Deck 5: Water and Seawater

Question 1

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
high temperature

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The overall electrical charge of most atoms is balanced because each atom contains an equal number of protons and neutrons.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)protons
B)hydrogen bonds
C)neutrons
D)atoms
E)polarity
F)covalent bonds
G)ions
H)electrons
charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons

Answer 3

G

Question 4

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
river input

Question 5

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
precipitation

Question 6

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
change in state from solid to gas

Question 7

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)protons
B)hydrogen bonds
C)neutrons
D)atoms
E)polarity
F)covalent bonds
G)ions
H)electrons
bonds that hold adjacent water molecules together

Question 8

Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion.

Question 9

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
area of rapid change in density with slight change in depth

Question 10

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
sea ice formation

Question 11

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)protons
B)hydrogen bonds
C)neutrons
D)atoms
E)polarity
F)covalent bonds
G)ions
H)electrons
negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit an atomic nucleus

Question 12

Water is a polar molecule.

Question 13

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
change in state from gas to liquid

Question 14

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
evaporation

Question 15

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)protons
B)hydrogen bonds
C)neutrons
D)atoms
E)polarity
F)covalent bonds
G)ions
H)electrons
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 16

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
change in state from liquid to gas

Question 17

Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.

Question 18

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth

Question 19

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.

Question 20

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)protons
B)hydrogen bonds
C)neutrons
D)atoms
E)polarity
F)covalent bonds
G)ions
H)electrons
basic building blocks of all matter

Question 21

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.

Question 22

Water is the only naturally occurring substance on Earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).

Question 23

The covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the:

A)polarity of water molecules.
B)sharing of electrons between the atoms.
C)surface tension of water.
D)transfer of electrons between the atoms.
E)viscosity of water.

Question 24

At high latitudes, abundant precipitation and runoff from melting of freshwater icebergs both increase salinity.

Question 25

The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.

Question 26

Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.

Question 27

Independent of the actual salinity, the ratios or proportions of the major dissolved constituents of seawater such as chloride, sodium, and magnesium are relatively constant.

Question 28

The heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.

Question 29

The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water.

Question 30

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.

Question 31

Processes that decrease seawater salinity include evaporation and sea ice formation.

Question 32

In distillation, saltwater is highly pressurized to drive water molecules through a membrane to remove salts.

Question 33

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

Question 34

Deep-ocean water contains more carbon dioxide than surface water because deep water is colder and has the ability to dissolve more gases.

Question 35

Precipitation, runoff, melting icebergs, and sea ice formation all decrease salinity.

Question 36

Except for the water itself, the chloride ion is the most abundant constituent in seawater.

Question 37

Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind.

Question 38

Chlorinity, which is the weight of the chloride ion, of a water sample can be used to calculate salinity.

Question 39

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.

Question 40

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

A)electron sharing.
B)electron transfer.
C)the polarity of water molecules.
D)surface tension.
E)the viscosity of water.

Question 41

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:

A)strong covalent bonds.
B)high surface tension.
C)high viscosity.
D)low surface tension.
E)low viscosity.

Question 42

All of the following statements regarding pH are true except:

A)A pH of 3.0 is acidic and a pH of 10.0 is alkaline.
B)As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.
C)Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution.
D)pH will be buffered in deeper water where organisms with calcite shells sink.
E)pH relates to relative acid-base ion balance in a solution.

Question 43

The surface tension of water:

A)increases as density decreases.
B)is related to salinity.
C)is relatively high.
D)is relatively low.
E)is very similar in other liquids.

Question 44

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

A)density decreases.
B)density increases.
C)residence time increases.
D)residence time decreases.
E)residence time changes.

Question 45

All of the following processes decrease the salinity of water except:

A)precipitation.
B)runoff.
C)icebergs melting.
D)evaporation.
E)sea ice melting.

Question 46

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:

A)a function of salinity.
B)about the same as other liquids.
C)higher than other liquids.
D)lower than other liquids.
E)related to solvent concentration.

Question 47

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

A)ocean salinity varies as a function of season.
B)ocean salinity varies with geographical location.
C)the percentage of chloride varies with geographical location.
D)the percentage of sodium varies with ocean depth.
E)the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change.

Question 48

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0ᵒC. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

A)It immediately begins to rise slowly.
B)It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise.
C)It rises rapidly as the ice melts.
D)It rises slowly until it reaches 32ᵒC, and then it remains constant as the ice melts.
E)The temperature pattern cannot be predicted.

Question 49

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:

A)closed cycle.
B)geologic cycle.
C)hydrobiological cycle.
D)hydrologic cycle.
E)meteorological cycle.

Question 50

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:

A)barocline.
B)halocline.
C)isocline.
D)pycnocline.
E)thermocline.

Question 51

The average salinity of typical seawater is:

A)0)35%.
B)2)0%.
C)3)5%.
D)10%.
E)25%.

Question 52

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

A)high heat capacity
B)high salinity
C)high viscosity
D)low heat capacity
E)low viscosity

Question 53

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

A)contains ionic bonds.
B)exists in three states of matter on Earth's surface.
C)is a polar molecule.
D)is a universal solvent.
E)requires heat to condense.

Question 54

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is the definition of:

A)boiling point elevation.
B)calorie.
C)latent heat of condensation.
D)latent heat of evaporation.
E)thermal capacity.

Question 55

All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except:

A)evaporation.
B)iceberg melting.
C)precipitation.
D)river runoff.
E)sea ice melting.

Question 56

All of the following are methods used to desalinate water except:

A)electrolysis.
B)freeze separation.
C)osmosis.
D)reverse osmosis.
E)distillation.

Question 57

Latent heat is the quantity of heat gained or lost as a substance undergoes a:

A)change in chemical composition.
B)change in molecular weight.
C)change in state.
D)change in atomic mass.
E)change in subatomic structure.

Question 58

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

A)density.
B)salinity.
C)chlorinity.
D)temperature.
E)pH.

Question 59

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:

A)Ca⁺².
B)Cl⁻.
C)CO₂.
D)Na⁺.
E)HCO₃⁻.

Question 60

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:

A)barocline.
B)halocline.
C)isocline.
D)pycnocline.
E)thermocline.

Question 61

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. boiling point
B) precipitation
C) freezing point
D) heat capacity
E) surface tension

Question 62

Describe the various methods used to desalinate seawater.

Question 63

Explain how seawater salinity is affected by surface processes (such as precipitation and evaporation, for example).

Question 64

Explain how the pH of seawater remains slightly alkaline AND relatively constant.

Question 65

Discuss the relationship between seawater density and water temperature.

Question 66

How does the ocean's salinity vary with depth?

Question 67

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. sodium ion
B) calcium ion
C) potassium ion
D) hydrogen ion
E) magnesium ion

Question 68

List the major constituents dissolved in seawater in decreasing concentration.

Question 69

Discuss how hydrogen bonding in water allows water to support life on earth. Include in your answer how hydrogen bonding affects the physical and chemical properties of water.

Question 70

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. desalination
B) solar distillation
C) pycnocline
D) electrolysis
E) reverse osmosis

Question 71

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. temperature
B) salinity
C) thermocline
D) pycnocline
E) distillation

Question 72

Discuss how latitude and climatological processes affect seawater salinity.

Question 73

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. pH
B) latitude
C) precipitation
D) salinity
E) temperature

Question 74

Describe what condition exists in water molecules to make then dipolar.

Question 75

What is the origin of the salt ions in seawater?