Deck 3: The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat

Question 1

Which statement BEST explains why carbohydrate digestion ceases when food reaches the stomach?

A)Carbohydrate is completely digested in the mouth.
B)Salivary enzymes cannot function in the acid environment of the stomach.
C)Carbohydrate is completely absorbed in the esophagus.
D)Intestinal bacteria are needed for carbohydrate digestion.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

After eating,you experience a feeling of satiation as a result of the:

A)decrease in blood glucose levels.
B)increase in blood glucose levels.
C)enzymatic digestion of fatty acids.
D)rapid release of chyme into the small intestine.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which snack will have the highest satiety value,assuming the Calories and relative size are similar?

A)a slice of whole-grain bread
B)a piece of cheese
C)a serving of apple sauce
D)a glass of grape juice

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which two pancreatic hormones are responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

A)estrogen and testosterone
B)neuropeptide Y and leptin
C)insulin and glucagon
D)bicarbonate and HCl

Question 5

What is the term that describes the process in which nutrients pass through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract?

A)digestion
B)absorption
C)elimination
D)segmentation

Question 6

Which form of mechanical digestion begins in the mouth?

A)chewing
B)peristalsis
C)segmentation
D)churning

Question 7

The ________ is the organ most responsible for prompting us to seek food.

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)hypothalamus
D)mouth

Question 8

Olfaction occurs in which organ?

A)the nose
B)the mouth
C)the stomach
D)the small intestine

Question 9

Proteins that act to speed up body processes,but are NOT changed in the process,are called:

A)hormones.
B)peptides.
C)enzymes.
D)chyme.

Question 10

Hunger is BEST described as:

A)a physiological drive to consume food.
B)a psychological drive to consume food.
C)eating that is often driven by environmental cues.
D)eating that is often driven by emotional cues.

Question 11

Hunger and appetite differ in that:

A)hunger is psychosocial,appetite is physiological.
B)hunger is internally driven;appetite is externally driven.
C)hunger is typically a pleasant sensation;appetite is a negative sensation.
D)hunger relates to a specific food;appetite is a general sense of desire.

Question 12

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)kidney

Question 13

A bolus travels from the mouth to the stomach via the:

A)trachea.
B)nasal sinuses.
C)esophagus.
D)epiglottis.

Question 14

The physiological need for food with no appetite is known as:

A)anorexia.
B)satiety.
C)starvation.
D)hunger.

Question 15

Which of the following is a hormone that is responsible for increasing the number of mucosal cells in the stomach?

A)gastrin
B)secretin
C)cholecystokinin (CCK)
D)gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 16

What is the cephalic phase of digestion?

A)The earliest phase of digestion in which the brain prepares the body in anticipation of food.
B)The phase in which semi-digested food leaves the stomach and slowly enters the small intestine.
C)The phase in which the majority of absorption occurs,primarily in the small intestine.
D)The final phase of digestion in which the large intestine and rectum prepare the undigested components of food for elimination.

Question 17

Chemical digestion of which nutrient occurs in the mouth?

A)alcohol
B)carbohydrate
C)fat
D)protein

Question 18

Appetite is defined as :

A)a basic physiological sensation.
B)a drive that prompts us to find food and eat.
C)an inborn need for certain foods.
D)a psychological desire to consume a specific food.

Question 19

The main role of the esophagus in digestion is to:

A)release bile for fat emulsification.
B)initiate the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates.
C)compact food into feces.
D)transport food to the stomach.

Question 20

After Michael eats breakfast,his GI tract begins the process of digesting and absorbing the nutrients from his meal.What is the sequence in which each of the organs of the GI tract will work to achieve this process?

A)mouth: esophagus: small intestine: stomach: large intestine
B)mouth: esophagus: stomach: small intestine: large intestine
C)mouth: stomach: esophagus: small intestine: large intestine
D)mouth: stomach: esophagus: large intestine: small intestine

Question 21

Which GI tract hormone plays a role in stimulating eating?

A)gastrin
B)ghrelin
C)secretin
D)parathyroid hormone

Question 22

Bicarbonate is released into the duodenum during the process of digestion.Why?

A)to neutralize the acidic chyme
B)to activate hormonal release of bile
C)to digest fats/oils
D)to lubricate the villi of the small intestine

Question 23

Food is digested through chemical reactions involving the addition of water molecules.This process is known as:

A)reduction.
B)oxidation.
C)dehydration.
D)hydrolysis.

