Question 1

The outermost layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:&#10;A)dura mater.&#10;B)meninges.&#10;C)arachnoid.&#10;D)pia mater.

Accepted Answer

Because of the vital and essential role of the CNS in the body's regulatory processes,the brain and spinal cord have two protective coverings: an outer covering consisting of bone and an inner covering of membranes called the meninges.The meninges is a collective term for three distinct layers surrounding the brain and spinal column-the dura mater (outermost membrane layer),the arachnoid,and the pia mater (innermost membrane layer).

Question 2

The middle layer of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:&#10;A)dura mater.&#10;B)meninges.&#10;C)arachnoid.&#10;D)pia mater.

Accepted Answer

Because of the vital and essential role of the CNS in the body's regulatory processes,the brain and spinal cord have two protective coverings: an outer covering consisting of bone and an inner covering of membranes called the meninges.The meninges is a collective term for three distinct layers surrounding the brain and spinal column-the dura mater (outermost membrane layer),the arachnoid,and the pia mater (innermost membrane layer).

Question 3

A condition characterized by concomitant meningitis that occurs with encephalitis is called:&#10;A)meningoencephalitis.&#10;B)aseptic meningitis.&#10;C)encephalitis.&#10;D)pleocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma and is usually a result of viral infection.Concomitant meningitis that occurs with encephalitis is known as meningoencephalitis.

Question 4

The most common source(s)of infection in the central nervous system (CNS)is(are):&#10;A)hematogenous spread.&#10;B)infections at other sites such as otitis media.&#10;C)organisms gaining access because of anatomic defects in CNS structures.&#10;D)bacteria that are able to travel along nerves leading to the brain.

Accepted Answer

Organisms may gain access to the CNS by several primary routes.Hematogenous spread is the most common way that the CNS becomes infected.Direct spread from an infected site,defects in the CNS structures,and travel along the nerves leading to the brain are other routes.

Question 5

Specialized secretory cells centrally located in the brain in the third and fourth ventricles that produce CSF are called the:&#10;A)choroid plexus.&#10;B)ventricles.&#10;C)meninges.&#10;D)pia mater.

Accepted Answer

Specialized secretory cells called the choroid plexus produce CSF.The choroid plexus is located centrally within the brain in the third and fourth ventricles.

Question 6

The innermost membrane layer surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:&#10;A)dura mater.&#10;B)meninges.&#10;C)arachnoid.&#10;D)pia mater.

Accepted Answer

Because of the vital and essential role of the CNS in the body's regulatory processes,the brain and spinal cord have two protective coverings: an outer covering consisting of bone and an inner covering of membranes called the meninges.The meninges is a collective term for three distinct layers surrounding the brain and spinal column-the dura mater (outermost membrane layer),the arachnoid,and the pia mater (innermost membrane layer).

Question 7

An increase of lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells (pleocytosis)in the CSF and negative bacterial and fungal cultures is referred to as:&#10;A)meningoencephalitis.&#10;B)aseptic meningitis.&#10;C)encephalitis.&#10;D)pleocytosis.

Accepted Answer

Aseptic meningitis is characterized by an increase of lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells (pleocytosis)in the CSF and negative cultures.Patients may have fever,headache,a stiff neck,and nausea and vomiting.Aseptic meningitis is commonly associated with viral infections and is usually a self-limiting infection.Aseptic meningitis is also a component of syphilis and some other spirochetal diseases.

Question 8

Infection within the subarachnoid space or throughout the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane is referred to as:&#10;A)meningoencephalitis.&#10;B)aseptic meningitis.&#10;C)encephalitis.&#10;D)meningitis.

Accepted Answer

Infection within the subarachnoid space or throughout the leptomeninges is called meningitis.Based on the host's response to the invading microorganism,meningitis is divided into two major categories: purulent meningitis and aseptic meningitis.

Question 9

An inflammation of the brain parenchyma that is usually a result of viral infection is:&#10;A)meningoencephalitis.&#10;B)aseptic meningitis.&#10;C)encephalitis.&#10;D)meningitis.

Accepted Answer

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma and is usually a result of viral infection.

Question 10

Proper storage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)sent to the laboratory for bacterial culture includes:&#10;A)refrigeration for up to 23 hours.&#10;B)freezing at 70&#176;C.&#10;C)incubation at 35&#176;C.&#10;D)freezing at temperatures above 70&#176;C.

Accepted Answer

CSF should be immediately hand-delivered to the laboratory.Specimens should never be refrigerated.Certain agents,such as Streptococcus pneumoniae,may not be detectable after an hour or longer unless antigen detection methods are used.If not rapidly processed,then CSF should be incubated (35°C)or left at room temperature.One exception to this rule involves CSF for viral studies.These specimens may be refrigerated for as long as 23 hours after collection or frozen at -70°C if a longer delay is anticipated until they are inoculated.CSF for viral studies should never be frozen at temperatures above -70°C.

Question 11

A collective term used for the three layers of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal column is the:&#10;A)dura mater.&#10;B)meninges.&#10;C)arachnoid.&#10;D)pia mater.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A collective term used for the three...

Question 12

The large,fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the:&#10;A)choroid plexus.&#10;B)ventricles.&#10;C)meninges.&#10;D)pia mater.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The large,fluid-filled spaces within the brain are...

Deck 69: Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems