visceral fat accumulation
C)​her performance will be affected by her body fat accumulation
D)​she is within recommendations for waist circumference and percent body fat
E)​her BMI puts her in the overweight category,which trumps waist circumference and body fat percentage

Question 50

You decide to skip lunch for several weeks to lose weight and fit into a favorite outfit for a special occasion.Which of the following will probably be the greatest obstacle to the success of this plan?​

A)hunger
B)appetite
C)​satiation
D)​satiety
E)​increased metabolic rate

Question 51

Fad diets are successful in the short term because they:​

A)alter the body's metabolism.
B)reduce satiety and hence appetite.
C)​provide the best balance of energy nutrients for weight loss.
D)​induce a calorie deficit.
E)​are easy to follow.

Question 52

Which strategy would be most appropriate for an obese individual with a BMI of 40 or above who is healthy?​

A)an herbal supplement
B)surgery such as a gastric bypass
C)​liposuction or lipectomy
D)​an ephedrine-containing dietary supplement
E)​starting an intense,self-directed diet and exercise program

Question 53

A woman who is trying to get pregnant has a BMI of 17 and a 10 percent body fat value.What factors should she consider concerning her body composition?​

A)Her pregnancy outcome may be compromised by her too-low body fat.​
B)She needs to increase her body fat percentage to 40 for pregnancy.
C)​Her body composition is fine because she will gain weight during pregnancy.
D)​She needs to reduce her body fat in preparation for pregnancy.
E)​She will be unable to conceive if her BMI is less than 19.

Question 54

Johnnie's father is 5' 11" tall and weighs 165 pounds,while his mother weighs 164 pounds and is 5' 2" tall.Johnnie's chances of becoming obese are at least ____ percent.​

A)10
B)20
C)​30
D)​40
E)​50

Question 55

John's energy needs are 1930 calories/day,he weighs 200 lb. ,and he is 5'9" tall.What would be an appropriate daily calorie intake to promote safe and steady weight loss for him?​

A)1000-1200 calories
B)1800-1900 calories
C)​930-1630 calories
D)​1180-1430 calories
E)​1400-2000 calories

Question 56

An eating pattern of foods high in ____ is associated with being overweight.​

A)plant proteins
B)nonnutritive sweeteners
C)​nutrient density
D)​energy density
E)​carbohydrates

Question 57

One of the major benefits of physical activity for weight management is:​

A)an increase in appetite immediately after exercise.
B)an increase in lean muscle tissue,which burns more energy.
C)​being able to eat high-calorie snacks.
D)​significantly raising the BMR for several hours after exercise.
E)​a significant reduction in food cravings.

Question 58

Mary has a waist circumference of 38 inches.Based on this information,you conclude that:​

A)she is probably between and 25 and 35 years old.
B)she has a large amount of subcutaneous fat.
C)​she is at very low risk for insulin resistance.
D)​she exhibits an unhealthful "pear-like" body shape.
E)​she is at an increased risk for chronic disease.

Question 59

Complications immediately following obesity surgery often include all of the following except:​

A)dehydration.
B)infection.
C)​high blood pressure.
D)​nausea.
E)​low blood glucose.

Question 60

You are weighing a team of football players and according to the BMI values they appear to be obese.Which of the following would you most likely conclude?​

A)The majority of them are probably obese and should make efforts to lose weight.
B)BMI values may not be applicable to this population since they are derived from studies of older adults.
C)​Their bones may be poorlymineralized,which falsely lowers their weights.
D)​Athletes are typically not overweight based on BMI,so their weight and height measurements may be inaccurate.
E)​Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated scale weights.

Question 61

What is a valid recommendation for managing portion sizes of foods in order to manage weight?​

A)Avoid prepared meal plans designed for weight loss.
B)Purchase reduced-calorie foods so you eat more of them.
C)​Serve meals "family style" instead of on individual plates.
D)​Select foods high in energy density.
E)​Choose smaller plates,glasses,and utensils.

Question 62

The best advice for planning a daily meal pattern for successful weight loss is to:​

A)avoid any snacks.
B)eliminate breakfast.
C)​eat regularly.
D)​have one large meal each day.
E)​eat in response toexternal rather than internal cues.

Question 63

A woman is using behavior modification to change her eating habits in order to lose weight.Which of her behaviors would be most successful for changing a particular cue?​

A)when eating out,asking for a box at the beginning of the meal to split the portion on her plate
B)saving money to reward herself with her favorite meal once she reaches her goal weight loss
C)skipping lunch to eliminate the calories from eating at her usual fast-food restaurant
D)​asking her husband to scold her when she eats something not on her diet plan
E)avoiding social gatherings where high-calorie foods will be available

Question 64

What individual is least characteristic of a person with bulimia?​

A)The person is close to her ideal body weight.​
B)The person is unaware that her behavior is abnormal.
C)​The person's weight fluctuates 10 pounds or so over a few weeks.
D)​The person binges and purges.
E)​The person experiences loss of control during bingesand compensationbehaviors afterwards.

Question 65

Which food item has the greatest energy density?​

A)french fries that weigh 50 grams and provide167 calories
B)baby carrots that weigh 72 grams and provide31 calories
C)​vanilla ice cream that weighs 39 grams and provides155 calories
D)​mushroom soup that weighs 65 grams and provides175 calories
E)​dark chocolate that weighs 30 grams and provides 88 calories

Question 66

Your aunt is seriously considering having gastric surgery to help her lose weight because previous weight-loss diets have been unsuccessful.What information would you provideto help her make her decision?​

A)She should not go through the surgery because of the complications others have experienced.
B)Her BMI of 40 is not high enough to qualify for surgery because she does not have any chronic diseases.
C)​It is a good idea because the procedure is very simple and has very few complications.
D)​It is a serious decision because of the lifetime medical and nutrition supervision needed after surgery.
E)​With a BMI of 35 and coexisting heart disease risk factors,she is not a candidate for surgery.

