Deck 2: Understanding: Learning About Intimate Behavior

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in critical thinking?

A)gather information and interpret it
B)develop a solution plan and carry it out
C)get an understanding of the problem
D)accept the information given
E)evaluate the plans effectiveness

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Critical thinking requires

A)constant questioning.
B)vast personal experience.
C)a firm mind-set.
D)an academic setting.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Socialization is

A)the ongoing actions and responses of family members to one another.
B)the process by which we learn the attitudes and beliefs of our culture.
C)the presence and development of unique personality characteristics in individuals.
D)the development of self image and definitions of social situations.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

________ said, "If people define situations as real, they become real in their consequences."

A)W)I. Thomas
B)Herbert Blumer
C)C)H. Cooley
D)George H. Mead

Question 5

A disadvantage of the interview type of survey research includes

A)researchers' inability to remain bias-free.
B)subjects' inability to answer questions in depth.
C)researchers' inability to obtain a representative sample.
D)subjects' inability to answer open-ended questions.

Question 6

When employing _____________, researchers interact with subjects in their natural environment without their knowledge.

A)surveys
B)participant observation
C)detached observation
D)nonparticipant observation

Question 7

Giving everyone in a research study population a chance of being included in a survey is called a(n)

A)sample.
B)nonrepresentative sample.
C)random sample.
D)interview technique.

Question 8

________ theory explains the phenomenon of emotionally detached wives "walking away" from their marriages, much to the surprise of their husbands.

A)structural-functional
B)symbolic interactionist
C)social exchange
D)family development

Question 9

A perspective or set of statements that explains why processes and events occur is called a(n)

A)hypothesis.
B)theory.
C)variable.
D)sample.

Question 10

The family systems perspective suggests

A)that family members fulfill certain tasks and expectations as they move through their family life cycle.
B)that male dominance in the family creates stability in the family.
C)the social and physical environment affects how families function.
D)that family members make up a system of interconnected parts.

Question 11

The structural functionalist theoretical perspective identifies the ________ within the family.

A)instrumental roles
B)expressive roles
C)costs and rewards
D)Both A and B are correct.

Question 12

Companies worldwide spend ________ a year on advertisements.

A)$30 million
B)$350 million
C)$4 billion
D)$450 billion

Question 13

Responses to a magazine survey are an example of

A)a representative sample of those magazine subscribers.
B)a stratified random sample.
C)a random sample.
D)a non-representative sample.

Question 14

The conflict perspective

A)describes how families unite against adverse outside forces.
B)views individuals and groups in competition with each other over scarce resources.
C)looks at how families change as they add and subtract members.
D)forms the basis for the development of men's studies.

Question 15

Mindful learning takes into account

A)different approaches to problems.
B)openness to new information.
C)active listening and problem solving.
D)All of the above

Question 16

The comfortable patterns of thinking we acquire in a lifetime are called

A)critical thinking.
B)reasoning.
C)deductive arguments.
D)mind-sets.

Question 17

Which of the following are examples of magical thinking?

A)praying to heal sickness
B)taking Vitamin C to cure a cold
C)linking crime to traditional family breakdown
D)All of the above

Question 18

A ________ group is a group under study that is NOT introduced to the independent variables in the original experiment.

A)control
B)experimental
C)experiential
D)variable

Question 19

The ________ perspective explains that people seek to maximize their benefits and minimize their costs in their interactions with others.

A)family development
B)social exchange
C)symbolic interactionist
D)family systems

Question 20

In Panel 2.2 (page 59)what theoretical perspective emphasizes relationships based on costs and rewards?

A)Conflict
B)Family Systems
C)Social Exchange
D)Structural Functional

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a manifest function of the Internet?

A)to diminish the quality of communication
B)to enhance the speed of research
C)to expose children to pornography
D)to decrease fidelity in relationships

Question 22

A disadvantage of experimental research is that

A)it is not dependent on what subjects state.
B)there is much control over variables.
C)the behavior is observed in an artificial, not real world environment.
D)All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of uncritical thinking?

A)wearing a crystal to ward off sickness
B)basing a major decision on a tarot card reading
C)donning a magnetic bracelet to improve balance
D)All of the above

Question 24

A researcher who links Attention Deficit Disorder in preschoolers to the amount of television they watch is applying which perspective?

A)symbolic interactionist
B)structural-functionalist
C)ecological
D)social exchange

Question 25

Theories are useful because they can

A)help analyze research findings.
B)influence policy-making and legislation.
C)provide a single, definitive answer to a problem.
D)Both A and B

Question 26

Talcott Parsons advocated which perspective on family?

A)structural-functional
B)conflict
C)ecological
D)family systems

Question 27

Applying the research findings of a particular sample to the larger population is known as

A)generalization.
B)the Hawthorne effect.
C)a longitudinal study.
D)random sampling.

Question 28

Data collected from a sample group over several years is called a ________ study.

A)cross cultural
B)longitudinal
C)historical
D)content analysis

Question 29

In drug trials, those who do not receive test drugs are the

A)independent variables.
B)dependent variables.
C)experimental group.
D)control group.

Question 30

Uncritical thinking is dangerous because it

A)limits our understanding of reality.
B)make us more susceptible to paranormal activity.
C)increases our propensity to do harm to others.
D)negatively affects our ability to procreate.

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of micro-level orientation?

A)theories regarding the economy's influence on marriage
B)theories linking pop culture and its influence on families
C)theories examining individuals' impact on society
D)All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on the family is considered among the top three most important?

