Question 1

MATCHING&#10;Match the condition with its definition.&#10;a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract&#10;b.Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection&#10;c.Infection of the bladder&#10;d.Dysuria,frequency,and urgency,but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture&#10;e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma,calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis),and pelvis&#10;Asymptomatic bacteriuria

Accepted Answer

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection.

Answer: D 
 Dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture is indicative of a urinary tract infection, but with fewer bacteria than normal.

Answer: C 
 Infection of the bladder is cystitis.

Answer: A 
 Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract is urethritis.

Answer: E 
 Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis), and the pelvis is pyelonephritis.

Question 2

MATCHING&#10;Match the condition with its definition.&#10;a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract&#10;b.Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection&#10;c.Infection of the bladder&#10;d.Dysuria,frequency,and urgency,but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture&#10;e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma,calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis),and pelvis&#10;Pyelonephritis

Accepted Answer

Pyelonephritis is defined as the inflammation of the kidney parenchyma, calices, and pelvis, typically due to a bacterial infection.

Question 3

MATCHING&#10;Match the condition with its definition.&#10;a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract&#10;b.Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection&#10;c.Infection of the bladder&#10;d.Dysuria,frequency,and urgency,but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture&#10;e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma,calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis),and pelvis&#10;Acute urethral syndrome

Accepted Answer

Acute urethral syndrome is characterized by symptoms of dysuria, frequency, and urgency, but with a urine culture that shows fewer than 10^5 colony-forming units per milliliter, distinguishing it from a typical urinary tract infection where a higher count of bacteria would be expected.

Question 4

MATCHING&#10;Match the condition with its definition.&#10;a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract&#10;b.Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection&#10;c.Infection of the bladder&#10;d.Dysuria,frequency,and urgency,but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture&#10;e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma,calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis),and pelvis&#10;Urethritis

Accepted Answer

Urethritis is defined as an infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract, which typically involves inflammation of the urethra.

Question 5

MATCHING&#10;Match the condition with its definition.&#10;a.Infection of the terminal portion of the lower urinary tract&#10;b.Isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs of urinary infection&#10;c.Infection of the bladder&#10;d.Dysuria,frequency,and urgency,but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture&#10;e.Inflammation of the kidney parenchyma,calices (cup-shaped division of the renal pelvis),and pelvis&#10;Cystitis

Accepted Answer

Cystitis is defined as an infection of the bladder.

Question 6

The most frequent cause of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections is:&#10;A)S.saprophyticus.&#10;B)Klebsiella spp.&#10;C)E.coli.&#10;D)Proteus.

Accepted Answer

E.coli is the most frequently isolated agent of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Question 7

Mucosal antibacterial properties,a valvelike mechanism,host immune responses,and defensins are all host defense mechanisms found in the ______ tract.&#10;A)digestive&#10;B)upper respiratory&#10;C)urinary&#10;D)genital

Accepted Answer

Host defense mechanisms are often able to eliminate organisms before they cause infection.One such defense is a valvelike mechanism at the junction of the ureter and bladder that prevents the backward flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract.

Question 8

The resident microflora that can colonize the bladder and other structures of the urinary tract are:&#10;A)Enterobacteriaceae.&#10;B)yeast.&#10;C)Propionibacterium acnes.&#10;D)Corynebacteria.

Accepted Answer

The urethra has resident microflora that colonizes its epithelium in the distal portion;these organisms are lactobacilli,corynebacteria,and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

Question 9

The most common etiologic agent in uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infection is:&#10;A)Escherichia coli.&#10;B)Klebsiella spp.&#10;C)Staphylococcus saprophyticus.&#10;D)Streptococcus pyogenes.

Accepted Answer

E.coli is the most frequently isolated agent of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections.

Question 10

The term acute urethral syndrome is used to describe a syndrome of symptoms that include:&#10;A)greater than 105 colony-forming units of bacteria per milliliter (CFU/mL)of urine,dysuria,and frequent urination.&#10;B)dysuria,frequency,and urgency but a specimen yielding fewer organisms than 105 CFU/mL urine on culture.&#10;C)fever and flank pain,dysuria,vomiting,diarrhea,chills,increased heart rate,and lower abdominal pain.&#10;D)dysuria,frequency and urgency along with tenderness and pain over the area of the bladder.

Accepted Answer

Patients with this syndrome are primarily young,sexually active women,who experience dysuria,frequency,and urgency,but a specimen yields fewer organisms than 10⁵ CFU/mL urine on culture.Almost 50% of all women who seek medical attention for complaints of symptoms of acute cystitis fall into this group.

Deck 71: Infections of the Urinary Tract