Deck 12: Work: Economics, Jobs, and Balancing Family Demands

Question 1

The official U.S. definition of poverty is regarded as inadequate because

A)it ignores the needs of single mothers.
B)childcare costs sharply reduce income levels.
C)subsistence needs vary from one geographical area to another.
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following contributed to the rise in the two-tier labor market?

A)flexibility in business to develop new products
B)the ability of businesses to lay off surplus workers
C)technological innovations and advances
D)All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In 2009, the median household income in the U.S. was

A)$35,000.
B)$49,777.
C)$58,201.
D)$65,982

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following was cited as the highest source of stress for Americans?

A)work
B)finances
C)family
D)health

Question 5

Unemployment can cause

A)an opportunity to explore new career opportunities.
B)emotional shock.
C)physical disorders such as headaches and fatigue.
D)All of the above

Question 6

In 2009, approximately what percentage of mothers with children under age 18 was in the workforce?

A)51%
B)67%
C)71%
D)92%

Question 7

Approximately ________ Americans have no health insurance at all.

A)5 million
B)10 million
C)25 million
D)50 million

Question 8

Occupations characteristic of the ________ class include lower managers, craftspeople, and technical workers.

A)upper middle
B)lower middle
C)working
D)working poor

Question 9

Nearly ________ of those respondents in a Gallup poll stated that, given a chance to start over, they would have tried to learn more about other career options.

A)24%
B)33%
C)50%
D)66%

Question 10

The decline in manufacturing jobs in the U.S. is due to

A)globalization.
B)free trade policies.
C)technology.
D)All of the above

Question 11

The poverty line is officially defined as

A)earning below minimum wage.
B)the minimum level of income considered necessary for individual and family needs.
C)the income level of those who are unemployed and unable to support themselves.
D)All of the above

Question 12

Generation Xers were born

A)between 1946 and 1964.
B)between 1965 and 1982.
C)between 1982 and 2000.
D)after 2000.

Question 13

Of families living in poverty in 2009, approximately ________ were headed by women with no husband present.

A)35%
B)30%
C)25%
D)20%

Question 14

Which of the following are recommendations for choosing a good daycare?

A)visit the facility frequently
B)visit the facility unannounced
C)observe play and other activities
D)All of the above

Question 15

________ is a primary source of power in a relationship, according to the "popular culture and the media" introduction to the chapter.

A)Sex
B)Decision making
C)Money
D)Love

Question 16

________ are when companies and states implement wages and benefits that take into account the local area's cost of living.

A)Fair labor wage laws
B)Minimum wage laws
C)Living wage laws
D)Consumer price index laws

Question 17

The average number of paid vacation days American workers have annually is

A)10.
B)14.
C)18.
D)24.

Question 18

In 2011, the poverty line was ________ for a family of four.

A)$15,997
B)$16,958
C)$22,350
D)$20,205

Question 19

Poverty rates vary by

A)gender.
B)race.
C)marital status.
D)All of the above

Question 20

The top 20% of the population receives

A)more than half of the nation's income.
B)25% of the nation's income.
C)less than 10% of the nation's income.
D)only 1% of the nation's income.

Question 21

When a husband and wife do not have clear expectations concerning whose responsibility it is to do certain tasks like pick up the children at daycare, they experience

A)role overload.
B)role conflict.
C)role expectations.
D)role ambiguity.

Question 22

President Clinton signed into law in 1996 the

A)Aid to Families with Dependent Children Act.
B)Back to Work Act.
C)Welfare Reform Act.
D)Community Assistance Act.

Question 23

Career-primary women

A)are not affected by the glass ceiling.
B)follow the mommy track.
C)are typical in the good-provider role family.
D)prioritize work over family.

Question 24

The Family and Medical Leave Act

A)affects only companies with 100 or more employees.
B)provides up to eight weeks of paid leave for family emergencies.
C)provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies.
D)All of the above

Question 25

The official definition of poverty was created in

A)1929.
B)1939.
C)1949.
D)1959.

Question 26

Which of the following groups have the highest rate of no health insurance?

A)African Americans
B)Hispanics
C)Native Americans
D)Asian Americans

Question 27

Full-time working women who feel frustrated because they cannot attend their children's school events are experiencing

A)role conflict.
B)role overload.
C)role ambiguity.
D)role disruption.

Question 28

The ability to separate work and home roles is called

A)positive self-talk.
B)role ambiguity.
C)role compartmentalization.
D)task delegation.

Question 29

Which of the following health problems occurs first after a job layoff?

A)depression
B)hopelessness
C)headaches
D)fatigue

Question 30

Typical strategies for dual-earner couples to manage their household tasks include

A)lower their standards for house and yard care.
B)hire help.
C)give the kids more responsibility.
D)All of the above

Question 31

According to Phyllis Moen's types of working mothers, the ________ take on jobs that are flexible and usually on the mommy track. They might say, "I'll work if the job fits well with my family duties."

A)captives
B)conflicted
C)copers
D)committed

Question 32

Fulltime homemaking is________ for many women.

