Deck 3: Gender: the Meanings of Masculinity Femininity

Question 1

According to ________, heterosexual men seek out physically attractive women because they appear to be more healthy and fertile and can provide them with offspring.

A)social learning theory
B)cognitive development theory
C)sociobiology
D)gender schema theory

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The belief that males and females act in traditional gender roles is called

A)gender stereotype.
B)gender socialization.
C)sociobiology.
D)cognitive development.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following groups tends to act out traditional gender roles in their families?

A)regular church goers
B)African Americans
C)white, working class
D)A and C are true

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following social agencies influence gender role behavior?

A)family
B)media
C)schools
D)All of the above

Question 5

According to ________ theory, children develop a framework of knowledge about typical male and female behaviors.

A)gender schema
B)gender socialization
C)sociobiology
D)modeling

Question 6

When little girls care for their baby dolls in response to how they observed their mothers care for their infant siblings, this is an example of ________.

A)social learning
B)role modeling
C)traditional gender roles
D)All of the above are true.

Question 7

Male students earn ________ of the "D" and "F" grades in school.

A)20%
B)35%
C)58%
D)70%

Question 8

Women of traditional backgrounds who are divorced are more likely to experience

A)poverty.
B)increased income.
C)childlessness.
D)increased happiness.

Question 9

When boys play, they tend to emphasize

A)imagination.
B)emotional expression.
C)competition.
D)passivity.

Question 10

The type of sexual harassment that doesn't necessarily have economic consequences is

A)quid pro quo.
B)tangible economic injury.
C)hostile environment.
D)sexism.

Question 11

The socially learned attitudes and behaviors associated with being male or female are called

A)sex roles.
B)role behaviors.
C)gender roles.
D)expressive roles.

Question 12

The "feminization of poverty" means that

A)single mothers are more at risk for poverty than divorced mothers.
B)both single mothers and divorced women are at risk for poverty.
C)career women after divorce are more at risk for poverty.
D)All of the above

Question 13

According to the social learning theory, learning occurs in two ways:

A)reinforcement and modeling.
B)modeling and biological influences.
C)reinforcement and biological influences.
D)imitation and cognitive mental development.

Question 14

A person who "feels trapped in the opposite sex's body" and has a sex change operation is a(n)

A)transvestite.
B)hermaphrodite.
C)transsexual.
D)intersexed individual.

Question 15

Males account for ________ of high school dropouts.

A)24%
B)32%
C)68%
D)80%

Question 16

The cultural emphasis on beauty for women in the U.S. is linked to

A)eating disorders.
B)lowered self esteem.
C)loss of value as they age.
D)All of the above

Question 17

________ theory purports that a two-year-old and a seven-year-old child will process gender role information differently.

A)Gender schema
B)Cognitive development
C)Sociobiology
D)Structural-functionalist

Question 18

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, ________ of physicians and surgeons are male.

A)51%
B)68%
C)70%
D)89%

Question 19

Traditionally, men play ________ roles in the family.

A)submissive
B)instrumental
C)expressive
D)instructional

Question 20

Stereotypes are

A)factual characteristics of all groups.
B)exaggerated expectations about a category of people that do not apply to all individuals in the group.
C)based on biological characteristics of groups.
D)rarely formed by groups toward another.

Question 21

A male-dominated society is called

A)matriarchal.
B)patriarchal.
C)patrilineal.
D)egalitarian.

Question 22

________ feminism believes inequality is caused by an unequal division of labor in society.

A)Conservative
B)Lesbian
C)Marxist
D)Liberal

Question 23

A key focus of _________ feminism is on violence against women.

A)psychoanalytic
B)radical
C)lesbian
D)Marxist

Question 24

In school, teachers tend to

A)call on girls more often.
B)discipline boys less harshly.
C)give boys more time to answer.
D)All of the above

Question 25

Which of the follow occupations has the lowest concentration of female representation?

A)health care office managers
B)claims adjusters
C)registered nurses
D)lawyers

Question 26

Which of the following is considered an expressive role?

A)taking care of the home
B)childcare
C)maintaining family relationships
D)All of the above

Question 27

Which of the following is way in which parents socialize their children into gendered roles?

A)using different forms of punishment for sons and daughters
B)providing gender appropriate toys
C)describing the same behaviors of boys and girls in different ways
D)All of the above

Question 28

Feminism in the 1960's arose in conjunction with

A)the black civil rights movement.
B)the anti-Vietnam war activism.
C)the publication of The Feminine Mystique.
D)All of the above

Question 29

Which of the following criticisms of traditional male roles is true?

A)higher expectations in the workforce leading to increased job-related stress
B)less time for family life
C)less ability to gain child custody in divorce
D)All of the above

Question 30

The definition of sexual harassment is

A)unjust discrimination based on a person's sex.
B)the belief that one sex is innately superior to another.
C)the abuse of one's position of authority to force unwanted sexual demands.
D)male domination and control of women in the workplace.

Question 31

When women who work have trouble balancing the demands of family and work responsibilities, they experience

A)role strain.
B)role conflict.
C)role expectations.
D)gender ambiguity.

Question 32

The ________ feminist movement promotes a return to traditional gender and family roles.

