Question 1

In which form of political organization do we find a redistributive exchange involving tribute?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;tribe&#10;B)&#8203;band&#10;C)&#8203;state&#10;D)&#8203;chiefdom

Accepted Answer

Redistributive exchange involving tribute is typically found in chiefdoms, which are characterized by a centralized political organization headed by a chief who has control over resources and the ability to demand tribute or taxes from their subjects. Tribes, bands, and states may also have forms of exchange or taxation, but they differ in their degree of centralization and complexity of political organization.

Question 2

Which of the following characteristics does not describe an uncentralized political system?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;large population&#10;B)&#8203;high levels of individual freedom&#10;C)&#8203;leaders with no formal political power&#10;D)&#8203;subsistence economy

Accepted Answer

An uncentralized political system is typically associated with smaller populations where power is dispersed. Larger populations tend to necessitate more centralized systems of governance.

Question 3

Among the Kapauku, who has the ultimate authority to confiscate property?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;grandfather&#10;B)&#8203;army&#10;C)&#8203;headman&#10;D)&#8203;priest

Accepted Answer

Among the Kapauku people, the headman has the ultimate authority to confiscate property. He is responsible for settling disputes and maintaining order in the village community. The headman's power is based on his ability to mediate conflicts and make decisions that are in the best interest of the community. While other members of the community may have influence and input in decision-making, the headman's authority is ultimately respected and upheld. Therefore, option C) headman is the correct answer.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a common mechanism used in tribal societies as a means of political integration?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;racial typing&#10;B)&#8203;common-interest groups&#10;C)&#8203;age grades&#10;D)&#8203;age sets

Accepted Answer

Racial typing is not a common mechanism used in tribal societies as a means of political integration. Common-interest groups, age grades, and age sets are all common mechanisms used in tribal societies to promote social cohesion and political organization.

Question 5

Between the polarities of kin-ordered and state-ordered varieties, there are numerous types of:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;political systems&#10;B)&#8203;violent movements&#10;C)&#8203;cultural controls&#10;D)&#8203;diplomatic treaties

Accepted Answer

The polarities of kin-ordered and state-ordered varieties refer to different types of political systems. Therefore, the correct answer is A) political systems. B) violent movements, C) cultural controls, and D) diplomatic treaties do not fit the context of the question.

Question 6

In an uncentralized political system, the principal means of social organization is:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;institutions&#10;B)&#8203;class strata&#10;C)&#8203;religion&#10;D)&#8203;kinship

Accepted Answer

In an uncentralized political system, where there is no central authority, the most important means of social organization is kinship, as family ties and relationships play a crucial role in decision-making and governance. Institutions and class strata may exist, but they do not hold the same importance as they do in centralized political systems. Religion may also play a role in social organization, but it is not necessarily the principal means.

Question 7

Political assemblies known as jirgas, where tribal leaders make joint decisions by consensus are found among the:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;Kpelle&#10;B)&#8203;Kapauku&#10;C)&#8203;Pashtun&#10;D)&#8203;Ju/'hoansi

Accepted Answer

Jirgas are a traditional form of decision-making used by the Pashtun people.

Question 8

The process of determining who gets what, when, where, and how is called:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;politics&#10;B)&#8203;determination&#10;C)&#8203;centralization&#10;D)&#8203;power

Accepted Answer

The process of determining who gets what, when, where, and how is a fundamental aspect of politics. Politics is the process through which individuals and groups make decisions about how power and resources will be distributed in a society.

Question 9

A prime technique for resolving disputes in a band is:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;warfare&#10;B)&#8203;imprisonment&#10;C)&#8203;strong leadership&#10;D)&#8203;mobility

Accepted Answer

Mobility allows band members to leave and avoid conflict, thus resolving disputes without confrontation.

Question 10

Which of the following pairs are examples of uncentralized systems?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;chiefdoms/tribes&#10;B)&#8203;states/tribes&#10;C)&#8203;tribes/bands&#10;D)&#8203;bands/chiefdoms

Accepted Answer

Tribes and bands are both examples of uncentralized systems, as they do not have a centralized political authority. Chiefdoms and states, on the other hand, have a centralized political authority.

