Deck 16: Nutrients Involved in Blood Health and Immunity

Question 1

Iron absorption is enhanced by:

A)polyphenols.
B)fiber.
C)phytates.
D)vitamin C.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following aids in zinc absorption?

A)chicken
B)tomato
C)spinach
D)whole wheat bread

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The most common mineral deficiency worldwide is:

A)calcium.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)iron.
D)folate.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A majority of zinc is carried by ________ in the blood.

A)transferrin
B)albumin
C)lipoproteins
D)chylomicron

Question 5

The copper-containing protein found in the blood that oxidizes iron for transport is:

A)ferritin.
B)transferrin.
C)ceruloplasmin.
D)ferric copper.

Question 6

Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect the body's ________ levels.

A)hemoglobin
B)hephaestin
C)transferrin
D)ferritin

Question 7

The "meat factor" is:

A)a substance found in meat,fish,and poultry that enhances iron absorption.
B)a substance found in meat that enhances folate absorption.
C)a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of protein and fat.
D)the increased need for protein by the mother during pregnancy.

Question 8

The two storage forms of iron are ferritin and:

A)ceruloplasmin.
B)transferrin.
C)hemosiderin.
D)hephaestin.

Question 9

Stage I of iron deficiency is also called:

A)iron-deficiency erythropoiesis.
B)iron depletion.
C)iron-deficiency anemia.
D)microcytic anemia.

Question 10

Which of the following will impair iron absorption?

A)low amounts of stomach acid
B)low dietary intake of iron
C)iron-deficiency anemia
D)chronic blood loss

Question 11

Which of the following is a positively-charged trace mineral?

A)calcium
B)zinc
C)sodium
D)chloride

Question 12

Approximately what is the highest rate of absorption of dietary zinc?

A)5%
B)10%
C)35%
D)80%

Question 13

Which of the following is the BEST source of heme iron?

A)fish
B)spinach
C)fortified bread
D)beans

Question 14

The majority of the body's iron is found in:

A)ferritin.
B)hemoglobin.
C)ferroportin.
D)transferrin.

Question 15

Copper is absorbed from the:

A)mouth.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Question 16

The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells is called:

A)myoglobin.
B)hemoglobin.
C)iron.
D)hemosiderin.

Question 17

The oxygen-carrying protein used to transport oxygen in muscle is called:

A)myoglobin.
B)hemoglobin.
C)iron.
D)ferritin.

Question 18

Which of the following nutrients is crucial in maintaining blood health?

A)thiamin
B)folate
C)phosphorus
D)calcium

Question 19

Which of the following cells are key to our immune function?

A)erythrocytes
B)leukocytes
C)osteoclasts
D)osteocytes

Question 20

Zinc is a structural component of the DNA-binding proteins that help regulate gene expression.These proteins are known as:

A)zinc blocks.
B)zinc enzymes.
C)zinc coenzymes.
D)zinc fingers.

Question 21

The primary sources of folate in the American diet are:

A)milk and dairy products.
B)fresh fruits and vegetables.
C)meat,fish,and poultry.
D)enriched ready-to-eat cereals and bread products.

Question 22

Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask a(n)________ deficiency.

A)niacin
B)vitamin B₆
C)iron
D)vitamin B₁₂

Question 23

Vitamin B₆ is essential for the synthesis of:

A)T cells.
B)memory cells.
C)heme iron.
D)non-heme iron.

Question 24

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to have a copper deficiency?

A)an adult vegan
B)premature infant fed milk-based formula
C)adolescent female gymnast
D)adolescent male long-distance runner

Question 25

Vitamin B₁₂ is also called:

A)ascorbic acid.
B)cyanocobalamin.
C)folate.
D)pyradoxal.

Question 26

During the fourth and final stage of folate deficiency,the body can experience:

A)pernicious anemia.
B)iron-deficiency anemia.
C)macrocytic anemia.
D)microcytic anemia.