A)ecological
B)family development
C)conflict
D)feminist

Question 33

Which of the following research methods is used least?

A)experimental research
B)clinical research
C)survey research
D)observational research

Question 34

________ refers to subjects in research studies that alter their behavior because they know they are being studied.

A)Researcher bias
B)Hawthorne effect
C)Ethnocentrism
D)Participant observation

Question 35

Which of the following illustrates the first step in critical thinking?

A)rereading directions while assembling a new gas grill
B)examining relevant past experiences to determine new courses of action
C)devising an outline for an essay
D)using the Internet to research a controversial issue

Question 36

________ are factors or behaviors that can be controlled or manipulated by the experimenter.

A)Case studies
B)Observational studies
C)Dependent variables
D)Independent variables

Question 37

Viewers who respond to a television news program via the Internet make up a

A)representative sample.
B)stratified random sample.
C)nonrepresentative sample.
D)stratified nonrepresentative sample.

Question 38

___________ studies require the most time.

A)Historical
B)Longitudinal
C)Content analysis
D)Secondary analysis

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of observational research?

A)using the case study method
B)studying subjects via hidden cameras
C)exposing subjects to variables
D)examining media to extract data concerning cultural patterns

Question 40

The belief that one's culture, language and values are superior to all others is known as

A)ethnocentrism.
B)heterosexism.
C)cultural relativity.
D)neutrality.

Question 41

The dependent variable influences the independent variable.

Question 42

Feminist scholar Jessie Bernard believed that women were oppressed by

A)the institution of marriage.
B)academic rhetoric.
C)policies affecting female reproduction.
D)All of the above

Question 43

Which of the following perspectives is an example of micro-level orientation?

A)conflict
B)structural-functional
C)symbolic interaction
D)feminist

Question 44

A main point of the family systems theory is that the environment the family lives in greatly affects its behavior.

Question 45

The structural-functional perspective states the family is shaped by the interactions exchanged with other family members.

Question 46

Which of the following perspectives is the most difficult for scholars to define?

A)social exchange
B)ecological
C)family systems
D)family development

Question 47

Media influences affect how we function within our families.

Question 48

A sample is considered biased when

A)a researcher makes assumptions about subjects' lifestyles.
B)subjects are not randomly chosen.
C)interview questions include loaded words.
D)it yields time-sensitive data.

Question 49

Magical thinking is quite common and seems to be rooted in the circuitry of the brain.

Question 50

The symbolic interactionist perspective focuses on the conflicts that exist between individuals and groups in society.

Question 51

Which of the following perspectives is criticized for negating the significance of acceptance and cooperation?

A)structural-functional
B)symbolic interaction
C)conflict
D)family systems

Question 52

Which of the following has been a result of the feminist perspective?

A)an expanded definition of family
B)an emphasis on inequality
C)a reduction in harassment and violence
D)All of the above

Question 53

The micro-level of sociology studies individual interactions in specific settings.

Question 54

Expecting family members to perform certain roles and exhibit certain behaviors in accordance with the age of the family is an example of which perspective?

A)family development
B)family systems
C)ecological
D)social exchange

Question 55

Which of the following employ micro- AND macro-level orientations?

A)ecological
B)symbolic interaction
C)feminist
D)social exchange

Question 56

The presence of bias is a concern when assessing a measurement's

A)reliability.
B)validity.
C)neutrality.
D)applicability.

Question 57

In a control group, the subjects are not introduced to the independent variable.

Question 58

Clinical research is useful in obtaining intimate data from patients and then using that information to generalize across the population.

Question 59

Mindfulness is characterized by entrapment in old categories, automatic behavior, and acting from a single perspective.

Question 60

According to Jean Kilbourne, media advertisements have little impact on our behavior.

Question 61

________ are factors or behaviors that can be controlled or manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment.

Question 62

Conflict perspective proponents believe that family difficulties appear for one reason: conflict over power.

Question 63

Manifest functions are unconscious and unintended; they have hidden purposes.

Question 64

According to Ellen J. Langer, one should approach any new information as if there are alternative explanations.

Question 65

________ is the degree to which a research measurement actually measures what it claims.

Question 66

Clinical research is useful in obtaining intimate data from patients and then using that information to generalize across the population.

Question 67

The enemy of clear thinking is skepticism.

Question 68

A disadvantage to using survey and clinical research is that results may not be applicable to the larger population.

Question 69

Critical thinking can be learned.

Question 70

In the functionalist perspective the husband and wife in the family are viewed as providing ________ roles and ________ roles functions to society.

Question 71

The use of questionnaires or interviews to collect data from a sample of the population is called ________ __________.

Question 72

A researcher who conducts a study more than once in an attempt to produce similar results is concerned with validity.

Question 73

________ is characterized by openness to new information, the creation of new categories, and the awareness of more than one perspective.

Question 74

The ecological perspective utilizes both the ________ level and ________ level orientations.

Question 75

In survey research there are two types of sample populations, ________ and ________.

Question 76

The social exchange perspective proposes that people in their social interactions ________ their benefits and ________ their costs.

Question 77

Within the conflict perspective two sources of conflict are over ________ and ________.

Question 78

A downside to using intuition is that it obscures logic.

Question 79

The process of seeking to understand a problem, gathering information, developing and carrying out a plan to solve the problem, and evaluating the plan's effectiveness is known as ________ _________.

Question 80

The systematic examination of various aspects of a culture in research is known as ________.