Deck 9: Biodiversity 2: Fungi and Plants

Question 1

Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use?

A) In the leaves
B) In the stems
C) In the flowers
D) In the roots

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The edible portion of the mushroom is the ________.

A) mycelium
B) hypha
C) spore
D) above-ground reproductive structure

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How does a plant get the carbon it needs to make glucose?

A) From the soil
B) From the air
C) From the water
D) From fungus or bacteria

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What are some challenges land plants face compared to life in the water?

A) Obtaining and retaining moisture
B) Staying upright against the pull of gravity
C) Obtaining resources from air and soil instead of from water
D) All of the above are challenges faced by land plants.

Question 5

Fungi spores are haploid; what distinguishes haploid spores?

A) Like diploid organisms, haploid spores have a double set of chromosomes.
B) Haploid spores have a single set of chromosomes, half the number of chromosomes of diploid organisms.
C) Haploid spores have a double set of chromosomes, half the number of chromosomes of diploid organisms.
D) Like diploid organisms, haploid spores have a single set of chromosomes.

Question 6

Are all fungi prokaryotes?

A) Yes, all fungi are prokaryotes.
B) No, some are prokaryotes, some are eukaryotes.
C) No, they are all eukaryotes.
D) No, they are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes.

Question 7

Humans are more related to fungi than to plants.

Question 8

Fungi are made of bundles of threadlike ________.

A) mycelia
B) hyphae
C) chitins
D) lichens

Question 9

What is a major role that fungi play in ecosystems?

A) Recycling nutrients from dead organisms back into the food chain
B) Fixing carbon from the atmosphere
C) Synthesizing glucose from carbon dioxide and water
D) Photosynthesis

Question 10

Which of the following is a fungus?

A) Yeast used to make bread
B) Mushrooms
C) Truffles
D) All of the above are fungi

Question 11

What characteristic do plants,algae,and some bacteria have in common that is not shared with fungi or animals?

A) They have cell walls.
B) They can do photosynthesis.
C) They contain mycorrhizae.
D) They have spores.

Question 12

Why are roots essential for terrestrial plants?

A) They absorb carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis.
B) They allow plants to obtain sun energy.
C) They absorb water and minerals needed for growth.
D) None of the above; plants can function without roots.

Question 13

How does a plant's cuticle allow it to live on land?

A) By preventing water loss
B) By absorbing nutrients from the soil
C) By preventing the gametes from drying out
D) By increasing structural support

Question 14

If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked,how would this affect the plant?

A) The leaves would dry out.
B) Sugars could not be made.
C) Sugars could not be transported from leaves to roots.
D) Water could not be sent to the roots.

Question 15

What are the two types of symbiotic relationships in plants?

A) Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in mycorrhizae
B) Bacteria in mycorrhizae, fungi in root nodules
C) Bacteria in root nodules, fungi in root hairs
D) Bacteria in root hairs, fungi in root nodules

Question 16

Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?

A) Fungi do not produce spores.
B) Many fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually.
C) Fungi can only reproduce sexually.
D) Fungi alternate between sexual and asexual reproductive generations.

Question 17

What is the most recent common ancestor of fungi and animals?

A) A protist
B) Moss
C) A bryophyte
D) Algae

Question 18

If a fungicide was applied near a plant,how might it kill the plant?

A) By killing the fungus associated with the plant's roots
B) By breaking down the chitin in the plant's cell walls
C) By killing the insects that pollinate the plants
D) Fungicides kill fungi, not plants, so the plant would be fine.

Question 19

What are the charophytes?

A) Algae that live symbiotically with fungi
B) An extinct group of protists that may have given rise to the fungi
C) Smallest living plants
D) Closest living ancestors of the first plants

Question 20

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

A) By the fusion of gametes from two different fungi
B) By the fusion of spores from two different fungi
C) By the fusion of hyphae from two different fungi
D) Fungi reproduce only by asexual reproduction

Question 21

All plant organs (such as leaves,roots,and stems)contain tissues from all three tissue systems.

Question 22

Which is the most recent plant adaptation to have evolved?

A) Seeds
B) Vascular system
C) Flowers
D) Cones

Question 23

Why must mosses live in moist environments?

A) Because they lack a waxy outer layer
B) Because they depend on water to reproduce
C) Because they grow as a mat
D) Because they are pollinated by fish and aquatic insects

Question 24

Ferns often have small bumps called sori arranged in rows on their undersides.What are these structures?

A) Spore capsules
B) Seed capsules
C) Nodules containing symbiotic bacteria
D) Parasites

Question 25

Not all plants have seeds.What advantage do seeds provide a plant?

A) Plants with seeds need not go through an alternation of generations.
B) Plants with seeds need not produce gametes.
C) Plants with seeds need not produce cones.
D) Plants with seeds are not dependent on water for reproduction.

Question 26

The tall ferns that we typically see in the tropics and temperate woodlands are the ________.

A) sporophytes
B) gametophytes
C) gametes
D) spores

Question 27

What role does lignin play in a plant's adaptation to life on land?

A) Prevents drying out
B) Strengthens the cell wall to allow plants to stand up straight and tall
C) Anchors the plant in the soil to allow plants to grow tall
D) Transports nutrients throughout the plant

Question 28

The xylem primarily transports ________,while the phloem primarily transports ________.