Question 27

Which nutrient requires intrinsic factor for absorption?

A)ascorbic acid
B)cyanocobalamin
C)zinc
D)potassium

Question 28

Which of the following is part of the innate branch of the immune system?

A)stomach acid
B)complement proteins
C)corticosteroids
D)lymphocytes

Question 29

During stage II of folate deficiency,the lack of folate results in:

A)low levels of methionine.
B)copper toxicity.
C)iron deficiency.
D)high levels of homocysteine.

Question 30

Which disorder is associated with copper toxicity?

A)Wilson's disease
B)anemia
C)beriberi
D)rickets

Question 31

How does folate function in maintaining blood health?

A)Folate is essential for synthesis of new red blood cells.
B)Folate is essential for the synthesis of heme iron.
C)Folate acts as a coenzyme in blood coagulation.
D)Folate is essential for iron oxidation.

Question 32

Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with:

A)Down's syndrome.
B)gestational diabetes.
C)neural tube defects.
D)pellagra.

Question 33

Stage II folate deficiency is called:

A)folate-deficiency erythropoiesis.
B)folate-deficiency anemia.
C)folate depletion.
D)negative folate balance.

Question 34

Vitamin B₁₂ plays a role in the formation of red blood cells as a component of coenzymes that:

A)synthesize heme.
B)assist with DNA synthesis.
C)assist in the coagulation of blood.
D)assist in iron oxidation.

Question 35

Prothrombin and factor VII are:

A)hormones that regulate the pH of the blood.
B)proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood.
C)cofactors of energy metabolism.
D)transport proteins that aid in the absorption of iron.

Question 36

After absorption,which blood protein binds copper for transport to the liver?

A)transferrin
B)albumin
C)globulin
D)hemoglobin

Question 37

Who is MOST likely to be vitamin B₁₂ deficient?

A)an ovo-lacto vegetarian
B)a vegan
C)an adult female who eats chicken and tuna
D)an adult male who eats hamburgers

Question 38

Which form of folate is found in most supplements?

A)folic acid
B)folate
C)five hydroxy folate
D)prefolate

Question 39

Inadequate intrinsic factor is associated with:

A)pernicious anemia.
B)sickle-cell anemia.
C)neural tube defects.
D)thalassemia.

Question 40

Which of the following individuals would be MOST at risk for a vitamin K deficiency?

A)a 55-year-old menopausal woman
B)a 16-year-old who drinks 4-5 cans of soda each day
C)a 30-year-old with Crohn's disease
D)a 6-year-old who doesn't eat any vegetables

Question 41

Pernicious anemia is classified as a type of ________ anemia.

A)macrocytic
B)microcytic
C)blood
D)autoimmune

Question 42

To reduce the chances of having a baby with neural tube defects,all women of child bearing potential should ensure they have an adequate intake of which vitamin?

A)niacin
B)folate
C)ascorbic acid
D)cyanocobalamin

Question 43

Red blood cells are also called:

A)platelets.
B)leukocytes.
C)enterocytes.
D)erythrocytes.

Question 44

How does excessive vitamin A intake affect the immune system?

A)enhances immune response
B)has no effect on the immune system
C)suppresses immune response
D)inhibits enzyme synthesis

Question 45

Which of the following nutrients is a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase?

A)selenium
B)copper
C)ascorbic acid
D)zinc

Question 46

The small red blood cells that characterize microcytic anemia cannot transport adequate oxygen or allow for enough:

A)enzymes to be produced.
B)production of growth hormones.
C)transfer of electrons to produce energy.
D)plasma to be produced.

Question 47

Antigen-sensitized cells that remain in circulation for long periods of time are called:

A)platelets.
B)erythrocytes.
C)leukocytes.
D)memory cells.

Question 48

Vitamins C and E protect the cell membrane from damage by:

A)natural killer cells.
B)reactive oxygen species molecules.
C)erythrocytes.
D)cytotoxic T cells.

