Deck 4: Physical Evidence

Question 1

Any impression,cut,gouge,or abrasion made when a tool comes into contact with another object,for forensic purposes,is

A) a tool mark.
B) an element of the burglary.
C) the modus operandi of the suspect.
D) possibly any of the preceding depending on the circumstances of the case.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is/are guidelines to be used in handling soil evidence?

A) Gather soil as quickly as sound action permits.
B) Collect soil samples where there are noticeable changes in composition, color, and texture.
C) Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the questioned soil may have originated.
D) All are guidelines to be used in handling soil evidence.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which characteristic can be identified as originating from a particular person or source?

A) Class.
B) Primary.
C) Latent.
D) Individual.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What type of print is created when fingers touch against some material such as a newly painted surface?

A) Latex
B) Contaminated
C) Plastic
D) Latent

Question 5

Which is true about fingerprints?

A) Everyone has them and at least one fingerprint pattern will be duplicated on a person's toe.
B) Identical twins have identical fingerprints.
C) Contaminated prints are created when fingers touch a surface like fresh putty.
D) DFO is about three times more effective than ninhydrin in developing latent prints on paper.

Question 6

Which of the following is a major fingerprint pattern?

A) Double Central
B) Looped Arch
C) Depressed Loop
D) Plain Whorl

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Bore is the correct term to apply to the radius of the interior of a weapon's barrel.
B) In a rifled bore, the bore is measured from one groove to an opposing groove.
C) With a rifled bore, the projectile usually rotates in a left-hand direction.
D) It is possible to fire a smaller caliber bullet through a larger bored weapon.

Question 8

A handgun used in a murder is recovered by a diver.Which of the following should be used to develop any latent prints?

A) Small Particular Reagent (SPR)
B) Amido Black
C) SuperGlue
D) Basic Yellow 40

Question 9

The direction of a shot through a glass window can be determined by

A) Concentric cracks
B) Radial cracks
C) A cone shaped area on the opposite side from impact
D) All of the above

Question 10

A fracture match occurs when

A) It is established that two or more pieces were formerly joined together.
B) Multiple items are compared to each other.
C) Multiple items share the same chemical consistency.
D) None of the above are examples of fracture matches

Question 11

Which of the following information cannot be provided by a forensic examination of hair?

A) The area of the body from which the hair came as well as the race of the donor.
B) The manner in which the hair was removed: cut or forcible pulled out.
C) What drugs were ingested and how long ago they were consumed.
D) Approximate age of the donor.

Question 12

Many victims are bitten during an attack.What is the primary significance of a bite mark to the investigator?

A) Can provide the M.O. of the perpetrator.
B) Can provide sites for DNA collection of saliva from the suspect which can lead to the identification of the suspect.
C) Can aid in deciding what charges to apply when the suspect is arrested.
D) Can aid in determining whether or not the suspect should be charged as a sexual criminal.

Question 13

Under ordinary conditions laboratory examination of blood evidence can determine all of the following except

A) the sex of the person.
B) the blood type of the person and their DNA profile.
C) the race of the person.
D) whether the person was a smoker.

Question 14

Which is used as a presumptive or preliminary field test for blood?

A) Hemident
B) Limpit
C) Dolcet
D) Nodocen

Question 15

Rope,cord,string and tape are more likely to be found at this type of crime.

A) Car theft
B) Extortion
C) Rape/sexual assault
D) None of the above

Question 16

What is the preferred medium for casting prints due to its greater strength,quicker setting time,ease of use and because it provides more detailed impressions?

A) Plaster of Paris.
B) Dental Stone.
C) Concrete.
D) None of the above.

Question 17

Which of the following have friction ridges that are commonly referred to as "fingerprints."

A) Soles of the feet
B) Toes
C) Fingers
D) All of the above

Question 18

Skeletal,burned,or mutilated remains can best be identified by

A) carbon dating.
B) fingerprints.
C) the use of dental records.
D) combinations of physical and circumstantial evidence.

Question 19

Which should be used to collect fresh liquid blood evidence at a crime scene?

A) Clean cotton cloth
B) Paper
C) Tape
D) All of the choices are correct

Question 20

Which of the following is not a determination that can be made from cartridge cases?

A) Marks made on the cartridge case as it is loaded into the chamber for firing.
B) A pin impression made on the base of the cartridge case which is caused by the firing of the weapon.
C) Striations made when expanding gases force the cartridge case against the chamber wall and marks left by the same gases when they force the cartridge case back against the breach.
D) Bullet residue from the fired bullet that is "shaved" off as it exits the gun barrel.