Question 11

Which is likely to be the oldest form of political organization?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;chiefdom&#10;B)&#8203;band&#10;C)&#8203;tribe&#10;D)&#8203;state

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is likely to be the oldest...

Question 12

The ability of individuals or groups to impose their will upon others and make them do things even against their own wants or wishes is called:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;sanctions&#10;B)&#8203;resistance&#10;C)&#8203;power&#10;D)&#8203;laws

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of individuals or groups to...

Question 13

What is the primary reason for lower incidences of warfare among food foragers?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;frequent mobility&#10;B)&#8203;little occupational specialization&#10;C)&#8203;significant role of the family lineage&#10;D)&#8203;small amounts of food surplus

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary reason for lower...

Question 14

An individual's status within the chiefdom is determined to the greatest extent by:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;where they live in relationship to the paramount chief&#10;B)&#8203;the amount of resources available for the group as a whole&#10;C)&#8203;closeness of their relationship with the chief&#10;D)&#8203;the individual's skills and accomplishments

Accepted Answer

The answer of An individual's status within the chiefdom is...

Question 15

In which form of political organization do we find class ranking?&#10;A)&#8203;tribe&#10;B)&#8203;band&#10;C)&#8203;state&#10;D)&#8203;chiefdom

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which form of political organization do...

Question 16

Political organization is associated with each of the following except:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;how a society creates and maintains social order&#10;B)&#8203;the way power is arranged and executed&#10;C)how decision making is structurally embedded in society&#10;D)&#8203;the means to eradicate all forms of power

Accepted Answer

The answer of Political organization is associated with each of...

Question 17

How do tribal leaders customarily enforce their authority?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;through cunning and manipulation&#10;B)&#8203;through fines and taxes&#10;C)&#8203;through military action&#10;D)&#8203;through imprisonment and legal sanctions

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do tribal leaders customarily enforce their...

Question 18

In a kin-ordered society, leaders:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;are always the eldest son of the family&#10;B)&#8203;must rule through state leaders&#10;C)&#8203;have little or no influence&#10;D)&#8203;lack formal political power

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a kin-ordered society, leaders:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;are always the...

Question 19

In what country have we recently seen the emergence of Boko Haram as a response to political power shifts?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;Nigeria&#10;B)&#8203;Kenya&#10;C)&#8203;Egypt&#10;D)&#8203;Madagascar

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what country have we recently seen...

Question 20

Among the Kapauku, the tonowi, or &#34;rich one,&#34; is the:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;shaman&#10;B)&#8203;ancestor&#10;C)&#8203;king&#10;D)&#8203;&#34;big man&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the Kapauku, the tonowi, or &#34;rich...

Question 21

Authority is associated with each of the following except:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;imposing obedience or submission&#10;B)&#8203;based on socially accepted rules&#10;C)&#8203;binding people together as a society under codified law&#10;D)&#8203;creating the basis for legitimacy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Authority is associated with each of the...

Question 22

Traditionally, chiefdoms have been extremely:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;unstable&#10;B)&#8203;small&#10;C)&#8203;aggressive&#10;D)&#8203;stable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditionally, chiefdoms have been extremely:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;unstable&#10;B)&#8203;small&#10;C)&#8203;aggressive&#10;D)&#8203;stable...

Question 23

Why were Igbo female-headed institutions destroyed?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;because women were needed to head up economic enterprises&#10;B)&#8203;because of threats from Igbo men&#10;C)&#8203;because of internal warfare among the various tribes&#10;D)&#8203;because of colonial pressures and cultural differences

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why were Igbo female-headed institutions destroyed?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;because women...

Question 24

A state governed by a priestly elite headed by a priest claiming divine descent is called a(n):&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;theocracy&#10;B)&#8203;democracy&#10;C)&#8203;monarchy&#10;D)&#8203;aristocracy

Accepted Answer

The answer of A state governed by a priestly elite...

