Deck 4: Sleep

Question 1

The pituitary gland releases

A) epinephrine, which increases relaxation and sleepiness.
B) growth hormone, which helps repair body tissues.
C) melatonin, which interacts with stimulants such as caffeine to increase alertness.
D) a chemical similar to zolpidem, a drug sold under the trade name Ambien.

Answer 1

growth hormone, which helps repair body tissues.

Question 2

Most young adults have a circadian rhythm that tells them to fall asleep ________ in the evening and to wake up ________ in the morning than older adults.

A) earlier; later
B) later; earlier
C) later; later
D) earlier; earlier

Answer 2

later; later

Question 3

At which stage of NREM sleep will you feel most groggy if you are suddenly awakened from it?

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 3
D) stage 4

Answer 3

stage 4

Question 4

Which of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?

A) Lanny-alcoholic, five pounds overweight, snores, age 35
B) Julie-avoids alcohol and tobacco, 50 pounds overweight, age 42
C) Don-smoker, 40 pounds overweight, sleeps on back, age 50
D) Thad-thyroid disease, physically fit, age 28

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding sleep apnea is FALSE?

A) In central sleep apnea, the brain does not correctly regulate the diaphragm and other breathing mechanisms.
B) Death may occur during sleep as a result of sleep apnea.
C) Sleep apnea may increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
D) Sleep apnea is characterized by continuous snoring.

Question 6

The suprachiasmic nuclei

A) report changes in light levels during the day and night to the optic nerve.
B) release growth hormone, which helps repair body tissues.
C) are located in the brain stem.
D) control falling asleep and awakening.

Question 7

All of the following are causes of insomnia in adult women,EXCEPT

A) premenstrual syndrome.
B) bulky soft tissue in the neck and throat.
C) menopausal hot flashes.
D) effects of pregnancy.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the association between sleep and health is FALSE?

A) Natural immune system moderators increase during deep sleep to promote resistance to viral infections.
B) Growth and repair of the body's tissues occurs during sleep, which helps to prevent certain types of cancer.
C) Sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are associated with heart attacks and obesity.
D) Good nutrition and exercise are more important to a healthy lifestyle than sleep.

Question 9

Molly often awakes snorting and gasping for air in the middle of the night.Molly most likely has what sleep disorder?

A) insomnia
B) narcolepsy
C) night eating syndrome
D) sleep apnea

Question 10

Which of the following statements about human sleep cycles is true?

A) After each successive cycle, time spent in REM sleep decreases by half.
B) Typically, an individual experiences four to five sleep cycles each night.
C) The sleep cycle pattern is consistent for an individual across the lifespan.
D) The time spent in stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep increases in the later sleep cycles.

Question 11

Sleep disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

A) REM behavior disorder.
B) sleep apnea.
C) insomnia.
D) sleepwalking.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an effect of sleep deprivation?

A) lowered anger threshold
B) lowered blood sugar
C) nervousness
D) reduced motivation

Question 13

Dave lies in bed for a full hour each night before falling asleep and then proceeds to wake up multiple times throughout the night.He most likely has what sleep disorder?

A) sleep apnea
B) night terrors
C) insomnia
D) night eating syndrome

Question 14

Scientists believe that creative and novel ideas are more likely to flourish during which state of sleep?

A) NREM sleep
B) REM sleep
C) stage 3 or 4 sleep
D) slow-wave sleep

Question 15

Which of the following statements about REM sleep is true?

A) While dreaming, eyes may dart around as if watching a dream unfold.
B) Dreams occur only in REM sleep.
C) The diaphragm, nasal membranes, and erectile tissue cannot move during dreams because of loss of muscle tone.
D) Time spent in REM sleep decreases later in the sleep cycle.

Question 16

The human brain cycles into two main states of sleep.They are

A) beta brain waves and alpha brain waves.
B) shallow sleep and deep sleep.
C) NREM sleep and REM sleep.
D) stage 1 sleep and stage 2 sleep.

Question 17

Zach often wakes up in the morning and finds his refrigerator empty and wonders where all of the food went.He may have which sleep disorder?

A) sleep apnea
B) nocturnal eating disorder
C) night eating syndrome
D) REM behavior disorder

Question 18

Which of the following statements about sleepwalking disorder is true?

A) Most sleepwalkers have a family history of sleepwalking.
B) Sleepwalking episodes rarely last less than 10 minutes.
C) Sleepwalkers do not respond to other people while sleepwalking.
D) Sleepwalking may be brought on by excessive sleep deprivation, fatigue, stress, illness, or sedatives.

Question 19

Stage ________ of NREM sleep represents the beginning of actual sleep.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 20

Light alerts the biological clock to slow down the secretion of which hormone that promotes sleep?

A) epinephrine
B) corticoids
C) progesterone
D) melatonin

Question 21

A well-rested person will fall asleep as soon as his or her head hits the pillow at night,and a sleep deprived person will need 15 to 20 minutes to fall asleep.

Question 22

Restoration and growth take place during the deepest sleep stages.

Question 23

Melatonin is naturally secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness; it lowers body temperature and causes drowsiness.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the effects of caffeine,alcohol,or nicotine on sleep is FALSE?

A) A single cup of coffee may double the amount of time it takes an average adult to fall asleep.
B) Alcohol has been shown to reduce the amount of time it takes to fall asleep.
C) People who smoke one pack of cigarettes a day have been shown to sleep more deeply than nonsmokers.
D) Poorer sleep and restlessness occur later in the night as a result of alcohol.

Question 25

The structure of sleep is essentially the same for men and women.

Question 26

If a person is awakened during stage 1 of NREM sleep,he or she will often deny having been asleep.

Question 27

Attempting to cancel out sleep debt by sleeping longer on the weekend is a viable solution to decreasing weekday sleep deprivation.

Question 28

When dreaming,an individual has periods of no muscle tone or movement,except for eyes,diaphragm,nasal membranes,and erectile tissue.

Question 29

Sleeping one hour less than your body needs each night for a week feels to your body like staying up all night.

Question 30

Over the course of a night,an individual spends more time in REM sleep than in NREM sleep.

Question 31

Most young adults have a circadian rhythm that tells them to fall asleep later in the evening and to wake up earlier in the morning than older adults.

Question 32

Which of the following does NOT help create a sleep-friendly environment?

A) choosing a pillow that is properly aligned with your cervical spine and of the correct thickness for your preferred sleep position
B) ensuring variety in bedtime rituals, keeping your mind engaged long enough for sleep to take hold
C) keeping the room's temperature within your specific comfort zone, generally somewhere below 75° F and above 54° F
D) noise reduction, or the use of white noise

Question 33

Adults who sleep less than 7 hours a night are at higher risk for obesity than those who sleep 7 to 8 hours.

Question 34

Most of an individual's deep sleep takes place in the first third of the night.

Question 35

With advancing age,people may experience a reduction in deep sleep and REM sleep,along with more NREM stage 1 sleep.

Question 36

Memory can be impaired by missing the REM sleep periods that come later in the sleep cycle.

Question 37

Usually,a Multiple Sleep Latency Test

A) involves monitoring your sleeping habits at home.
B) records information such as the times you go to bed and awaken, and what you consume in the evening.
C) measures how long it takes you to fall asleep.
D) is repeated five times during the day in a sleep clinic.

Question 38

Although dreams may occur in all stages of sleep,they generally happen in stages 3 and 4 of NREM sleep.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about prescription sleep medication is true?

A) The National Sleep Foundation considers imidazopyridines the best prescriptive sleeping aids.
B) Sleep experts agree that today's sleep medications at higher doses are not addictive.
C) Most sleep medications prescribed today are barbiturates.
D) Imidazopyridines are safe to use over a long period without physician consultation.

Question 40

Typically,an individual experiences one sleep cycle each night.

Question 41

Obstructive sleep apnea is more rare than central sleep apnea.

Question 42

Stage ________ NREM sleep is a transitional,light sleep-a relaxed half-awake stage.

Question 43

Most people suffering from sleepwalking disorder do not have a family history of this disorder.

Question 44

The time you spend in NREM sleep is divided into ________ distinct stages.

