Deck 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment

Question 1

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
bottlenose dolphin

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sharks have lunate caudal fins.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
yellowtail snapper

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
gray angelfish

Question 5

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
flounder

Question 6

Muscles segments used in locomotion and found along the sides of fish are called myomeres.

Question 7

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
gray whale

Question 8

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
killer whale

Question 9

Radiolarians and coccolithophorids are examples of zooplankton.

Question 10

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
tiger shark

Question 11

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
walrus

Question 12

Krill, cnidarians, and arrow worms are macroscopic zooplankton.

Question 13

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
sperm whale

Question 14

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
bluefin tuna

Question 15

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
salmon

Question 16

Strategies for staying afloat in pelagic environments include a swim bladder, increased body fat, and increased body density.

Question 17

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
herring

Question 18

Match the organism with the correct caudal fin shape. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)truncate caudal fin
B)rounded caudal fin
C)lunate caudal fin
D)forked caudal fin
E)heterocercal caudal fin
blue marlin

Question 19

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
manatee

Question 20

Match the organism with the correct taxonomic classification. Use each choice once, more than once, or not at all.

A)Order Cetacea, Suborder Odontoceti
B)Order Sirenia
C)Order Carnivora
D)Order Cetacea, Suborder Mysticeti
fur seal

Question 21

Photophores are cells found in bioluminescent organisms that may contain bioluminescent bacteria and the pigment luciferin.

Question 22

The migratory routes of many commercially important baleen whales are poorly known.

Question 23

We currently believe that all marine mammals evolved from land-dwelling mammals.

Question 24

Which set of fins is used for turning and braking?

A)anal and caudal
B)anal and dorsal
C)caudal and dorsal
D)caudal and pelvic
E)pectoral and pelvic

Question 25

Which of the following is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria?

A)copepod
B)jellyfish
C)nautilus
D)salp
E)sea gooseberry

Question 26

The shape of the caudal fin of a shark is referred to as:

A)forked.
B)heterocercal.
C)lunate.
D)rounded.
E)truncate.

Question 27

Which set of fins is used for moving fast?

A)anal and dorsal
B)caudal and dorsal
C)caudal and pectoral
D)pectoral and anal
E)anal and pelvic

Question 28

A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit is called commensalism.

Question 29

The caudal fin of fast-cruising fish such as tuna is:

A)forked.
B)heterocercal.
C)lunate.
D)rounded.
E)truncate.

Question 30

All of the following are adaptations to staying above the ocean floor except:

A)rigid as containers.
B)swim bladders.
C)production of low-density fats or oils.
D)ability to float.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 31

The function of a swim bladder is:

A)to assist the organism in steering with the currents.
B)to increase the density of the organism to keep it afloat.
C)to increase the surface area of the organism to prevent sinking.
D)to prevent predators from eating the puffer fish.
E)to allow a fish to change position in the water column.

Question 32

Microscopic, shrimplike animals that have a hard exoskeleton that can be either herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic are called:

A)radiolarians.
B)foraminifers.
C)copepods.
D)cnidarians.
E)fishes.

Question 33

The Odontoceti or toothed whales include the humpback, the gray, and the sperm whales.

Question 34

Many cetaceans can extract almost 90% of the oxygen from each breath.

Question 35

Red muscle tissue is abundant in cruisers, while white muscle tissue is abundant in lungers.

Question 36

One adaptation for deep diving in marine mammals is an increase in heart rate during the dive.

Question 37

The California gray whale is unusual because it stirs up bottom sediment in order to feed.

Question 38

Identify the mismatched pair.

A)arrow worm-Chaetognath
B)krill-Crustacea
C)Physalia-Cnidarian
D)Sea gooseberry-Ctenophore
E)Squid-Annelid

Question 39

Which set of fins is used as stabilizers?

A)anal and caudal
B)anal and dorsal
C)caudal and dorsal
D)caudal and pelvic
E)pectoral and pelvic

Question 40

Poikilothermic organisms can regulate their internal body temperature.

Question 41

Which of the following affect the ability of species to capture food?

A)body length
B)body temperature
C)circulatory system
D)speed
E)All of the above affect the ability of pelagic organisms to capture food.

Question 42

Pick the pair which does not fit the pattern:

A)clown fish-anemone
B)isopod-fish
C)krill-whale
D)remora-shark

Question 43

This marine mammal:

A)is a small mammal with dense fur and lack an insulating blubber layer.
B)is a tropical herbivores found in shallow coastal waters.
C)has anterior flippers covered with hair that cannot be rotated backwards.
D)has posterior flippers than can be moved forward.
E)has thick fur with hollow fur shafts for insulation.

Question 44

Which of the following is not a member of the Order Carnivora?

A)Sea otters
B)Polar bears
C)Sperm whales
D)Seals
E)Sea lions

Question 45

Identify the mismatched pair.