Question 25

Which of the following forms of political organization is considered to be the most stable?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;chiefdom&#10;B)&#8203;tribe&#10;C)&#8203;state&#10;D)&#8203;band

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following forms of political...

Question 26

Why does every society develop sanctions?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;because internalized controls are not sufficient&#10;B)&#8203;because they are threatened by other groups at all times&#10;C)&#8203;because sanctions provide structure to social institutions&#10;D)&#8203;because sanctions allow societies to compete with each other

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does every society develop sanctions?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;because internalized...

Question 27

When an elected president serves as head of a state, it is called a(n):&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;autocracy&#10;B)&#8203;monarchy&#10;C)&#8203;republic&#10;D)&#8203;theocracy

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an elected president serves as head...

Question 28

&#34;Sitting on a man&#34; is:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;how Taino women pressure men to acknowledge their rule&#10;B)&#8203;how Igbo women sanction men for misbehavior&#10;C)&#8203;a Pashtun man's way of discerning male political leadership potential&#10;D)&#8203;a Kpelle form of legitimizing male political rule

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Sitting on a man&#34; is:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;how Taino women...

Question 29

An aristocracy is a government in which:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;the priestly elite are in charge&#10;B)&#8203;the state is headed by a single leader&#10;C)&#8203;the general population is represented in leadership&#10;D)&#8203;the governing noble elite claims legitimacy as rulers

Accepted Answer

The answer of An aristocracy is a government in which:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;the...

Question 30

Which type of political organization is least ordered by kinship?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;band&#10;B)&#8203;state&#10;C)&#8203;tribe&#10;D)&#8203;chiefdom

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which type of political organization is least...

Question 31

A society in which two or more ethnic groups or nationalities are politically organized into one territorial state even while maintaining their cultural differences is known as what type of society?

A)multicultural
B)pluralistic
C)ethnically plural
D)bicameral

Accepted Answer

The answer of A society in which two or more...

Question 32

What is unique about the Kpelle chiefdoms?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;The paramount chiefs tax their citizens to generate revenue.&#10;B)&#8203;The paramount chiefs do not represent the people.&#10;C)&#8203;The paramount chiefs receive a salary from the state government.&#10;D)&#8203;The chiefs are paramount and each rules a separate country.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is unique about the Kpelle chiefdoms?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;The...

Question 33

Approximately how many internationally recognized states, as defined in the text, exist today?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;500&#10;B)&#8203;130&#10;C)&#8203;75&#10;D)&#8203;200

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many internationally recognized states, as...

Question 34

What is the primary difference between a rule of law and a rule of custom?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;Laws employ overt coercion.&#10;B)&#8203;Customs employ overt coercion.&#10;C)&#8203;Laws involve few legal claims.&#10;D)&#8203;Customs involve legal sanctions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary difference between a...

Question 35

How is the leader of a chiefdom different from that of a tribe?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;The leader of a chiefdom has a standing military rank.&#10;B)&#8203;The leader of a tribe is always patrilineal.&#10;C)&#8203;The leader of a tribe rules thorough mediation and informal consensus.&#10;D)&#8203;The leader of a chiefdom is a formal authority figure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the leader of a chiefdom...

Question 36

What method do Inuit societies of northern Canada use to settle disputes?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;verbal insult&#10;B)&#8203;whaling competitions&#10;C)&#8203;witchcraft charges&#10;D)&#8203;song duels

Accepted Answer

The answer of What method do Inuit societies of northern...

Question 37

All of the following are associated with the means of using religion to legitimize power except:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;In Iran, the country's democratically elected parliament is subordinate to the ayatollah.&#10;B)In the United States, the newly elected president takes the oath of office by swearing on a Bible.&#10;C)&#8203;In England, the monarch serves as a nominal head of state and the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.&#10;D)Among the Kpelle, the paramount chief is seen as a divinely chosen representative of the church.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are associated with...

Question 38

Approximately how many nations, as defined in the text, exist today?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;50&#10;B)&#8203;50,000&#10;C)&#8203;500&#10;D)&#8203;5,000

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many nations, as defined in...