A)liberal
B)conservative
C)Marxist
D)socialist

Question 33

In 1919, the women's movement achieved

A)women's right to vote.
B)women's right to equal credit.
C)the end of slavery.
D)passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 34

Traditional gender roles

A)are predictable.
B)limit and discriminate against both gender groups.
C)proscribe the responsibilities of each gender
D)All of the above

Question 35

Which of the following groups teaches more independent roles to their daughters?

A)Catholics
B)Hispanics
C)African Americans
D)Asians

Question 36

A ________ is a person born with both male and female sex organs.

A)transvestite
B)transgenderist
C)hermaphrodite
D)transsexual

Question 37

________ is/are a drawback of the traditional female role.

A)Closer attachments with children
B)A sense of connection to the community
C)Dependence on others for happiness
D)Less marital stress

Question 38

________ feminism is concerned with achieving equal rights and opportunities for women.

A)Lesbian
B)Liberal
C)Radical
D)Socialist

Question 39

Feminism in the Western culture originally arose from

A)the Abolitionist movement.
B)Prohibition.
C)the Victorian Era.
D)the success of the Women's Movement.

Question 40

The branch of the men's movement that is conservative and wants to maintain male dominance is called the

A)profeminist movement.
B)masculinist movement.
C)antifeminist movement.
D)maninist movement.

Question 41

Mothers tend to be expressive and give affection equally to their sons and daughters.

Question 42

Since the 1990s, the number of male and female characters portrayed in the media has been approximately equal in number.

Question 43

Men outnumber women in all wage categories.

Question 44

Gender refers to the biological sexual characteristics a person is born with.

Question 45

American girls are increasingly behaving more like boys, as evidenced by increases in the following behavior(s):

A)equal levels of violence as that of boys.
B)increased drinking as compared to boys.
C)increased drug use as compared to boys.
D)Both B and C are correct.

Question 46

The median income for women in the United States in 2008 was approximately ________ of men's median income.

A)77%
B)63%
C)75%
D)90%

Question 47

A person who expresses the cultural characteristic of both males and females is

A)a hermaphrodite.
B)transgendered.
C)androgynous.
D)gender asexual.

Question 48

Learning by imitation of others' behavior is known as modeling.

Question 49

Fathers tend to encourage traditional gender role behaviors in their sons and daughters.

Question 50

Research has revealed that girls are more likely to be called on in class.

Question 51

________ are more likely to socialize their children in gender stereotypic ways.

A)Fathers
B)Mothers
C)Both fathers and mothers
D)Neither mothers nor fathers

Question 52

In Panel 3.2 on page 108, which of the theoretical perspectives views women as exploited because of their rigid roles?

A)Structural-Functional
B)Conflict
C)Symbolic Interaction
D)All of the above

Question 53

Fathers tend to give more verbal praise to their children, especially their daughters.

Question 54

In the U.S., working women earn half of what men earn.

Question 55

Social learning theory states learning is the result of adapting to our biological influences.

Question 56

In the U.S., girls' games emphasize

A)competition.
B)cooperation.
C)rules.
D)organized roles.

Question 57

According to Panel 3.1 on page 86, which of the following traits are considered male traits?

A)content
B)honest
C)receptive
D)rational

Question 58

When boys are told, "Big boys don't cry," they learn gender roles through

A)role modeling.
B)imitation.
C)reinforcement.
D)cognitive development.

Question 59

How people develop gender stereotypes is emphasized in which of the following theories?

A)gender schema
B)social learning
C)cognitive development
D)Both A and B

Question 60

Which of the theoretical perspectives on gender assumes that men and women are content concerning the status quo?

A)Structural-Functional
B)Conflict
C)Symbolic Interaction
D)All of the above

Question 61

Androgyny describes a person born with the biological characteristics of both sexes.

Question 62

________ are more likely to graduate from high school and go to college than ________ are.

Question 63

In traditional societies men's physical strength was valued for their food-providing role.

Question 64

The ________ are the liberal branch of the men's movement that agrees with feminist women that patriarchy creates a sexist society.

Question 65

________ refers to the socially learned behaviors and attitudes associated with being male or female.

Question 66

Both males and females have the same sex hormones, just in different amounts.

Question 67

Fathers tend to act out more expressive roles within the family.

Question 68

Learning by imitating other's behavior is called ________.

Question 69

________ are portrayed in the majority of children's television shows and movies.

Question 70

The ________ feminist movement has endorsed a return to traditional gender and family roles.

Question 71

In music videos, women are often portrayed as desirable but without agency of their own, making them ________ ________.

Question 72

Today, divorced fathers have equal chances in court of receiving full custody of their children.

Question 73

________ is the main male sex hormone, _________ and ________ are the main female sex hormones.

Question 74

A person's sex role identity is their psychological sense of their maleness or femaleness.

Question 75

Males have advantages of more power and prestige in society; therefore boys experience fewer problems in school socially and academically.

Question 76

________ is the quality of having the cultural characteristics of both males and females.

Question 77

All feminist theoretical perspectives agree that economic inequality is the primary oppressor of women.

Question 78

A hermaphrodite is a person who is born with ambiguous male and female sex organs but is clearly oriented to just one gender role.

Question 79

The ________ ________ is an antifeminist Christian movement supporting the traditional gender role of men.

Question 80

In 1993 a group known as the Barbie Liberation Organization switched the voice boxes of hundreds of Barbie dolls and G.I. Joe Action figures. The Barbie dolls yelled out phrases such as, "Attack with heavy firepower!" and the G.I. Joes stated, "Let's plan our dream wedding."