Deck 3: Learning and HRD

Question 1

Experiencing negative events on the job prior to training will always decrease a trainees motivation to learn.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Declarative knowledge is knowing what to do

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Expert performance is being very good at almost everything

Answer 3

False

Question 4

ATI is the attitude treatment interaction theory

Question 5

Symbolic architectures is comparable to using a brain metaphor.

Question 6

An example of stimulus variability would be allowing the trainees to practice on different types of stoves they may be asked to cook on at work.

Question 7

Gerontology is the study of old age and aging.

Question 8

Component task achievement means that each task must be fully completed before the entire task is performed correctly.

Question 9

Trainability is influenced by all of the following factors: motivation, ability and your level of education:

Question 10

Practice alone will make for a strong association.

Question 11

Interference refers to things you learned before the training session or information received after the training.

Question 12

ACT* theory assumes that the learning process is the same regardless of the material being learned.

Question 13

Learning is defined as a permanent change in behavior, cognition or affect.

Question 14

If a trainee views training as a remedial event they will learn less than if they view it as an opportunity to advance.

Question 15

Individuals with low levels of cognitive playfulness are more affected by positive feedback than individuals with high levels of cognitive playfulness.

Question 16

Experiencing negative events on the job prior to training can have a negative impact on a person's performance in a training program.

Question 17

Overlearning - learning something beyond the point of mastery is always a waste of time.

Question 18

Gagne's five categories of human performance are all pretty much the same, just with different names.

Question 19

Learning is defined a short-term change in behavior:

Question 20

Feedback can be both informational and knowledge forming.

Question 21

Active practice involves

A)The trainee repeatedly performing the task to be learned
B)The trainee mentally rehearsing what is being learned
C)Both A & B are active practice
D)Neither A or B is active practice

Question 22

The argument that teaching adults requires a different set of instructional techniques than those typically used to teach children is called:

A)gerontology
B)andragogy
C)pedagogy
D)contiguity

Question 23

Overlearning

A)would be good for training emergency procedures (e.g., CPR)
B)will increase training costs
C)does increase the retention of the training material
D)all of the above are true

Question 24

Conducting an 8 hour training program in 4 sessions of 2 hours each over a period of 4 days is an example of:

A)Overlearning
B)Active practice
C)Massed practice
D)Spaced practice

Question 25

Conducting an 8 hour training program in one 8-hour session starting at 8 am and going until 5 PM (1 hour for lunch) is an example of:

A)Overlearning
B)Active practice
C)Massed practice
D)Spaced practice

Question 26

Mental practice involves

A)The trainee repeatedly performing the task to be learned
B)The trainee mentally rehearsing what is being learned
C)Both A & B are mental practice
D)Neither A or B is mental practice

Question 27

The extent to which a trainee can attach a similar meaning to events that occur both in the training session, as well as on the job, is called ______________ fidelity.

A)environmental
B)psychological
C)physical
D)marital

Question 28

Overlearning

A)would be good for training emergency procedures (e.g., CPR)
B)is a waste of the training budget
C)means that training stops once people have achieved basic mastery of the skill
D)means that the training is over the trainees head

Question 29

Suppose an attribute-treatment interaction was found between the type of computer training provided (lecture versus self-paced) and the learning styles of different trainees. In particular, trainees who were strong in Abstract Conceptualization (AC) did much better in the self-paced training than did trainees who scored lower on this attribute. Based on this, if the trainer wants the most effective outcomes possible, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)all trainees should receive lecture-based training
B)all trainees should receive self-paced training
C)trainees who score low on AC should not be placed in the self-paced training condition
D)trainees who score low on AC should not be placed in the lecture-based training

Question 30

Gagne argued that training could be improved using 3 principles. They are:

A)Task association, component task achievement, task sequencing
B)Task analysis, component task achievement, task spacing
C)Task analysis, component task achievement, task sequencing
D)Task analysis, component task analysis, task sequencing

Question 31

Personality is:

A)Something than changes almost monthly
B)Of no interest to trainers
C)A key part of motivation theory
D)A stable set of personal characteristics that account for consistent patterns of behavior.

Question 32

Kolb's Learning style inventory assess an individual's orientation towards each of four modes of the learning process.