Question 39

Self-control is an example of a(n):&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;externalized control&#10;B)&#8203;internalized control&#10;C)&#8203;informal sanction&#10;D)&#8203;formal sanction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-control is an example of a(n):&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;externalized control&#10;B)&#8203;internalized...

Question 40

Laws are an example of:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;informal sanctions&#10;B)&#8203;formal sanctions&#10;C)&#8203;formative sanctions&#10;D)&#8203;formational sanctions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Laws are an example of:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;informal sanctions&#10;B)&#8203;formal sanctions&#10;C)&#8203;formative...

Question 41

In uncentralized political systems, the primary goal of judicial proceedings is to:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;reassure the general population&#10;B)&#8203;restore social harmony&#10;C)&#8203;punish the perpetrator&#10;D)&#8203;compensate the victim

Accepted Answer

The answer of In uncentralized political systems, the primary goal...

Question 42

What did Darwin believe to be the primary purpose of horns and vibrant plumage for male members of a species?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;to draw attention to males and away from females for defense&#10;B)&#8203;to serve for group defense purposes&#10;C)&#8203;to distract females from male dominance&#10;D)&#8203;to aid in the competition for a mate

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did Darwin believe to be the...

Question 43

Over the past 200 years, warfare has:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;involved property more than people&#10;B)&#8203;been associated solely with religious strife&#10;C)&#8203;intensified&#10;D)&#8203;decreased

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over the past 200 years, warfare has:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;involved...

Question 44

The advent of farming provided all of the following risk factors for warfare except:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;increased dependence&#10;B)&#8203;increases in surplus&#10;C)&#8203;presence of state society&#10;D)&#8203;increased mobility

Accepted Answer

The answer of The advent of farming provided all of...

Question 45

Richard Wrangham argues that violence leads to a:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;less aggressive society overall&#10;B)&#8203;more united society&#10;C)&#8203;female-dominated society&#10;D)&#8203;male-dominated society

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard Wrangham argues that violence leads to...

Question 46

The massive cultural change that occurs in a society when it experiences intensive firsthand contact with a more powerful society is called:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;ethnocide&#10;B)&#8203;acculturation&#10;C)&#8203;enculturation&#10;D)&#8203;genocide

Accepted Answer

The answer of The massive cultural change that occurs in...

Question 47

Disputes may be settled in each of the following ways except:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;adjudication&#10;B)&#8203;negotiation&#10;C)&#8203;exasperation&#10;D)&#8203;mediation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Disputes may be settled in each of...

Question 48

According to Ury, what is the &#34;third side&#34;?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;the ability to resolve disputes without the use of legal sanctions and coercion&#10;B)&#8203;the role that the surrounding community plays in resolving disputes between parties&#10;C)&#8203;the actual conflict resolution itself&#10;D)&#8203;the goal of promoting world peace and the elimination of all disputes

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Ury, what is the &#34;third...

Question 49

How long has warfare been a problem for human societies?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;at least since 10,000 years ago&#10;B)&#8203;at least since 15,000 years ago&#10;C)&#8203;at least since 4,000 years ago&#10;D)&#8203;at least since 2,000 years ago

Accepted Answer

The answer of How long has warfare been a problem...

Question 50

In the 20th century alone, approximately how many people have been killed due to human violence?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;15 million&#10;B)&#8203;50 million&#10;C)&#8203;150 million&#10;D)&#8203;1 billion

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the 20th century alone, approximately how...

Question 51

How are offenses viewed differently between a state society and a band society?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;In a state society, there is a distinction between crimes against the state and against individuals; in a band society, there is only transgression against individuals or kin groups.&#10;B)&#8203;In a state society, offenses are always viewed as disruptive to society in general, whereas in band societies, the offense may be solely between individuals and contained.&#10;C)&#8203;In a band society, no individual is seen as offensive; every action is understood in context through customary law.In state societies, all actions of the individual are considered to be potentially offensive.&#10;D)In band societies, self-control is taught from a young age, whereas in state societies, individuals are never taught any sort of self-control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are offenses viewed differently between a...

