Deck 11: Metabolism: From Food to Life

Question 1

What is the end product after glucose undergoes glycolysis?

A)glucose-6-phosphate
B)pyruvate
C)glucagon
D)maltose

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the absence of oxygen,pyruvate is converted to:

A)acetyl CoA.
B)phosphoenolpyruvate.
C)lactic acid.
D)citrate.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many ATP are produced in anaerobic glycolysis from one pyruvate molecule?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The primary high-energy molecule in human metabolism is:

A)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
B)alcohol.
C)glucose.
D)adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Question 5

The oxidation-reduction reactions that produce energy require which of the following coenzymes?

A)vitamin C
B)B-vitamins
C)minerals
D)antioxidants

Question 6

A molecule that gives up electrons is:

A)reduced.
B)condensed.
C)oxidized.
D)hydrolyzed.

Question 7

Disaccharides are catabolized to monosaccharides through a ________ reaction.

A)dehydration synthesis
B)hydrolysis
C)phosphorylation
D)hydrogen bonding

Question 8

The process of making large molecules from smaller ones is called:

A)catabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)hydrolysis.
D)metabolism.

Question 9

The process of breaking down large molecules to release energy is called:

A)catabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)hydrolysis.
D)metabolism.

Question 10

Disaccharides are formed by what type of reaction?

A)dehydration synthesis
B)hydrolysis
C)hydrogen bonding
D)phosphorylation

Question 11

When oxygen is plentiful,pyruvate from glucose is converted to:

A)acetyl CoA.
B)glycogen.
C)fatty acid.
D)lactic acid.

Question 12

Which of the following reactions represents dephosphorylation?

A)breakdown of ATP
B)synthesis of sucrose
C)breakdown of maltose
D)synthesis of glucose phosphate

Question 13

An anabolic reaction in which water is released as a by-product is called:

A)hydrolysis.
B)dehydration synthesis.
C)phosphorylation.
D)dephosphorylation.

Question 14

Which cellular organelle is the primary site of ATP production?

A)ribosome
B)cytoplasm
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)mitochondrion

Question 15

The final stage of glucose oxidation,which is carried out in the inner membranes of the mitochondria,involves which series of reactions?

A)oxidation-reduction
B)tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle
C)electron transport chain
D)beta-oxidation

Question 16

Oxidative phosphorylation metabolism ultimately yields:

A)carbon dioxide.
B)nitrogen and sucrose.
C)ATP and water.
D)glucose.

Question 17

Which of the following cells rely on anaerobic metabolism for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)production?

A)liver cells
B)epidermis
C)red blood cells
D)neurons

Question 18

The glycolysis of glucose occurs in which cellular component?

A)mitochondrion
B)cytosol
C)nucleus
D)intercellular fluid

Question 19

In oxidation-reduction reactions,what is exchanged?

A)electrons
B)neutrons
C)protons
D)quarks

Question 20

The first step of glycolysis is:

A)deamination of glucose.
B)dephosphorylation of glucose.
C)phosphorylation of glucose.
D)condensation of glucose to lactate.

Question 21

The primary anabolic hormone is:

A)cortisol.
B)epinephrine.
C)glucagon.
D)insulin.

Question 22

The process of producing glucose from noncarbohydrate sources is called:

A)glycolysis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)glycogenolysis.
D)lipolysis.

Question 23

The primary energy molecule for human metabolism is:

A)glucagon.
B)adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
C)adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
D)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).

Question 24

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)can be synthesized from adenosine monophosphate (AMP)and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)through the process of:

A)phosphorylation.
B)dephosphorylation.
C)hydrolysis.
D)deamination.

Question 25

In the first step of alcohol oxidation,the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)converts ethanol into:

A)methanol.
B)pyruvate.
C)acetaldehyde.
D)acetyl CoA.

Question 26

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle is a continuous circle of how many metabolic reactions?

A)4
B)8
C)11
D)21

Question 27

For a person who chronically abuses alcohol,which pathway becomes important in metabolizing large amounts of alcohol?

A)microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
B)first pass
C)alcohol dehydrogenase
D)aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 28

Glucose is stored in the body as:

A)triglyceride.
B)glycogen.
C)fatty acid.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Question 29

The reaction between acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate yields ________,the starting molecule in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle.

A)pyruvate
B)citrate
C)ATP
D)carbon dioxide

Question 30

Juan ate a healthy,well-balanced meal three hours ago and is resting comfortably on the couch.Which metabolic pathway is providing most of his ATP?

A)beta-oxidation
B)glycolysis
C)gluconeogenesis
D)lipogenesis

Question 31

Which of the following enzymes facilitates the release of fatty acids into the blood?

A)hormone-sensitive lipase
B)hexokinase
C)pepsin
D)peptidase

Question 32

The oxidation of alcohol occurs primarily in the:

A)pancreas.
B)stomach.
C)bloodstream.
D)liver.

Question 33

Fruity breath is a sign of:

A)lipolysis.
B)ketoacidosis.
C)lacticacidosis.
D)glycogenolysis.

Question 34

The catabolism of triglycerides is called:

A)glycolysis.
B)TCA.
C)lipolysis.
D)lipogenesis.

Question 35

Which of the following metabolic pathways occurs in the cytosol of the cell?

A)glycolysis
B)TCA
C)electron transport chain
D)beta-oxidation

Question 36

Which molecule is common to the metabolism of carbohydrates,fatty acids,amino acids,and alcohol?

A)phosphofructokinase
B)hexokinase
C)carnitine
D)acetyl CoA

Question 37

Which hormone secreted by the pancreas triggers the catabolism of glycogen?

