Deck 6: Air-Sea Interaction

Question 1

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)convection cell
D)stratosphere
E)water vapor
F)ozone (O₃)
G)nitrogen (N₂)
H)oxygen (O₂)
the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)located at 23.5° N latitude
B)located at 23.5° S latitude
C)located at 30° S latitude
D)prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes
E)prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
F)area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
G)prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
H)located at 90° N latitude
Tropic of Cancer

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The angle at which direct sunlight strikes the ocean's surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)convection cell
D)stratosphere
E)water vapor
F)ozone (O₃)
G)nitrogen (N₂)
H)oxygen (O₂)
component with the greatest concentration in the Earth's atmosphere

Question 5

The autumnal equinox occurs when the sun is directly overhead along the equator in March.

Question 6

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)located at 23.5° N latitude
B)located at 23.5° S latitude
C)located at 30° S latitude
D)prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes
E)prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
F)area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
G)prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
H)located at 90° N latitude
Trade winds

Question 7

The Coriolis effect describes how moving objects on Earth appear to follow curved paths due to Earth's rotation.

Question 8

Wind is initiated by thermal heating from the sun and cooling by the ocean creating a thermal convection cell.

Question 9

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)convection cell
D)stratosphere
E)water vapor
F)ozone (O₃)
G)nitrogen (N₂)
H)oxygen (O₂)
lowermost portion of Earth's atmosphere where most weather occurs

Question 10

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)located at 23.5° N latitude
B)located at 23.5° S latitude
C)located at 30° S latitude
D)prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes
E)prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
F)area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
G)prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
H)located at 90° N latitude
Westerlies

Question 11

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)convection cell
D)stratosphere
E)water vapor
F)ozone (O₃)
G)nitrogen (N₂)
H)oxygen (O₂)
rising and sinking air masses moving in a circular fashion

Question 12

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)located at 23.5° N latitude
B)located at 23.5° S latitude
C)located at 30° S latitude
D)prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes
E)prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
F)area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
G)prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
H)located at 90° N latitude
Inter-tropical Convergence Zone

Question 13

Cool, dense air causes low pressure at the surface, whereas warm, less dense air causes high pressure.

Question 14

Within the troposphere, the atmosphere gets warmer with increasing altitude.

Question 15

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)troposphere
B)tropopause
C)convection cell
D)stratosphere
E)water vapor
F)ozone (O₃)
G)nitrogen (N₂)
H)oxygen (O₂)
most abundant greenhouse gas that also influences air density

Question 16

Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed.

Question 17

The percentage of incident light radiation reflected back to space is termed albedo.

Question 18

Match the term with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all.

A)located at 23.5° N latitude
B)located at 23.5° S latitude
C)located at 30° S latitude
D)prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes
E)prevailing wind pattern at polar latitudes
F)area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
G)prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
H)located at 90° N latitude
Polar easterlies

Question 19

Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air.

Question 20

The place traced by Earth's orbit is called the vernal equinox.

Question 21

The average albedo of Earth's surface is about:

A)3%.
B)30%.
C)50%.
D)67%.
E)90%.

Question 22

A hurricane is a very strong high-pressure system.

Question 23

A maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold.

Question 24

The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the:

A)tropopause.
B)stratosphere.
C)ozone layer.
D)troposphere.
E)upper atmosphere.

Question 25

The two most abundant components of dry air are:

A)oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen and water vapor.
C)carbon dioxide and water vapor.
D)nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
E)nitrogen and oxygen.

Question 26

All of the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except:

A)a column of cool, dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface.
B)a column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface.
C)cool air is denser than warm air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.
D)the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the Earth's major wind belts.
E)warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.

Question 27

The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:

A)temperature and salinity.
B)nitrogen and water vapor content.
C)temperature and water vapor content.
D)temperature and ozone.
E)carbon dioxide and water vapor content.

Question 28

The intensity of solar radiation received at lower latitudes (near the equator)compared to higher latitudes (near the poles)is:

A)the same.
B)lower.
C)greater.
D)none of the above.

Question 29

The maximum Coriolis effect occurs at the equator due to slower rotational velocity compared to higher latitudes.

Question 30

The doldrums can be found at the Equator.

Question 31

The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the:

A)summer solstice.
B)winter solstice.
C)vernal equinox.
D)autumnal equinox.
E)ecliptic.

Question 32

A cold front is likely to have heavy, brief showers associated with it.

Question 33

Tropical cyclones derive their energy from the water's high latent heat of fusion.

Question 34

The large atmospheric circulation cells that occur between the equator and 30° latitude in each hemisphere are called Hadley cells.

Question 35

The apparent deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude)as they move from one latitude to another is called the:

A)Coriolis effect.
B)Cyclonic effect.
C)Ekman spiral.
D)Hadley cell.
E)Saffir-Simpson scale.

Question 36

The Saffir-Simpson scale rates the relative intensity of tropical cyclones.

Question 37

In the troposphere, air temperatures:

A)increase with increasing altitude.
B)decrease with increasing altitude.
C)increase with decreasing altitude.
D)decrease with decreasing altitude.
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 38

An iceberg is a variety of sea ice.

Question 39

The trade winds can be found between 30° and 60°N and S latitudes.

Question 40

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of:

A)0°.
B)23.5°.
C)180°.
D)90°.
E)none of the above is correct.