A)dolphin-Cetacea
B)dugong-Sirenia
C)manatee-Cetacea
D)sea otter-Carnivora
E)walrus-Pinnipedia

Question 46

The gray whale and other baleen whales migrate every year to:

A)feed in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the winter.
B)feed in the tropics during the summer.
C)feed in the tropics during the winter.
D)mate and give birth in the Arctic and Antarctic regions during the summer.
E)mate and give birth in the tropics during the winter.

Question 47

Organisms such as a mackerel sharks and tunas that can maintain a relatively constant body temperature are referred to as:

A)homeothermic.
B)cold-blooded.
C)poikilothermic.
D)ectothermic.
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 48

Sea lions are easily distinguished from seals because they:

A)cannot rotate their front flippers backward.
B)cannot rotate their front flippers forward.
C)have external ears.
D)have a short neck.
E)use their rear flippers for swimming.

Question 49

Bioluminescence is employed by deep-sea animals for all of the following reasons except:

A)attracting food.
B)communication.
C)counter illumination.
D)predator avoidance.
E)warning coloration.

Question 50

An organism such as a fish whose body temperature is nearly the same as the environment is referred to as:

A)homeothermic.
B)warm-blooded.
C)poikilothermic.
D)endothermic.
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 51

All of the following are baleen whales except:

A)blue whales.
B)fin whales.
C)gray whales.
D)right whales.
E)sperm whales.

Question 52

All of the following are benefits of the adaptive behavior in the figure because it:

A)confuses predators by constantly changing positions of the fish within the school.
B)makes the group of fish appear as one large unit.
C)reduces the mortality rate for individuals within the school.
D)reduces the probability that a predator will locate the prey species.
E)All of the above behaviors are beneficial to schooling fish.

Question 53

Cruising fishes such as tuna have all of the following characteristics except:

A)they swim constantly in search of prey.
B)their muscle tissues are mostly red
C)they are capable of short periods of high-speed swimming.
D)they tend to have lunate tails.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 54

Which of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in Cetaceans?

A)blood flow is shifted from the brain to the extremities
B)collapsing the lungs to compensate for increasing water pressure during deep dives
C)having a lot of myoglobin in the muscles to store oxygen
D)having increased hemoglobin concentrations to store more oxygen
E)slowed heart rate

Question 55

The caudal fin shape that is asymmetrical, with most of the mass in the upper lobe, is a:

A)rounded fin.
B)truncate fin.
C)lunate fin.
D)heterocercal fin.
E)forked fin.

Question 56

Cruisers are thought to have relatively high body temperature because:

A)it assists them in predator avoidance.
B)it helps them blend more easily with their environment.
C)it increases the power output of muscle tissue.
D)they are cold blooded.
E)they only need to move periodically.

Question 57

The muscle tissue of a "lunger" is predominantly:

A)blue.
B)gray.
C)pink.
D)red.
E)white.

Question 58

An example of a "cruiser" is a:

A)flounder.
B)grouper.
C)mackerel.
D)shark.
E)tuna.

Question 59

All of the following are adaptations of deep-sea fishes except:

A)hinged jaws.
B)large mouths with sharp, needle-like teeth.
C)large body sizes.
D)counter-illumination.
E)good sensory devices such as sensitive lateral lines.

Question 60

All of the following are characteristics of mammals (Class Mammalia)except:

A)they are warm-blooded.
B)they lay eggs.
C)they breathe air.
D)the females of each species have mammary glands.
E)they have hair or fur at some point during development.

Question 61

Discuss the role of the International Whaling Commission (IWC)in regulating commercial whaling.

Question 62

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. copepods
B) foraminiferans
C) krill
D) radiolarians
E) squid.

Question 63

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. blue
B) gray
C) killer
D) minke
E) sei

Question 64

Briefly describe some of the differences between cetaceans of the Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales)with those of the Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales).

Question 65

Discuss the adaptations used by marine organisms to prevent sinking.

Question 66

Compare and contrast adaptations of fishes and marine mammals to life in the pelagic environment.

Question 67

Briefly describe the taxonomic groups of marine mammals. List the characteristics of each group and name an organism that belongs to each taxonomic group.

Question 68

Why did the International Whaling Commission (IWC)invoke a ban on commercial whaling? What three ways exist to legally hunt whales and which countries are involved?

Question 69

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. blubber
B) collapsible ribs
C) gas bladder
D) spines
E) swim bladder

Question 70

Discuss why schooling behavior is adaptive to fishes.

Question 71

Describe the most common tail fin modifications and discuss the swimming styles associated with each fin modification.

Question 72

Distinguish between poikilotherms and homeotherms and give an example of each.

Question 73

Define symbiosis and compare and contrast the different types of symbiotic relationships and give an example of each.

Question 74

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. anal
B) caudal
C) dorsal
D) pelvic
E) ventral

Question 75

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A. arrow worm
B) copepod
C) ctenophore
D) jellyfish
E) salp