A)glucagon
B)epinephrine
C)testosterone
D)cortisol

Question 38

Which of the following situations will result in a buildup of ketones in the blood?

A)low carbohydrate availability
B)low levels of acetyl CoA due to increased fat mobilization
C)excess of tricarboxyl acid (TCA)-cycle intermediates
D)high-carbohydrate diet

Question 39

The end products of deamination are ammonia and:

A)nitrogen.
B)carbon skeleton.
C)ATP.
D)carbon dioxide.

Question 40

Which metabolic pathway will predominate after eating a balanced meal?

A)lipolysis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)oxidative glycolysis
D)deamination

Question 41

What is the name of the molecule that results from the removal of two phosphates from ATP?

A)adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
B)adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
C)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
D)flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Question 42

The removal of a phosphate is called:

A)dephosphorylation.
B)deamination.
C)hydrolysis.
D)oxidation-reduction.

Question 43

As we sleep,the body maintains blood glucose levels by synthesizing glucose through:

A)gluconeogenesis.
B)lipolysis.
C)proteolysis.
D)hydrolysis.

Question 44

After a meal has been consumed and its nutrients absorbed,what are the primary metabolic processes occurring in the body?

A)anabolic
B)catabolic
C)gluconeogenic
D)ketonic

Question 45

Catabolism results in a release of chemical energy.

Question 46

Petra is an endurance athlete who has just completed the Boston Marathon.Which of the following foods would BEST help her replenish her glycogen stores?

A)fried chicken
B)whole-milk mozzarella
C)sirloin steak
D)spaghetti

Question 47

In order to be used to produce energy for the body,protein-unlike carbohydrates and lipids-must first be stripped of:

A)carbon.
B)nitrogen.
C)hydrogen.
D)oxygen.

Question 48

Elevated levels of the hormone ________,coupled with a sedentary lifestyle,have been linked to an increased risk of excess belly fat and glucose intolerance.

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)epinephrine
D)cortisol

Question 49

A cofactor that contains carbon is known as a:

A)carbohydrate.
B)lipid.
C)coenzyme.
D)carnitine.

Question 50

For people with type 2 diabetes,the hormone insulin triggers:

A)glycogen,triglyceride,and protein anabolism.
B)protein catabolism.
C)essential fatty acid catabolism.
D)glucose catabolism.

Question 51

When we eat more Calories than we need,the body responds by using:

A)fat for energy and carbohydrates for storage as glycogen.
B)protein for energy and carbohydrates converted to body fat.
C)carbohydrates for energy and dietary fats stored as body fat.
D)ketones for energy and proteins converted to body fat.

Question 52

In response to a drop in blood glucose,the concentration of the hormone ________ increases to stimulate the release of glucose from glycogen.

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)epinephrine
D)cortisol

Question 53

Which of the following activates the phosphorylation of glucose?

A)glucokinase
B)glucagon
C)pyruvate
D)ammonia

Question 54

Carbohydrates,ketogenic amino acids,and alcohol can be converted to body fat through the process of:

A)proteolysis.
B)lipogenesis.
C)lipolysis.
D)liposuction.

Question 55

What are the three end products of the oxidation-reduction reactions involved in metabolism?

A)glucose,pyruvate,and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
B)sucrose,lactate,and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
C)acetyl CoA,nitrogen,and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
D)water,carbon dioxide,and ATP

Question 56

Which process plays a critical role in the synthesis of nonessential amino acids?

A)gluconeogenesis
B)transamination
C)ketosis
D)lipogenesis

Question 57

Evan is a well-nourished adult who weighs 70 kg (about 154 lbs.).How much energy reserve would his body typically store in the form of glycogen?

A)15 kg
B)2 kg
C))2 kg
D))002 kg

Question 58

During exercise,which hormone stimulates the breakdown of stored energy?

A)insulin
B)glucagon
C)epinephrine
D)estrogen

Question 59

Which of the following binds the different parts of an enzyme together to speed up a metabolic reaction?

A)calorimeter
B)lactate
C)ketone
D)cofactor

Question 60

What is the first step in the body's metabolism of alcohol?

A)Acetate is converted to acetyl CoA.
B)Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)produces acetaldehyde.
C)Aldehyde dehydrogenase produces acetate.
D)P450 enzymes produce acetyl CoA.

Question 61

Alcohol can be converted to glucose.

Question 62

A ketone body can be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.

Question 63

Glycogen stores are the body's most abundant energy source.

Question 64

Amino acids are stored in the body for energy.

Question 65

The process of making larger molecules from smaller ones is called anabolism.

Question 66

In anaerobic metabolism lactate is converted to glucose.

Question 67

Amino acids are a primary source of ATP.

Question 68

Muscle glycogen is used to raise blood glucose.

Question 69

The microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)is used to metabolize large amounts of alcohol.

Question 70

Glycolysis requires oxygen.

Question 71

Describe metabolism in relation to energy production and food intake.

Question 72

Two of the B-vitamins are essential to the oxidation-reduction reactions involved in metabolism.

Question 73

The hydrolysis of sucrose produces two molecules of glucose.

Question 74

A majority of the body's ATP is produced in the mitochondrion.

Question 75

Drinking black coffee speeds up alcohol metabolism.

Question 76

Amino acids produce more ATP than glucose or fatty acid can generate.

Question 77

Fatty acids can be converted to glucose.

Question 78

In the presence of oxygen pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA.

Question 79

The body can store an unlimited amount of excess glucose in the form of glycogen.

Question 80

Oxaloacetate is a metabolic intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)cycle.