A)monotonous.
B)autonomous.
C)satisfying.
D)All of the above

Question 33

The good-provider role emphasizes

A)the man as the sole provider for the family.
B)husbands and wives both working to support the family.
C)the significance of whichever spouse earns the highest income.
D)All of the above

Question 34

The poor

A)have greater exposure to environmental pollutants.
B)consume high fat, low vegetable diets.
C)have higher rates of smoking and alcohol use.
D)All of the above

Question 35

The dual-earner marriage

A)is also called the co-provider marriage.
B)increased to 37% of all marriages by 2000.
C)usually follows the "mommy track."
D)All of the above

Question 36

Research on children and working mothers indicates

A)the quality of childcare is an important factor.
B)the mother's sensitivity to her children's needs is most important.
C)government programs need to support families.
D)All of the above

Question 37

In a survey by the AFL-CIO on working women with young children, ________ worked a different shift from their husbands.

A)28%
B)39%
C)51%
D)68%

Question 38

Working women who quit jobs that interfere with their parenting role are called the

A)copers.
B)conflicted.
C)committed.
D)captives.

Question 39

For every 1% increase in unemployment African American communities experienced about a

A)5% increase in infant mortality rates.
B)20% increase in mortality rates.
C)30% increase in mental hospital first admissions.
D)2% increase in the imprisonment rate.

Question 40

Two co-workers splitting the same job is called

A)flextime.
B)job sharing.
C)telecommuting.
D)flex scheduling.

Question 41

Trying to achieve a "work-life balance" is an example of which of the following strategies?

A)working alternate shifts
B)using positive self-talk
C)role compartmentalization
D)using the compressed work week

Question 42

The invention of information technology devices such as cell phones, fax machines, home computers, and email have reduced Americans workload and increased their leisure time.

Question 43

The great majority of "Mr. Mom" family arrangements are by careful consideration between the couple as to who is better suited to stay home to care for the children.

Question 44

During the late 20th century, the majority of income gains in the U.S. went to the top 20% of households.

Question 45

In Panel 12.5, what percentage of income did the highest fifth of the U.S. population have?

A)23%
B)14.6%
C)50%
D)8)7%

Question 46

The official U.S. poverty line is deemed inadequate because it ignores many of the needs of single mothers.

Question 47

During the 1990s and early 2000s, African Americans significantly closed the economic gap between themselves and white workers.

Question 48

In 2010, the number of full-time stay-at-home mothers was 5 million.

Question 49

Many couples marry believing money matters are not important.

Question 50

In Panel 12.3, which racial/ethnic group had the highest median income in the U.S.?

A)Asian
B)Hispanic
C)Black
D)non-Hispanic white

Question 51

American workers have the highest number of vacation days as compared to other industrialized nations.

Question 52

An invisible barrier that prevents employed individuals from being promoted to top positions is called

A)the glass ceiling.
B)job tracking.
C)the discrimination barrier.
D)the mommy track.

Question 53

According to the introduction to Chapter 12, many Americans equate money with love.

Question 54

Working husbands and wives both cited ________ as the most important item for a successful marriage.

A)sharing of household chores
B)being unified in childrearing decisions
C)sharing bill paying responsibilities
D)having a good sexual relationship

Question 55

In 2007, the median net worth for non-white or Hispanic families was

A)$27,800.
B)$34,060.
C)$39,997.
D)$43,848.

Question 56

Women who work full-time earn approximately $0.75 for every $1.00 that male part time workers earn.

Question 57

Women who work full-time earn on average ________ for every dollar men earn.

A)86 cents
B)95 cents
C)$1.15
D)$1.50

Question 58

A worker who is allowed to work from 8:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. instead of 9:00 to 5:00 p.m. is an example of

A)a compressed workweek employee.
B)an employee using flextime.
C)job sharing.
D)telecommuting.

Question 59

In Panel 12.1, which country had the most leisure time for its employees?

A)the United States
B)Korea
C)the Netherlands
D)Mexico

Question 60

According to Panel 12.8, which group had the highest level of no health insurance?

A)Native Americans
B)Hispanics
C)Blacks
D)Asians

Question 61

________ is the time not spent engaging in work but to engage in freely chosen satisfying activities.

Question 62

In the U.S., the wealthiest one percent controls ________ percent of the wealth.

Question 63

In 2009, the median household annual income in the U.S. was ________.

Question 64

Approximately 10% of America's children live in poverty.

Question 65

Only ________ percent of families have a stay-at-home father.

Question 66

In ________, powerful labor unions have pushed for more vacation time instead of wage increases.

Question 67

________ percent of working women work part-time.

Question 68

Research indicates that parents who have control and satisfaction over their work lives experience fewer behavioral problems with their children.

Question 69

In 1938, Congress created the ________ ________ ________ Act in an attempt to bring American families' income above the poverty line.

Question 70

The percentage of dual-earner marriages is approximately half of all family types in the U.S.

Question 71

________ ________ refers to the barrier that often prevents women and minorities from advancing in their careers.

Question 72

The poor are often viewed as responsible for their circumstances because of their laziness or addictions.

Question 73

In 2010, the poverty line in the U.S. was $22,350 annual income for a family of four.

Question 74

________ and ________ families earned below the median household income.

Question 75

According to Sigmund Freud, the most important things that provide meaning and purpose to life are ________ and ________.

Question 76

Corporate welfare exists in the form of tax subsidies and corporate bailouts.

Question 77

At the same time the number of people on welfare decreased, the number of impoverished people has risen.

Question 78

Having a purpose in life is synonymous with happiness.

Question 79

A working woman can be both a "coper" and "committed" in her attempts to balance work and family life.

Question 80

More and more employees are using their sick leave for family and personal reasons.