Question 24

Food that has been chewed and moistened in the mouth is referred to as:

A)a bolus.
B)chyme.
C)chyle.
D)feces.

Question 25

In which organ does the majority of beneficial bacteria occur?

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)large intestine

Question 26

A savory taste due to the presence of glutamic acid is called:

A)bitter.
B)sour.
C)umami.
D)salty.

Question 27

Bile reduces lipids to smaller globules and then disperses them to aid digestion.This process is called:

A)liquefaction.
B)oxidation.
C)hydration.
D)emulsification.

Question 28

Which of the following organs is responsible for the manufacture and secretion of many digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?

A)liver
B)stomach
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder

Question 29

A lipase is an enzyme that digests:

A)protein.
B)fat.
C)carbohydrate.
D)alcohol.

Question 30

A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to:

A)neutralize stomach acid.
B)activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.
C)protect the stomach lining.
D)emulsify fats.

Question 31

Responding to the presence of protein and fat in our meal,cholecystokinin (CCK)signals the gallbladder to release a substance called:

A)lipase.
B)pepsin.
C)chyme.
D)bile.

Question 32

Intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach and is necessary for absorption of which vitamin?

A)B₁₂
B)B₃
C)folate
D)K

Question 33

The rhythmic contractions responsible for propelling food through the digestive tract are called:

A)elimination.
B)peristalsis.
C)mastication.
D)locomotion.

Question 34

Chyme remains in the stomach for at least 2 hours because:

A)it must be converted to a much less acidic pH before entering the duodenum.
B)the ileocecal valve is too small to pass it all at once.
C)the small intestine can hold only a small fraction of the stomach volume at a time.
D)moving food into the small intestine too quickly can lead to an ulcer.

Question 35

What is chyme?

A)an ulceration of the esophageal lining
B)healthy bacteria of the small intestine
C)a mixture of partially digested food,water,and gastric juices
D)a substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipid

Question 36

The hormone ________ is released after the ingestion of a meal and triggers the stomach to release digestive juices.

A)leptin
B)insulin
C)gastrin
D)amylase

Question 37

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)is secreted by which cells in the stomach?

A)enterocytes
B)mucus neck cells
C)chief cells
D)parietal cells

Question 38

Which of the following is classified as a digestive fluid?

A)chyme
B)cholecystokinin (CCK)
C)hydrochloric acid (HCl)
D)gastrin

Question 39

The first section of the small intestine is called the:

A)bile duct.
B)duodenum.
C)jejunum.
D)ileum.

Question 40

Beneficial bacteria created in the large intestine are consumed intentionally in ________ foods.

A)aseptic
B)diuretic
C)probiotic
D)organic

Question 41

Which protein will trigger an immune response in a person with celiac disease?

A)amylase
B)gluten
C)albumin
D)egg whites

Question 42

What is the primary cause of malabsorption in people with celiac disease?

A)damage to the villi of the small intestine
B)an ulcer
C)damage to the lining of the esophagus
D)presence of sulfur in the GI tract

Question 43

The region of the brain where physiological signals are translated into thirst and hunger messages is the:

A)brain stem.
B)pituitary gland.
C)thalamus.
D)hypothalamus.

Question 44

Which large vessel transports absorbed nutrients to the liver?

A)hepatic portal vein
B)pulmonary vein
C)aorta
D)subclavian vein

Question 45

For many people suffering from GERD,the ________ is malfunctioning.

A)gallbladder
B)pancreas
C)epiglottis
D)gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 46

Barbara has just been diagnosed with celiac disease.Which of the following foods would be MOST dangerous for her to consume?

A)cornflakes
B)rice cakes
C)potatoes
D)whole-wheat bread

Question 47

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

A)stress
B)H)pylori bacteria
C)prolonged use of aspirin
D)eating too many spicy foods

Question 48

The passing of intestinal gas is referred to as:

A)peristalsis.
B)eructation.
C)belching.
D)flatulence.

Question 49

Which of the following treatments would be appropriate for treating a peptic ulcer?

A)antibiotics
B)aspirin
C)ibuprofen
D)eliminating spicy foods from the diet

Question 50

At a birthday party,Sam eats a chocolate chip cookie with peanuts.Within minutes,he has trouble breathing,his blood pressure plummets,and he has to be rushed to the hospital for treatment.Which condition is the MOST likely cause of his symptoms?

