Deck 1: The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science

Question 1

In 1833,_______ an ordinance creating America's first paid,daylight police force?

A) Philadelphia
B) Chicago
C) New York City
D) Baltimore

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What early method of criminal identification is based on the fact that every human being differs from every other one in the exact measurements of their body,and that the sum of these measurements yields a characteristic formula for each individual?

A) Dactylography.
B) Ectomorphism.
C) Anthropometry.
D) Meso-morphism.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The first country to use fingerprints as a system of criminal identification was:

A) Germany.
B) France.
C) China.
D) England.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Palo Verde case is significant because it _______________

A) excluded evidence due to improper police training.
B) was the first use of plant DNA in a criminal case.
C) established the scientific basis for dactylography.
D) confirmed Gravelle's Principal.

Question 5

The father of criminal identification is:

A) Hans Gross.
B) Alfonse Bertillon.
C) Edward Henry.
D) William Herschel.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the reasons cited in the textbook for having reliable detectives in Americain the 1800's?

A) Graft and corruption were common among America's big city police officers.
B) Police jurisdictions were limited.
C) There was little information sharing among police departments.
D) All of the above are reasons cited in the textbook.

Question 7

What municipal agency was the first to establish a Criminal Identification Bureau?

A) Chicago, Ill.
B) Atlanta, GA.
C) Philadelphia, PA.
D) New Orleans, LA.

Question 8

The first major book describing the application of scientific disciplines to criminal investigation was written in 1893 by Hans Gross.Translated into English in 1906,it remains highly respected today as a seminal work in the field.What is the book's title?

A) Criminal Investigation.
B) The Scientific Method of Criminal Inquiry.
C) Science and Criminal Conduct.
D) Forensic Science and Crime.

Question 9

What was the original mission of the Secret Service when created by Congress in 1865?

A) Combat counterfeiting.
B) Provide protection for Presidents.
C) Prevent drug importation into this country.
D) All of the preceding was addressed in the Secret Service's original Charter.

Question 10

Which state and city was the first to create a unified police force in this country?

A) New Orleans, LA.
B) New York, NY.
C) Baltimore, MD.
D) Philadelphia, PA

Question 11

The first modern detective force was

A) the Bow Street Runners.
B) established by the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829.
C) created by Patrick Colquhoun.
D) headed by attorney Howard Vincent.

Question 12

A rogues' gallery is

A) only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more.
B) photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and height.
C) a line-up of known offenders for viewing by detectives so they can recognize the criminals later on the street.
D) only practical in cities of 100,000 population or more and are photographs of known criminals arranged by criminal specialty and physical height.

Question 13

When the London Metropolitan Police force was established in 1829,the British public was at first suspicious and at times even hostile towards it because

A) King Edward II had supported its creation.
B) Rowan and Mayne had intimate ties to the royal family.
C) social reformers such as Jeremy Bentham had long argued that it was a danger to personal liberty.
D) French citizens had experienced oppression under centralized police.

Question 14

After the Civil War,Pinkerton's National Detective Agency engaged in the two broad areas of ____________?

A) Locating war criminals and providing protection to the President of the United States.
B) Controlling a discontented working class and protection of the President of the United States.
C) Pursuing bank robbers and arresting train robbers.
D) Controlling a discontented working class and pursuing bank and railroad robbers.

Question 15

During 1961-1966,the U.S.Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights of criminal suspects and defendants.This is referred to as the ____________

A) radical court era.
B) conservative court era.
C) due process revolution.
D) ex-post facto period.

Question 16

The Harrison Act of 1914 mad the distribution of nonmedical drugs a crime.The agency currently charged with enforcing its provisions is _________________.

A) Federal Bureau of Investigations
B) Narcotics Bureau
C) Drug Enforcement Agency
D) Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs

Question 17

In 1985,research by ______________ and his colleagues at Leicester University,England led to the discovery that portions of the DNA structure of certain genes are as unique to individuals,as are fingerprints.

A) Watson
B) Ashworth
C) Crick
D) Jeffreys

Question 18

Which agency was the prototype for modern state police organizations?

A) New York State Police.
B) Georgia State Police.
C) Pennsylvania State Police.
D) Pinkerton International Detective Agency.

Question 19

What is the significance of the Enderby Cases that are referred to in the textbook?

A) It proved without a doubt that DNA results were unreliable in court.
B) The first use of DNA to exonerate a person convicted of the rape of two persons.
C) The first use of DNA typing in a criminal trial.
D) Both B and C.