A) sugars; water and minerals
B) oxygen and carbon dioxide; sugars
C) water and minerals; sugars
D) water and minerals; oxygen

Question 29

What are the three tissue systems of plants contained in each plant organ,such as leaves?

A) Dermal, cell wall, and vascular tissue systems
B) Ground, germ, and vascular tissue systems
C) Dermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems
D) Ground, mesophyll, and vascular tissue systems

Question 30

Which is not a characteristic of the gymnosperms?

A) Cones
B) Seeds
C) Pollen
D) Flowers

Question 31

In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells?

A) Dermal tissue system
B) Vascular tissue system
C) Germ tissue system
D) Ground tissue system

Question 32

What does a gametophyte produce?

A) Haploid gametes
B) Diploid gametes
C) Haploid spores
D) Diploid spores

Question 33

What do gymnosperms and angiosperms have in common?

A) Flowers
B) Seeds
C) Spores
D) None of these

Question 34

While mosses can cover a significant area of land,they are never more than a few centimeters tall.Why do they not grow tall?

A) They have no vascular system, so they cannot transport water over long distances.
B) They are annuals and simply don't live long enough to get very tall.
C) They don't get enough sunlight to grow tall.
D) Herbivores constantly eat them to the ground.

Question 35

The xylem is made from ________.

A) elongated living cells
B) dead, hollow cells
C) tubular living cells
D) intercellular spaces between cells

Question 36

Which plants do not have roots?

A) Bryophytes
B) Ferns
C) Angiosperms
D) Gymnosperms

Question 37

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of bryophytes not seen in the other plant groups?

A) They exhibit alternation of generations.
B) They produce flowers.
C) The gametophyte is larger than the sporophyte.
D) They produce diploid spores.

Question 38

What is a tuber?

A) A reproductive structure on a plant
B) A drought-resistant life stage of a plant
C) A sugar storage structure of a plant
D) A water storage structure of a plant

Question 39

Fern sperm are ________,which is why ferns are dependent on water for reproduction.

A) amoeboid
B) ciliated
C) flagellated
D) None of these

Question 40

Why are gymnosperms no longer restricted to moist environments,as are ferns and mosses?

A) Because they have a new adaptation, seeds, that allow gametes independence from water
B) Because they have a new adaptation, cones, that group gametes together
C) Because they have a new adaptation, vascular tissues, that allow for the transport of water
D) Because they have a new adaptation, lignin, that allows better transportation of water

Question 41

In which region of the plant are you most likely to find cells dividing by mitosis?

A) Meristem region
B) Growth rings
C) Heartwood
D) Sapwood

Question 42

What is the main purpose of flowers?

A) To attract pollinators
B) To be pleasing to the human eye
C) To attract attention in the landscape
D) To attract predators

Question 43

Explain how the diversification of mammals may have been greatly aided by the diversification of the angiosperms,and vice versa.

Question 44

The male part of the flower is the ________.

A) petal
B) stamen
C) carpel
D) sepal

Question 45

Imagine you were driving westward on a road in a wooded area.If ferns were growing in the area,which side of the road would they most likely be growing,and why wouldn't they be growing as well on the other side?

Question 46

Most of our food crops come from angiosperms.

Question 47

Assuming it doesn't die unexpectedly,how often would you need to replant an annual plant?

A) Every season
B) Every year
C) Every two years
D) Never

Question 48

The pollen tube grows from the ________ to the ________,where it eventually fertilizes the egg.

A) anther; style
B) sepal; filament
C) stigma; ovule
D) petal; ovary

Question 49

The book mentions that maple syrup comes from the xylem sap of a tree.While this is true,why do you think most people assume it comes from the phloem sap?

Question 50

Besides edible and poisonous mushrooms,describe two fungi that are beneficial to humans and two fungi that are harmful to humans.

Question 51

Name four ways roots benefit a plant.

Question 52

What is the reproductive organ of angiosperms?

A) Cones
B) Flowers
C) Seeds
D) Fruits

Question 53

What causes the annual growth rings of trees?

A) Damage caused by fungi that occurs during the wetter months
B) Residual bark left over when the trunk of the tree expands
C) Different growth rates at different times of the year
D) Sugars left over from the previous summer

Question 54

Which type of angiosperm typically has parallel leaf veins and a fibrous root system?

A) Monocot
B) Dicot
C) Conifer
D) Legume

Question 55

Which statement related to gymnosperm reproduction is true?

A) Spores produce pollen grains, which contain sperm.
B) Two sperm are required to fertilize the ovule.
C) Many gymnosperms rely on insects for pollination.
D) Gymnosperm reproduction is so inefficient that gymnosperms do not grow very tall or live for very long.

Question 56

What plant group has the largest number of living species?

A) Seedless vascular plants
B) Cone-bearing plants
C) Flowering plants
D) Seedless, nonvascular plants

Question 57

What is a fruit?

A) A plant embryo
B) The protective endosperm
C) A swollen plant zygote
D) A mature ovary

Question 58

Why do pine trees have two different types of cones?

A) One type produces the gametophyte, the other type produces the sporophyte.
B) One type produces ovules, the other type produces pollen.
C) One type is produced in the fall, the other type is produced in the spring.
D) One type produces seeds, the other type produces fruit.