Question 33

In choosing between whole versus part learning:

A)Whole learning is always better than part learning
B)Part learning is always better then whole learning
C)The choice depends on the nature of the task to be learned
D)It simply does not matter which method you select

Question 34

A student who studied for this exam for two hours a day for four days would most clearly be using (or demonstrating):

A)whole learning
B)spaced practice
C)Overlearning
D)massed practice

Question 35

When something that you learned prior to training inhibits your recall of the newly-learned material, this is called:

A)interference
B)meaningfulness
C)physical fidelity
D)zero transfer

Question 36

Research has shown that:

A)Only active practice can help learning
B)Mental practice is not does not help learning
C)Mental practice is effective for both cognitive an physical tasks
D)Practice simply does not help learning

Question 37

Trainability is thought to be influenced by all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A)the ability of trainees
B)perceptions of the supportiveness of the work environment
C)the ability of the trainer to effectively communicate the content of training
D)the motivation level of trainees

Question 38

According to cognitive resource allocation theory skills acquisition occurs in the following three phases?

A)learning knowledge, knowledge compilation and procedural knowledge
B)declarative knowledge, knowledge compilation and understanding
C)declarative knowledge, knowledge memorization and procedural knowledge
D)declarative knowledge, knowledge compilation and procedural knowledge

Question 39

When learning a new language, pairing a new word with a picture of an object is an example of:

A)The law of effect
B)Contiguity
C)Reinforcement
D)Practice

Question 40

Describing the learning goal, analyzing the initial state of the learner, finding out what will let the trainer learn and monitoring and assessing progress are part of what field of learning?

A)Social psychology
B)Educational psychology
C)Organizational behavior
D)Instructional psychology

Question 41

Before training Joe produced 20 widgets per day. Four months after training he is producing 30 widgets per day. This is an example of:

A)Zero transfer
B)Positive transfer
C)Negative transfer
D)None of the above

Question 42

Interference refers to:

A)Your supervisor being mad at you
B)A noisy training room
C)Material learned before the session or information received after training
D)None of the above are interference

Question 43

Which of the following principles suggests that learners should be given the opportunity to repeatedly perform the task or use the knowledge being learned?

A)mental practice
B)whole versus partial learning
C)active practice
D)repetitive learning

Question 44

Which is true about 'near transfer' and 'far transfer' of training?

A)Near transfer is training that can be applied right away to the job
B)Far transfer is training that can be applied right away to the job
C)Near transfer is also called 'skill generalization'
D)Far transfer is also called 'skill reproduction'

Question 45

Retention of training depends on all of the following except:

A)KSA's
B)Meaningfulness of the material
C)Degree of original learning
D)Interference

Question 46

Which of the following is not a principle to follow when training older workers?

A)Older workers can and do develop
B)Supervisors need to be aware of their own bias about not training older workers
C)The organization does not need to pay attention to the rewards structure for learning new skills
D)Training must be considered within a total career perspective

Question 47

A learning situation where tasks are learned in an appropriate order before the total task is attempted is called:

A)task analysis
B)component task achievement
C)step learning
D)job sequencing

Question 48

Which of the following is true about transfer of training:

A)Zero transfer means nothing changed after training
B)Positive transfer means performance got worse after training
C)Negative transfer means performance got better after training
D)None of the above are true

Question 49

Which of the following is true of 'traditional' learners?

A)They are highly motivated to learn
B)The tend to focus on getting good grades
C)If told the sky is bright green they will go outside and look for themselves
D)They tend to be practical and are interested in relevant content

Question 50

Learning is defined as:

A)A permanent change in behavior, cognition or affect.
B)A temporary change in behavior, cognition or affect.
C)Memorizing some material from a book.
D)None of the above are correct definitions.

Question 51

Andragogy is based on all of the following assumptions about adults EXCEPT:

A)adults are self-motivated
B)adults have acquired a large amount of experience that can be used a resource
C)adults look to apply learned tasks later in life
D)adults are motivated to learn

Question 52

A learning style:

A)Tends to be the same for all people at the same age level
B)Reflects how choices made during training affect how we select and process information
C)Is the same as a mode of learning
D)Is unimportant to consider when training adults.

Question 53

Which of the following has to do with the ability to directly apply, back on the job, what has been learned in training with little or no modification?

A)positive transfer
B)near transfer
C)far transfer
D)immediate transfer

Question 54

According to Lim and Johnson the number 1 reason for failure of training to transfer to work was:

A)A bad instructor
B)A poor quality video was shown
C)Lack of effective handouts
D)Lack of practice in the actual work environment.