Question 45

The increase in the length and frequency of REM sleep episodes that are experienced when a person sleeps for a longer time after a period of sleep deprivation is called the REM ________ effect.

Question 46

Sleeping on one's back reduces the symptoms of sleep apnea.

Question 47

Light alerts the biological clock to cease secreting ________,a hormone that promotes sleep.

Question 48

An individual napping more than 45 minutes will be less groggy than an individual napping 15-45 minutes.

Question 49

If you have a hard time falling asleep,a good strategy is to make yourself stay in bed as long as it takes you to fall asleep.

Question 50

The daily 24-hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning is called the ________ rhythm.

Question 51

Nicotine from tobacco is a stimulant that can enhance sleep.

Question 52

One should avoid eating heavy meals within three hours of bedtime,particularly meals with high fat content.

Question 53

The type of sleep referred to as ________ eye movement sleep occupies 75 percent of sleep time and involves a four-stage sleep process that cycles throughout the night.

Question 54

REM sleep is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because the sleeper has no muscle tone and cannot move his or her body.

Question 55

Sleep of shorter duration than the average basal need of 7 to 8 hours is called sleep ________.

Question 56

Vigorous exercise just before sleep raises an individual's core body temperature and induces drowsiness and deeper sleep.

Question 57

Sleep ________ is the difference between the amount of sleep attained and the amount of sleep needed in order to maintain alert wakefulness during the daytime.

Question 58

Women are more at risk than men are for developing sleep apnea.

Question 59

Research has shown that people sleeping in an upright position have sleep that is poor in quality compared to those who sleep in a horizontal position.

Question 60

Chronic insomnia is usually rather simple to treat.

Question 61

The more common type of sleep apnea is ________ sleep apnea.

Question 62

Microscopic insects that feed on dead skin cells and primarily live in pillows and mattresses are called ________.

Question 63

The disorder called ________ is characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Question 64

A sleep ________ can be used at home to monitor sleeping habits,including the times you go to bed,awaken during the night,and wake up in the morning.

Question 65

Having an irregular sleep schedule,as most students do,can disrupt sleep and throw off your internal ________ clock.

Question 66

The drug zolpidem,sold under the trade name ________,is the best-selling prescription sleep aid in the U.S.,but it has been associated with some disturbing side effects.

Question 67

If it is not to possible to eliminate noise,________ noise,a monotonous and unchanging sound such as that of an air conditioner or fan,might be effective in protecting sleep.

Question 68

In a newly identified sleep disorder called ________ syndrome,affected people are awake when they eat.They binge eat late at night,have difficulty falling asleep,repeatedly awaken during the night and eat again,and then eat very little the next day.

Question 69

People with ________ disorder will rise out of an apparent deep sleep and act as if they are awake.

Question 70

Severe sleep apnea can be treated with ________ positive airway pressure,in which a small,comfortable mask is fitted over the nose to hold the air passage open,and slightly pressurized air is gently blown into the patient's nose.

Question 71

In ________ eating disorder,a person rises from bed during the night and eats and drinks while asleep.

Question 72

A new technique to treat sleep apnea,called ________,involves shrinking tissue in the back of the throat with radio-frequency energy.

Question 73

Abruptly stopping the use of over-the-counter sleep products that contain antihistamines may cause ________ insomnia,which is worse than the insomnia experienced before the medication was taken.

Question 74

Sleep ________ repeat themselves about every 90 to 110 minutes.

Question 75

A series of sleep ________ tests measure the number of minutes it takes a person to fall asleep and can help an individual evaluate sleep habits to determine whether to consult a sleep center laboratory for a more thorough analysis.

Question 76

Because alcohol is a depressant,it prevents REM from occurring until most of it has been absorbed.After absorption,vivid dreams are more likely.Sleep experts call this the alcohol ________ effect.

Question 77

Usually ranging from two to three hours,________ naps are recommended when an individual knows he or she will be going to bed later than usual.

Question 78

Common sleep ________ include insomnia,sleep apnea,and sleep walking.

Question 79

Scientists have distinguished two main types of sleep apnea: obstructive sleep apnea and ________ sleep apnea.

Question 80

Sleep ________ is a condition characterized by nonbreathing periods during sleep.