Question 41

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:

A)Coriolis Scale.
B)Fujita Scale.
C)Moh's Scale.
D)Richter Scale.
E)Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Question 42

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

A)differences in the heat capacities of the ocean and land.
B)differences in the latitudinal albedo.
C)Ekman transport.
D)latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect.
E)variations in incoming solar radiation over many years.

Question 43

A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an:

A)cold front.
B)high pressure system.
C)low pressure system.
D)occluded front.
E)warm front.

Question 44

Refer to the figure below and use the numbers that correspond to global wind belts and latitudes to answer the following question.

The polar front is labeled number:

A)1)
B)2)
C)3)
D)5)
E)6)

Question 45

Refer to the figure below and use the numbers that correspond to global wind belts and latitudes to answer the following question.

The area of the globe (latitude)that is characterized by falling air masses and little precipitation is labeled number:

A)1)
B)2)
C)3)
D)5)
E)6)

Question 46

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:

A)at a 45° angle from their original direction.
B)at a 90° angle from their original direction.
C)to the east of their original direction.
D)to the left of their original direction.
E)to the right of their original direction.

Question 47

Refer to the figure below, and use the information on the map corresponding to the ocean's climatic regions to answer the following question.

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

A)darker color.
B)decreased density.
C)higher salinity.
D)higher temperature.
E)lower temperature.

Question 48

The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to:

A)high winds.
B)intense precipitation.
C)low atmospheric pressure.
D)storm surge.
E)none of the above.

Question 49

Refer to the figure below, and use the information on the map corresponding to the ocean's climatic regions to answer the following question.

The oceanic climate region(s)where the majority of strong tropical cyclonic storms are produced is:

A)polar.
B)subpolar.
C)temperate.
D)subtropical.
E)tropical.

Question 50

A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be:

A)dry and cold.
B)dry and warm.
C)wet and cold.
D)wet and the same temperature.
E)wet and warm.

Question 51

The wind belt(s)with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are)the:

A)doldrums
B)horse latitudes.
C)polar easterlies.
D)trade winds.
E)westerlies.

Question 52

Air warmed by the land that rises and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean may produce a:

A)land breeze.
B)tropical cyclone.
C)typhoon.
D)cold front.
E)sea breeze.

Question 53

The temperate regions are characterized by:

A)tropical cyclones.
B)high pressure.
C)easterly winds.
D)trade winds.
E)westerly winds.

Question 54

Low-pressure regions in the northern hemisphere rotate:

A)at a 45° angle from the prevailing wind direction.
B)clockwise.
C)counterclockwise.
D)to the left.
E)to the right.

Question 55

The doldrums refer to the same region as the:

A)inter-tropical convergence zone.
B)jet stream.
C)subtropical jet stream.
D)subtropics.
E)trade winds.

Question 56

Refer to the figure below and use the numbers that correspond to global wind belts and latitudes to answer the following question.

The westerlies wind belt is the area corresponding to number:

A)1)
B)2)
C)3)
D)4)
E)5)

Question 57

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:

A)be deflected toward the east.
B)be deflected toward the west.
C)circulate counterclockwise.
D)circulate clockwise.
E)travel in a straight line.

Question 58

Refer to the figure below and use the numbers that correspond to global wind belts and latitudes to answer the following question.

Variable winds that result in generally clear, dry, and fair conditions with cold temperatures and minimal precipitation are labeled number:

A)1)
B)3)
C)4)
D)5)
E)6)

Question 59

The strength of a hurricane stems from water's:

A)latent heat of condensation.
B)latent heat of fusion.
C)latent heat of melting.
D)latent heat of sublimation.
E)latent heat of deposition.

Question 60

Refer to the figure below, and use the information on the map corresponding to the ocean's climatic regions to answer the following question.

The oceanic climate region that is characterized by sea ice coverage in the winter and open water (but cold)in the summer is:

A)polar.
B)subpolar.
C)temperate.
D)subtropical.
E)tropical.

Question 61

What are the differences between hurricanes, typhoons, and tropical cyclones?

Question 62

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. continent
B) sea ice
C) iceberg
D) ice floes
E) ice shelf

Question 63

Why are there high-pressure areas at each pole and a low-pressure belt in the equatorial region?

Question 64

Compare and contrast the formation of high pressure and low pressure atmospheric systems on precipitation and temperature in the areas where they form.

Question 65

Along the Arctic Circle, how would the Sun appear during the summer solstice? During the winter solstice?

Question 66

Describe the physical properties of the atmosphere, including its composition, density, water vapor content, pressure, and movement.

Question 67

Discuss the impact of the Coriolis effect on atmospheric circulation. Provide at least two examples where the Coriolis effect significantly impacts global atmospheric circulation.

Question 68

Describe tropical cyclones, including their origin, patterns of movement, and the types of destruction caused by these atmospheric events. How are the number and frequency of cyclones related to latitude and season?

Question 69

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. maximum sustained winds
B) minimum central pressure
C) sea surface salinity
D) storm surge
E) storm diameter

Question 70

Distinguish between weather and climate.

Question 71

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. doldrums
B) northeast trade winds
C) polar easterlies
D) southeast trade winds
E) westerlies

Question 72

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. nitrogen
B) albedo
C) oxygen
D) troposphere
E) water vapor

Question 73

Discuss the formation of land breezes and sea breezes.

Question 74

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. ecliptic
B) vernal equinox
C) autumnal equinox
D) westerlies
E) summer solstice

Question 75

Discuss uneven solar heating as a function of latitude and how this contributes to the formation of global wind belts.