Question 21

Collect soil samples from a depth that is consistent with the depth at which the questioned soil may have originated.

Question 22

Glue fuming of the deceased's body,followed by the application of fluorescent powders,is a recommended approach to developing latent prints on the victim's body.

Question 23

The Shoeprint Image Capture and Retrieval System (SICAR)is a software package that classifies,archives,identifies,and names the shoe store that sold the shoes.

Question 24

Characteristics of physical evidence that are common to a group of objects or persons are termed individual characteristics whereas class characteristics can be identified,with a high degree of probability,as originating with a particular person or source.

Question 25

Loosely defined,a document is anything

A) to which a notary seal has been affixed.
B) with legal meaning.
C) on which a mark has been made for the purpose of conveying a message.
D) officially used.

Question 26

If glass fragments are sufficiently large to allow for a fracture match,glass may assume individuality.A fracture match can only be made in the crime lab.

Question 27

Laboratory examination may be able to determine which of the following for questioned documents?

A) Establish the source of the paper through watermarks.
B) Determine if the document is authentic or fake
C) Determine the age of the document
D) All of the above are possible determinations

Question 28

The most common method of developing latent/invisible prints is through the use of traditional ________.

Question 29

It is possible to determine the direction from which a bullet penetrated glass: on the same side of the surface of initial impact,there will be a characteristic cone-shaped area.The larger area of the cone shape indicates the area from which the bullet was fired.

Question 30

Cord and rope have essentially the same characteristics as string,and all have some characteristics of fibers.

Question 31

Tool marks are most commonly found at this type of crime.

A) Burglary
B) Robbery
C) Assault
D) None of the above

Question 32

Usually,paint is class-characteristic evidence,although in some cases it reaches the level of individual evidence.

Question 33

A fingerprint is a replica of the friction ridges that touched the surface on which the print was found.

Question 34

This type of crime is more likely to have disputed or questioned documents.

A) Assault
B) White collar crimes
C) Burglary
D) Car theft

Question 35

When the finger leaving the print is very contaminated,both the ridge surfaces and their "valleys" get filled up,resulting in a smeared appearance with little value as evidence.

Question 36

When a suspect does not give informed consent to obtain bite mark evidence,the courts provide two methods of obtaining these records: a court order or a ________.

Question 37

Latent/invisible prints are associated with the small amounts of body perspiration and oil that are normally found on the friction ridges.A latent print is created when the friction ridges deposit these materials on a surface.

Question 38

________ is used to develop latent prints on the adhesive side of almost any kind of tape and is also useful on plastic surfaces.The results can be enhanced by viewing the treated area under laser illumination.

Question 39

Blood stains,known as ________,may take many forms at a crime scene,produced by such factors as the type,location,and number of wounds inflicted.

Question 40

What evidentiary information is obtained when the ink used to write a message involved in a crime is compared with the ink recovered from a suspect?

A) Identifies the suspect.
B) Identifies the pen used in writing the note.
C) Determines whether or not the inks have consistent characteristics.
D) No evidentiary information can be obtained.

Question 41

When analyzing blood evidence,the more elliptical the stain,the more ________ the angle of impact.

Question 42

How do you collect bite mark evidence?

Question 43

The ________ is the diameter of the bullet,whereas the bore is the diameter of the barrel's interior between its opposing high sides,or lands.

Question 44

________ are made when expanding gases force the cartridge case against the chamber wall and marks left by the same gases when they force the cartridge case back against the breach face of the weapon.

Question 45

A __________________ document is one whose origin or authenticity is in doubt.

Question 46

What are class and individual characteristics?

Question 47

How would you recover shoeprints?

Question 48

How are unknown/questioned and known samples alike or different?

Question 49

What three factors account for the rapid rise in superglue fuming?

Question 50

You collect a shirt with wet bloodstains on it at the crime scene.What do you do with it?

Question 51

For forensic purposes,a ________ is any impression,cut,gouge,or abrasion made when a tool comes into contact with another object.

Question 52

Identify and discuss the three broad categories of latent fingerprints.

Question 53

Define fracture match and discuss its use and importance in criminal investigations.

Question 54

It may be possible to reconstruct a crime based on the analysis of blood stains.Identify six determinations which may be made from this type of analysis.

Question 55

Dicuss the conditions that affect the quality of fingerprints.