Question 20

Which 1903 case was the most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in America?

A) Lindberg kidnapping.
B) "James Jones."
C) West.
D) Faurot.

Question 21

_______________________ is considered most responsible for raising firearms identification to a science and for perfecting the bullet comparison microscope?

A) Paul Jeserich.
B) Henri Lacassagne.
C) Henry Balthazard.
D) Calvin Goddard.

Question 22

In 1913,Professor Balthazard published an article on firearms identification in which he noted that the firing pin,extractor,and ejector all leave marks on cartridges,and that they vary among weapons.

Question 23

The Metropolitan Police act was enacted in 1829,the first time it was introduced in England's Parliament.

Question 24

Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines,such as geology,physics,chemistry,biology,and mathematics,to study physical evidence related to crime.

Question 25

After Prohibition was adopted nationally in 1920,the Bureau of Internal Revenue was responsible for its enforcement.

Question 26

The Orlando Cases set the stage for the first use of DNA typing in the United States.

Question 27

When Prohibition was repealed by the 18ᵗʰ Amendment to the U.S.Constitution in 1933,many former bootleggers turned to bank robbery and kidnapping.It then became the FBI's role to deal with the criminals.

Question 28

________ efforts led to the establishment of the London Metropolitan Police in 1829.English police officers are still affectionately referred to as "bobbies," a play on his first name.

Question 29

Which of the following is not one of the three major scientific systems for personal identification of criminals in wide use?

A) Anthropometry.
B) Dactylography.
C) Ectomorphism.
D) Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 30

In 1892,who published the first definitive book on dactylography,Finger Prints?

A) Sir Francis Galton.
B) Henri Lacassagne.
C) Henry Balthazard.
D) Calvin Goddard.

Question 31

In 1967,the ________ was made operational by the FBI,providing data on wanted persons and property stolen from all 50 states.

Question 32

Who made the first successful attempt to identify a murderer from the bullet recovered from the body of a victim?

A) Paul Jeserich.
B) Henri Lacassagne.
C) Henry Balthazard.
D) Henry Goddard.

Question 33

The impact of Supreme Court decisions in criminal investigation cases and the adaptation to them by the police has

A) slowed police professionalization.
B) hastened police professionalization.
C) had no effect on the police.
D) handcuffed the police.

Question 34

The Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs was an offshoot organization from the Drug Enforcement Administration that was formed to handle national terroristic drug use.

Question 35

Pinkerton's National Detective Agency's trademark was an open eye above the slogan "We are ever Vigilant."

Question 36

To supplement the rogues' gallery,Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9 o'clock every morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before his detectives who were expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.

Question 37

Without exception,every person has distinctive DNA.In every cell of the same human that contains DNA,this blueprint is identical,whether the material is blood,tissue,spermatozoa,bone marrow,tooth pulp,or a hair root cell.

Question 38

Stephen Girard bequeathed $33,190 to ________ to develop a competent police force.

Question 39

The major private detective agency of the 19ᵗʰ century was formed by ________.

Question 40

Bertillon produced the portrait parle' or "speaking picture," which combines full-face and profile photographs of each criminal with his or her exact body measurements and other descriptive data onto a single card.

Question 41

What are the milestones in the development of dactylography?

Question 42

Why does the Henry classification enjoy greater use than Vucetich's system?

Question 43

________ helped produce the first workable polygraph in 1921 and established America's first full forensic laboratory in Los Angeles in 1923.

Question 44

What parallels can be drawn between Allan Pinkerton and J.Edgar Hoover?

Question 45

The ________ revolution and subsequent Supreme Court decisions changed questionable and improper police procedures and tactics.

Question 46

The first foreigner trained in the use of the Henry classification system was New York City Detective ________ in 1904.

Question 47

Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?

Question 48

What are seven different human sources of DNA material identified in this chapter?

Question 49

All crime scenes are searched on the basis of Edmond Locard's ________,which asserts that when perpetrators come into contact with the scene,they will leave something of themselves and take away something from the scene.

Question 50

The ________ Cases involved blood samples from about 5,500 men living in the area for DNA typing in an attempt to identify a rape suspect.

Question 51

Of what significance is the palo verde seedpod case in Phoenix,Arizona?

Question 52

What are the milestones in the development of firearms identification?

Question 53

What did the "due process revolution" and subsequent Supreme Court decisions change with respect to the police?

Question 54

Why did the British public object to the use of detectives following the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829?

Question 55

Why did the office of detective in this country initially evolve in the private sector?