Deck 22: Genetics and Genetically Linked Diseases

Question 1

A(n) ____________________ disorder is caused by a variation in the genetic pattern.

Answer 1

genetic

Question 2

Lethal genes can cause death at any time during the human life cycle, from the zygote stage to a mature adult human being.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Skin cells that undergo random changes as a person ages provide an example of a(n) _____.

A)chromosomal mutation
B)gene mutation
C)somatic mutation
D)inherited mutation

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Most inherited mutated genes pass on a beneficial characteristic.

Question 5

The modification of genes outside an organism's natural reproductive process is called ______________________________.

Question 6

Interferons are proteins that interfere with virus replication.

Question 7

_________________________ is a disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and pneumonia.

Question 8

What is the purpose of a genotype?

A)finding possible cures for genetic disorders
B)mapping all the genes of the human body
C)predicting the possibility of a genetic disorder
D)locating common sites of genetic mutations

Question 9

Cures have been discovered for most serious genetic disorders.

Question 10

____________________ is a sex-linked blood disorder passed on the X chromosome.

Question 11

Which of the following is a causative factor in the abnormal development of sexual organs?

A)An extra chromosome exists.
B)Sex chromosomes do not split apart when gametes are formed.
C)The genes for sexual development are missing.

Question 12

A mutagenic agent _____.

A)helps prevent mutations
B)causes mutations in many cells at the same time
C)slows down the rate of mutation
D)speeds up the rate of mutation

Question 13

Down syndrome is sometimes referred to as mongolism.

Question 14

____________________ is the term for a change that occurs in the nucleus of gametes, and it is passed on to the next generation.

Question 15

______________________________ helps prospective parents make informed decisions about having children.

Question 16

When parents share similar gene pools, their chances of having spontaneous abortions and stillbirths increase.

Question 17

Radiation and the chemical benzene are examples of _________________________.

Question 18

What is chorionic villi sampling?

A)diagnostic test in which fetal cells are removed and examined
B)test performed on amniotic fluid to identify potential disorders
C)questionnaire used in genetic counseling to create a family history
D)test given to newborn infants to identify the presence of phenylketonuria

Question 19

____________________ is the branch of biology that studies how the genes are transmitted from parents to offspring.

Question 20

A major factor that must be overcome for gene therapy to become an effective treatment option is/are _____.

A)identifying techniques to correct faulty genes
B)lack of information about human genetic material
C)the body's natural immune system

Question 21

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
presence of an extra chromosome, which causes certain physical malformations and some degree of mental retardation

Question 22

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
abnormality of red blood cells interfering with ability to carry oxygen

Question 23

The technique for correcting defective genes that cause disease is called ______________________________.

Question 24

It is estimated that everyone carries two or three recessive ____________________ genes.

Question 25

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
missing enzyme causes brain damage that results in mental and motor deterioration

Question 26

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
excretion of thick mucus that blocks the respiratory passages

Question 27

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
inability to produce a substance necessary for blood clotting

Question 28

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
anemia accompanied by enlargement of the spleen and possible congestive heart disease

Question 29

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
impairment of skeletal muscles because their fibers are replaced with fat and connective tissue

Question 30

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
a chromosomal defect that results in abnormal female sexual development

Question 31

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
abnormal gene causes deterioration of the central nervous system

Question 32

The probable reason why certain genetic diseases are more common among specific ethnic groups is that the group members share a similar _________________________.

Question 33

Match each disorder with its description.
a.phenylketonuria
f.cystic fibrosis
b.sickle cell anemia
g.thalassemia
c.Tay-Sachs disease
h.hemophilia
d.Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
i.Down syndrome
e.Huntington's disease
j.Turner's syndrome
metabolic disorder that disrupts normal brain development

Question 34

The ____________________ is a small package of DNA that carries instructions for cellular synthesis of a specific protein.