Question 67

What is NOT recommended for physical activity in order to maintain a healthy body weight?​

A)episodes of physical activity that are at least 10 minutes in duration count toward exercise goals.
B)only aerobic physical activities are beneficial for weight loss.
C)​more than 250 minutes per week promotessignificant weight loss.
D)150-250 minutes a week of at least moderate-intensity physical activity is needed for preventing weight gain.
E)​planned workouts can be augmented with bits of physicalactivity throughout the day.

Question 68

Successful treatment for a young woman with anorexia nervosa at 80% of ideal body weight includes:​

A)separation from her family for intense therapy.
B)forced feeding through a feeding tube to quickly replace deficient nutrients.​
C)​cognitive behavioral therapy,family counseling,and expert nutrition guidance.
D)​encouraging rapid weight gain to increase muscle mass.
E)​treatment that focuses only on the psychological processes driving the disordered behavior.

Question 69

How would you respond to an advertisement for a weight-loss diet that claims that eating certain foods can elevate the BMR and thus promote weight loss? How can someone change his or her BMR?

Question 70

An effective method for losing weight would be to:​

A)set a single,long-term goal,even though it may take several years to accomplish.
B)start with a very low calorie level to achieve a quick weight loss initially.
C)​keep records of your food intake and exercise to spot trends.
D)use a pre-designed menu plan from a popular diet book that focuses on a single nutrient.
E)​use a program or product that can alter your genetic code or reset your metabolism.

Question 71

You suspect that your new college roommate may have an eating disorder because,although she seems to have a normal body size,you have heard her frequently vomiting after a meal,and her tooth enamel is becoming corroded.She also will frequently eat 3 boxes of crackers at one time to relieve stress and will then feel guilty afterwards.These are most likely symptoms of:​

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)​binge eating disorder.
D)​the female athlete triad.
E)​typical college stress.

Question 72

The best way to use physical activity to assist with weight control is to:​

A)begin a high-intensity exercise program to "jump-start" energy expenditure.​
B)work on strength-building activities with short duration and many repetitions.
C)​walk for 30 minutes twice a week.
D)​exercise daily in conjunction with a substantial calorie reduction.
E)​use exercise to make up for high-calorie meals and snacks.

Question 73

A person who is trying to gain weight and muscle mass will achieve the best outcome by:​

A)reducing physical activity,because it burns too many calories.
B)choosing nutrient- and energy-dense foods to help build new body tissue.
C)​limiting food intake to three large meals a day to eat more calories at a time.
D)adding weight-gain supplements specially formulated for muscle building.
E)selecting high-fat foodssuch ascandy bars and potato chips because they provide the most fuel for workouts.

Question 74

How has physical activity played a role in weight trends in the U.S.recently?

A)Physical activity has increased dramatically over the past several years because of concerns with overweight.
B)Outdoor work and play are the main contributors to leisure time activity in this country.
C)​Sedentary activities have replaced outdoor play for many people.
D)​Passive exercise with machines has helped people to lose weight without physical exertion.
E)​Obesity prevalence has risen because peopleeat too much after intense physical activity.

Question 75

If a person uses fasting to lose weight,how will his or her body react?​

A)increase its basal metabolism to burn energy
B)break down fat into ketone bodies to provide fuel
C)​become internally cleansed
D)​conserve its minerals by restricting their excretion
E)​convert fatty acids to glucose for the nervous system

Question 76

Which individual's activity had the highest calorie cost?​

A)Sara,who weighs 145 lb and did step aerobics (0.062 cal/lb/min)for 35 minutes
B)Ben,who weighs 180 lb and walked on the treadmill (0.048 cal/lb/min)for 25 minutes​
C)​Mary,who weighs 120 lb and rode her bike (0.076 cal/lb/min)for 20 minutes
D)​Andrew,who weighs 163 lb and swam (0.058 cal/lb/min)for 30 minutes
E)​Kia,who weighs 185lb and ran on the treadmill (0.061cal/lb/min)for 25 minutes

Question 77

Characteristics of victims of anorexia nervosa include:​

A)they are aware that they have a psychiatric condition.
B)most are male.
C)​they are unfamiliar with the calorie content of foods.
D)most come from middle- orupper-class families.​
E)​they always avoid exercise because it makes them hungry.

Question 78

A good way to help dieters to solve problems and increase motivation is to teach them to:​

A)add new cues for eating.​
B)use hypnosis to change negative eating behaviors.
C)​start a new strict physical activity plan.
D)​review their failures daily in order to go back and fix them.
E)​emphasize positive consequencesof appropriate eating andexercise behaviors.

Question 79

You go to the movie theater after eating dinner and smell the popcorn in the concession stand.Although you are full,you start salivating and your stomach grumbles,so you buy a bag to eat during the show.This is an example of what signal for eating?​

A)hunger​
B)appetite
C)​satiation
D)​postingestive influence
E)​postabsorptive influence

Question 80

How could a city official change the built environment in his town to help promote the healthy weight status of its residents?​

A)invite a fitness center chain to open a franchise within town limits​
B)add bike lanes to busy roads
C)​limit the height of new buildings
D)​prevent homes and businesses from being built close together
E)build more convenience stores that sell ready-to-eat prepackaged foods