Question 52

Each of the following is a type of cultural control except:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;self-control&#10;B)&#8203;sanctions&#10;C)&#8203;laws&#10;D)&#8203;genocide

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each of the following is a type...

Question 53

The most common approach to justice in state societies has been:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;adjudication&#10;B)&#8203;imprisonment&#10;C)&#8203;negotiation&#10;D)&#8203;trial by ordeal

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common approach to justice in...

Question 54

What has most affected the rise of warfare among human societies?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;mobility of individuals&#10;B)&#8203;rise of state religions&#10;C)&#8203;scare resources&#10;D)&#8203;food production

Accepted Answer

The answer of What has most affected the rise of...

Question 55

The collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality is:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;a worldview&#10;B)&#8203;an ideology&#10;C)&#8203;a mission&#10;D)&#8203;a lifestyle

Accepted Answer

The answer of The collective body of ideas that members...

Question 56

All of the following are key goals of the Program on Negotiation (PON) except:&#10;A)&#8203;to implement better dispute resolution practices&#10;B)&#8203;to find a way to eliminate all disputes in human society&#10;C)&#8203;to promote collaboration among scholars in this area&#10;D)&#8203;to increase public awareness of successful conflict resolution efforts

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are key goals...

Question 57

Estimates are that large numbers of children are being co-opted into armies as child soldiers today. What is the most reasonable estimate of numbers of children serving today?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;250,000&#10;B)&#8203;500,000&#10;C)&#8203;125,000&#10;D)&#8203;75,000

Accepted Answer

The answer of Estimates are that large numbers of children...

Question 58

The argument that males are more biologically suited to combat is proposed as an example of:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;natural variation&#10;B)&#8203;sexual selection&#10;C)&#8203;genetic drift&#10;D)&#8203;sexual dimorphism

Accepted Answer

The answer of The argument that males are more biologically...

Question 59

The violent eradication of an ethnic group's collective cultural identity as a distinctive people is called:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;ethnocide&#10;B)&#8203;genocide&#10;C)&#8203;diffusion&#10;D)&#8203;revolution

Accepted Answer

The answer of The violent eradication of an ethnic group's...

Question 60

What is a Talking Circle?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;a belief that if aggrieved parties come together in a circle and smoke peace pipes, all disputes are resolved automatically&#10;B)&#8203;a means of mediating between two parties and developing a fair sense of formal coercion within the society&#10;C)&#8203;a form of dispute resolution that has been developed by Ury to foster greater interaction and understanding among disputing parties&#10;D)&#8203;a practice in which disputing parties come together in a circle to express concerns to each other free of interruption

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a Talking Circle?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;a belief that...

Question 61

Aung San Suu Kyi is a resistance leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize. In which country has she fought for freedom and democracy?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;Tibet&#10;B)&#8203;Myanmar&#10;C)&#8203;Saudi Arabia&#10;D)&#8203;India

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aung San Suu Kyi is a resistance...

Question 62

The creative blending of indigenous and foreign beliefs and practices into new cultural forms is called:&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;syncretism&#10;B)&#8203;ethnocide&#10;C)&#8203;diffusion&#10;D)&#8203;acculturation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The creative blending of indigenous and foreign...

Question 63

Why are the Ach&#233; Indians in Paraguay protesting today?&#10;A)&#8203;deforestation and displacement caused by the state&#10;B)&#8203;increasing amounts of violence and ethnocide carried out against them&#10;C)&#8203;revitalization movement to revive their indigenous religion&#10;D)&#8203;rising prices of food and taxation and decreasing wages

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are the Ach&#233; Indians in Paraguay...

Question 64

Which of the following is not a type of domination and repression?&#8203;&#10;A)&#8203;genocide&#10;B)&#8203;ethnocide&#10;C)&#8203;acculturation&#10;D)&#8203;enculturation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Deck 14: Politics Power and Violence