Deck 45: Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Question 1

The active component that produces the sound energy and image in an ultrasound transducer is the

A)backing material.
B)piezoelectric crystal.
C)magneto.
D)damping material.

Answer 1

piezoelectric crystal.

Question 2

Sound energy is a type of _______ energy.

A)electromagnetic
B)mechanical
C)compression
D)potential

Answer 2

mechanical

Question 3

When scanning in the transverse orientation,

A)the marker on the transducer should point to the patient's right side.
B)the marker on the transducer should point to the patient's head.
C)the marker on the transducer should point to the patient's left side.
D)the marker on the transducer should point to the patient's feet.

Answer 3

the marker on the transducer should point to the patient's right side.

Question 4

Sound waves operate in a cyclical fashion, and because of this

A)they have a negative phase.
B)they have a positive phase.
C)they have a cyclical compression and rarefaction.
D)all of the above

Question 5

A 3 MHz transducer would produce an ultrasound beam with a wavelength of

A)1.54 / 3 MHz.
B)5.13 x 10 ^-7.
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Question 6

The characteristic of an ultrasound beam is ultimately determined by the

A)patient's anatomy.
B)transducer design.
C)ultrasound unit's power.
D)skill of the ultrasonographer.

Question 7

Ultrasound velocity is faster in tissues or materials of

A)low frequency.
B)lower compressibility.
C)higher density.
D)lower atomic numbers.

Question 8

The "Gold Standard" of medical sonography credentialing is provided by the

A)ASRT.
B)JRCERT.
C)ARDMS.
D)ARRT.

Question 9

The relationship between ultrasound frequency and depth of penetration is

A)direct.
B)indirect.
C)inverse.
D)both b and c

Question 10

All of the following are related EXCEPT

A)RTR.
B)RDCS.
C)RVT.
D)RDMS.

Question 11

Of the choices below, the material that will have the greatest sound propagation speed is

A)cerebrum.
B)cortical bone.
C)liver.
D)heart.

Question 12

The relationship between ultrasound frequency and image resolution is

A)direct.
B)indirect.
C)inverse.
D)both b and c

Question 13

As an ultrasound beam travels through tissue, its

A)amplitude increases.
B)power increases.
C)focal zone can be changed by the sonographer.
D)intensity must remain constant.

Question 14

Modern ultrasound machines use

A)a continuous wave of sound.
B)electrons to create the echoes.
C)a pulsed sound wave.
D)electromagnetic RF energy.

Question 15

Ultrasound frequencies are

A)inaudible.
B)not related to wavelength.
C)greater than 20 kHz.
D)both a and c

Question 16

Sound waves behave like light waves in that sound waves

A)travel in straight lines.
B)may be focussed.
C)may reflect or create echoes.
D)all of the above

Question 17

The piezoelectric crystal has the potential to convert 1.sound energy to electrical energy
2)sound energy to heat energy
3)electrical energy to sound energy
4)electrical energy to electromagnetic energy
5)sound energy to electromagnetic energy

A)1 and 5 only
B)1 and 2 only
C)1 and 3 only
D)4 and 5 only

Question 18

Ultrasound frequency is expressed in

A)newtons (N).
B)rads.
C)angstroms (A).
D)hertz (Hz).

Question 19

In order to determine location and size of an area of interest during a sonography scan,

A)two parallel views are necessary.
B)a transverse and longitudinal view are needed.
C)two axial views are necessary.
D)the images are correlated to radiographic images based upon anatomy.

Question 20

A sonogram is studied by a radiologist for interpretation, and while reading the images, he/she notes that the patient may have situs inversus.This is a condition in which the normal anatomy is reversed left to right or right to left.To confirm this condition,

A)the transducer markers must be confirmed as being accurate.
B)a CT scan of the abdomen is taken to check anatomy.
C)a radiograph of the patient is automatically taken to check anatomy.
D)the patient can be asked if they have this condition, as most patients know this anyway.

Question 21

The intensity of the returning echoes in medical sonography is determined by

A)the difference in Z values between tissue membranes.
B)the window and level of the output image.
C)the concentration of the ultrasound gel (coupler).
D)how hard the sonographer presses the transducer into the patient's flesh.