Question 55

For individual trainees a learning curve will be:

A)The same - curving sharply upward at first and then slowing down
B)Different for all trainees
C)The same - curving sharply downward at first and then speeding up
D)The same - curving sharply upward at first and then speeding up

Question 56

Training a firefighter to do their job by showing them videos of a fire would violate the principle of:

A)Transfer of training
B)Identical elements
C)Contiguity
D)Fidelity

Question 57

Based on the law of effect means that:

A)Many people like to be punished.
B)Good things happen to bad people
C)We repeat things we are punished for - they are usually fun to do
D)We repeat actions that give us a pleasurable consequence.

Question 58

Which of the following is true of 'non traditional' learners?

A)They need to be motivated to learn
B)The tend to focus on getting good grades
C)If told the sky is bright green they will believe it
D)They tend to be practical and are interested in relevant content

Question 59

A relatively permanent change in behavior, cognition or effect that occurs as a result of one's interaction with the environment is referred to as:

A)boundary spanning
B)learning
C)behavioral modeling
D)cognitive effect

Question 60

The theory of instruction that focuses on the kinds of things people learn and how they learn them, arguing that there is not one best way to learn everything is known as:

A)Myers-Briggs Theory
B)Maslow's Theory
C)Gagne-Brigg's Theory
D)Senge's Social Leaning Theory

Question 61

Which of the following is true when comparing symbolic and connectionist architectures?

A)They are almost the same
B)Connectionist uses a computer metaphor
C)Symbolic uses a computer metaphor
D)None of the above are true

Question 62

Supervisor support for training includes all of the following except?

A)Goal setting
B)Encouragement to attend training
C)Team building
D)Reinforcement for attending training

Question 63

Ability and self-efficacy are better predictor of performance:

A)Late in the skill acquisition phase
B)Early in the skills acquisition phase
C)At all phases of skill acquisition
D)They are never good predictors

Question 64

Research suggests that experts develop what through experience?

A)A reputation as an expert
B)Self efficacy
C)More knowledge
D)Self regulation and control strategies

Question 65

Kolb's learning strategies include all of the following except:

A)Rehearsal strategies
B)Organizational strategies
C)Team work strategies
D)Comprehension monitoring strategies

Question 66

A continuous-learning work environment means that:

A)Supervisors require training each week for all members of their work team
B)Training goes on every day
C)Members share perceptions that learning is an important part of everyday work life
D)Training is rewarded by paying bonuses each week

Question 67

James and Galbraith's seven primary perceptual preferences include:

A)The vark
B)Reflective and perceptive
C)Aural, visual and olfactory
D)Thinking and sensing

Question 68

According to ACT*theory knowing what to do is?

A)Process knowledge
B)Acquired knowledge
C)Declarative knowledge
D)Procedural knowledge

Question 69

Gestalt psychologists believe that learning occurs by:

A)Insight or epiphany
B)Trial and error
C)Association of facts and ideas
D)Practice

Question 70

Which of the following is correct:

A)Concrete experiences focuses on thinking
B)Abstract conceptualization focuses on feeling
C)Reflective observation focuses on watching
D)Active experimentation focuses on feeling and watching

Question 71

According to Kluger and DeNisi which of the following is not a level of control that individuals go through when learning and performing tasks?

A)Self-regulatory action
B)Self analysis
C)Task learning
D)Task motivation

Question 72

Trainability testing is used to determine if the trainees have bot the __________ and ________ to learn.

A)Basic principles and language skills
B)Intelligence and language skills
C)Motivation and skill knowledge
D)Motivation and ability

Question 73

Increasing the likelihood that training will transfer back to the job uses all of the following except?

A)Provide support in the work environment
B)Develop and state only general learning objectives
C)Provide opportunity to perform what is learned on the job
D)Use a variety of examples including both positive and negative examples

Question 74

The VARK stands for:

A)Video - aural - read/write - kinesthetic
B)Visual - aural - read/write - kinesthetic
C)Visual - aural - read/write - know and tell
D)Visual - aural - reflect - kinesthetic

Question 75

Exceptional performance is acquired through:

A)Deliberate practice
B)Trial and error
C)Age and seniority
D)Formal education