A)celiac disease
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease
C)gluten intolerance
D)peanut allergy

Question 51

The microvilli in the small intestine are collectively called the:

A)enterocytes.
B)lacteals.
C)brush border.
D)rugae.

Question 52

Digestion begins in the:

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)small intestine.

Question 53

How do the liver and gallbladder function together in the process of digestion?

A)Carbohydrate digestion begins in the liver and concludes in the gallbladder.
B)Both help mechanically process waste into feces.
C)The liver produces bile,and the gallbladder releases it for fat emulsification.
D)The liver produces digestive enzymes,and the gallbladder releases them.

Question 54

The small intestine is well equipped to carry out the majority of nutrient absorption in the GI tract because it:

A)has a lining made up of parietal cells and chief cells.
B)is a direct link to the esophagus and rectum.
C)plays a role in production of bile to break down fats.
D)has an extensive surface area with specialized absorptive cells.

Question 55

Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment approach for someone suffering from GERD?

A)surgical removal of the gallbladder
B)omission of all lactose foods
C)antibiotic therapy
D)weight loss and smoking cessation

Question 56

What type of damage does Crohn's disease cause to the GI tract?

A)permanently opened gastroesophageal sphincter
B)blockage of the hepatic portal vein
C)gastric ulcers
D)inflammation of the small intestine

Question 57

Immediately after absorption,what circulatory system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients?

A)vascular
B)mesenteric
C)lymphatic
D)enterohepatic

Question 58

The ________ located in the walls of the GI tract helps control digestion,absorption,and elimination.

A)peripheral nervous system
B)hepatic nervous system
C)enteric nervous system
D)gastric nervous system

Question 59

Bile is produced by the:

A)gallbladder.
B)liver.
C)stomach.
D)pancreas.

Question 60

How do the pancreas and small intestine function together in the process of digestion?

A)The pancreas produces hydrochloric acid (HCl)and releases it to the small intestine.
B)The pancreas stores inactive digestive enzymes,and they are activated in the small intestine.
C)The pancreas produces bile,and the small intestine releases it for fat emulsification.
D)The pancreas absorbs remaining nutrients and passes them to the small intestine.

Question 61

Which process does salivary amylase initiate?

A)carbohydrate digestion
B)lipid emulsification
C)protein digestion
D)inhibition of bacterial growth

Question 62

Thirst and hunger are regulated by the medulla oblongata of the brain.

Question 63

Which hormone is involved in slowing down the production of gastric acid and stimulating the release of insulin?

A)gastrin
B)secretin
C)cholecystokinin (CCK)
D)gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 64

Much of our ability to taste food comes from our sense of smell.

Question 65

Which structure keeps swallowed food from entering the trachea?

A)tonsils
B)soft palate
C)epiglottis
D)upper esophageal sphincter

Question 66

Which macronutrient has the highest satiety value?

A)fat
B)carbohydrates
C)protein
D)water

Question 67

Protein absorption begins in the stomach.

Question 68

The type of nutrient absorption process that requires both energy and the use of a carrier protein is:

A)hydrolysis.
B)passive diffusion.
C)facilitated diffusion.
D)active transport.

Question 69

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)is produced by the chief cells in the stomach.

Question 70

Which type of absorption requires the use of a carrier protein but not energy?

A)passive diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)active transport
D)endocytosis

Question 71

Salivary amylase digests protein in the mouth.

Question 72

Which hormone stimulates the pancreas to release acid-neutralizing bicarbonate?

A)gastrin
B)secretin
C)cholecystokinin (CCK)
D)gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 73

Satiation is the sensation of feeling hunger.

Question 74

Driven by a concentration gradient,lipids are absorbed through the process of:

A)passive diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)active transport.
D)endocytosis.

Question 75

The immune-supporting antibodies found in breast milk are absorbed through the process of:

A)passive diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)endocytosis.
D)enterocytosis.

Question 76

Foods containing carbohydrates have the highest satiety value.

Question 77

Appetite is a psychological desire to consume specific foods.

Question 78

During digestion,hydrochloric acid (HCl)produced in the stomach begins the process of:

A)carbohydrate digestion.
B)denaturing proteins.
C)fat emulsification.
D)neutralizing acidic chyme.

Question 79

Which of the following organs produces a variety of proteases?

A)mouth
B)stomach
C)pancreas
D)small intestine

Question 80

Leptin stimulates food intake.