Question 22

A transducer that lacks a damping material has

A)inherently high resolution but low frequency.
B)an increased spatial pulse length and reduced resolution.
C)poor axial resolution.
D)all of the above

Question 23

The relationship between ultrasound beam intensity

A)and power is inverse.
B)and power is direct, proportionately.
C)and amplitude is nonexistent.
D)and the transducer is unrelated

Question 24

The ultrasound transducer has the ability to send out sound waves and listen for returning echoes.The time the transducer is sending signals is termed its

A)capacitance.
B)echo response time.
C)duty factor.
D)use factor.

Question 25

In order to produce the best possible image, there must be a

A)similarity of acoustic impedances.
B)angled relationship between the beam direction and tissue.
C)difference of acoustic impedances and a perpendicular angle of the beam and tissue interface.
D)identical tissue interface.

Question 26

All of the following are related EXCEPT

A)convex array.
B)linear array.
C)dimensional array.
D)annular phased array.

Question 27

Echoes created in ultrasonography are the result of

A)differences in acoustic impedances at tissue interfaces.
B)similar tissues having the same acoustic impedance.
C)tissue interfaces running at angles parallel to the primary beam path.
D)photoelectric and Compton scattering interactions.

Question 28

Doppler scanning relies on the principle of

A)directional flow and echoes.
B)measuring velocity as opposed to speed.
C)assigned color values based upon echo direction and intensity.
D)all of the above

Question 29

The process of sound losing energy as it travels through a medium is called

A)diffraction.
B)reflection.
C)attenuation.
D)shadowing.

Question 30

Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging in real time is referred to as

A)phased 3-D ultrasound.
B)convex 3-D ultrasound.
C)duplex scanning.
D)4-D ultrasound.

Question 31

Sound waves are unlike electromagnetic waves in that sound waves cannot be transmitted through

A)water.
B)air.
C)a vacuum.
D)a sphere gap.

Question 32

Harmonic sound waves

A)are the result of scattered echoes hitting each other.
B)allow the sonographer to use a low frequency transducer for penetration with improved resolution.
C)do not occur in a water medium.
D)remain as a sinusoidal wave shape but can change shape based upon tissue shape and contour.

Question 33

According to Huygen's principle,

A)focussed beams have a near field and a far field.
B)the narrowest portion of the focussed beam is the transition zone.
C)the beam is useful to about two near field lengths (NFL).
D)all of the above

Question 34

The sonographer can change the intensity, power or amplitude of a sound wave

A)by adjusting the gain.
B)by altering the dBs .
C)by changing the time gain compensation.
D)all of the above

Question 35

As sound travels through an absorbing medium 1.its amplitude decreases
2)it gains velocity and power
3)its power decreases
4)its direction is altered
5)it loses intensity

A)1, 2, and 5 only
B)2, 4, and 5 only
C)1, 3, and 5 only
D)2 and 4 only

Question 36

Which of the following patient pathologies would NOT be well-suited for sonographic examination?

A)cholelithiasis
B)ovarian cyst
C)ventricular septal defect (VSD)
D)osteomyelitis

Question 37

The characteristic of spatial pulse length (SPL)

A)is distance from the beginning of the pulse to the end of the pulse.
B)is alterable by the sonographer.
C)has no effect upon resolution.
D)is directly related to frequency and depth.

Question 38

The preferred ultrasound examination to evaluate vascular occlusions and blood flow dynamics is

A)M-mode scanning.
B)B-mode scanning.
C)color flow Doppler scanning.
D)triplex scanning.

Question 39

A linear array transducer

A)is fixed in focal range.
B)has elements arranged in a row and fired simultaneously.
C)creates a "steerable" sound beam.
D)all of the above

Question 40

High frequency transducers have

A)better resolution and less penetration.
B)better resolution and better penetration.
C)lower resolution and less penetration.
D)lower resolution and better penetration.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
ultrasound gel

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
frequency of sound is related to direction of echo relative to source

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
unit of acoustic impedance

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
scanning mode used to assess cardiac pathologies

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
piezoelectric crystal material

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 46

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
accounts for a near and far zone of beam

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 47

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
the process by which images are displayed on current machines.

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle

Question 48

MATCHING
Match the following choices with the correct statement as each relates to medical sonography.
comes in direct contact with the patient as part of the transducer

A)B-mode
B)rayls
C)damping material
D)decibels
E)Doppler
F)acoustic coupler
G)PZT
H)matching layer
I)M-mode
J)Huygen's principle