Question 49

Which of the following is part of the innate immune system?

A)T cells
B)B cells
C)plasma cells
D)natural killer cells

Question 50

Which type of white blood cells fight infection by killing body cells that contain viruses or other harmful non-self substances?

A)erythrocytes
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)B cells
D)antigens

Question 51

How does protein-energy malnutrition affect the immune system?

A)suppresses nonspecific immune responses
B)has no effect on the immune system
C)diminishes immune response to antigens
D)enhances specific immune responses

Question 52

Which component of blood is fluid and necessary for maintaining adequate blood volume?

A)erythrocyte
B)leukocyte
C)platelet
D)plasma

Question 53

Which iron transporter helps regulate intestinal iron absorption and release?

A)hephaestin
B)ferroportin
C)platelets
D)ferritin

Question 54

Antiserum delivers immediate protection when administered after a snake bite by providing:

A)antibodies to attack the snake venom.
B)a small amount of snake venom to activate specific immunity.
C)neutrophils to attack the snake venom.
D)undifferentiated B cells.

Question 55

The cell fragments found in blood that help form clots and stop bleeding are called:

A)platelets.
B)plasma.
C)erythrocytes.
D)leukocytes.

Question 56

Which type of white blood cell can become either a memory cell or a plasma cell to be used in a specific immune response?

A)T cell
B)B cell
C)natural killer cell
D)erythrocyte

Question 57

The cells of the specific immune system attack which of the following targets?

A)plasma
B)macrophages
C)antibodies
D)antigens

Question 58

The second stage of iron deficiency,in which the body experiences a decrease in the transport of iron,is called:

A)iron-deficiency erythropoiesis.
B)iron-deficiency anemia.
C)iron depletion.
D)hemochromatosis.

Question 59

Vaccinations help the body develop immunity to a disease by providing:

A)a flood of the specific microbe to cause the disease.
B)cytotoxic T cells to attack the microbes.
C)helper T cells to activate other immune cells.
D)a small amount of antigen of a specific microbe to activate the specific immune response.

Question 60

In the United States,accidental overdose of ________ is the most common cause of poisoning deaths in children under age six.

A)copper
B)iron
C)lead
D)zinc

Question 61

Excessive amounts of which trace mineral can act as a potent oxidant that damages the membranes of immune cells?

A)selenium
B)calcium
C)zinc
D)iron

Question 62

Iron is a major mineral.

Question 63

Decreased immunocompetence is an indicator of malnutrition.

Question 64

Calcium aids iron absorption.

Question 65

The iron found in red meat is poorly absorbed compared with the iron found in spinach.

Question 66

Copper is a major mineral that is ubiquitous in food.

Question 67

High zinc intake enhances the absorption of copper and iron.

Question 68

A(n)________ deficiency results in a diminished amount of the growth factor needed for immune cells to multiply.

A)copper
B)zinc
C)selenium
D)iron

Question 69

Both excessive and insufficient intakes of zinc can impair immune function.

Question 70

Hemoglobin consists of non-heme iron.

Question 71

Without adequate vitamin K,blood does not clot properly.

Question 72

Diets rich in folate are associated with elevated blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine.

Question 73

Folic acid is the form of folate found in most foods.

Question 74

Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine.

Question 75

Non-heme iron is found only in plant-based foods.

Question 76

A sign of a copper deficiency is a lack of ________ circulating in the blood.

A)erythrocytes
B)leukocytes
C)neutrophils
D)transferrin

Question 77

Which nutrient deficiency causes viruses to multiply over a longer period of time and to mutate into more pathogenic strains?

A)zinc
B)selenium
C)iron
D)copper

Question 78

Individuals with Crohn's disease are at a high risk of becoming vitamin K-deficient.

Question 79

Heme iron is absorbed better than non-heme iron.

Question 80

Too much iron is toxic.