Deck 9: Radiation Protection Procedures for Patients and Personnel

Question 1

The annual effective dose limit for a 24-year-old radiographer to ionizing radiation is ____ rem.

A)50 mSv.
B)24 rem.
C)5 rem.
D)both a and c

Answer 1

both a and c

Question 2

When no threshold dose for radiation exists, the effect is known as

A)stochastic.
B)nonstochastic.
C)deterministic.
D)both b and c

Answer 2

stochastic.

Question 3

Deterministic effects of ionizing radiation include all of the following EXCEPT

A)sterility.
B)cataracts.
C)skin erythema.
D)cancer.

Answer 3

cancer.

Question 4

If the distance between the individual and the source of radiation is doubled, the exposure to the individual will be reduced by a factor of

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)12

Question 5

By design, primary barriers are able to intercept and absorb

A)primary radiation.
B)secondary radiation.
C)the useful beam.
D)all of the above

Question 6

Dose limits have been established for

A)the whole body.
B)certain tissues.
C)certain organs.
D)all of the above

Question 7

Protective devices include all of the following EXCEPT

A)lead aprons.
B)lead gloves.
C)lead glasses.
D)compensating bolus material.

Question 8

For fluoroscopic procedures with a kVp of 100 or more, the protective apron must possess a minimum of ____ lead equivalent.

A)0.05 mm
B)0.5 mm
C)1.0 mm
D)5.0 mm

Question 9

Which of the following technical factors are chosen to minimize patient dose?

A)high kVp/low mAs
B)low kVp/high mAs
C)high kVp/high mAs
D)low kVp/low mAs

Question 10

Secondary barriers are intended to intercept

A)scatter radiation from the patient.
B)leakage radiation from the x-ray tube.
C)primary beam that exits the patient.
D)both a and b

Question 11

Protective aprons and gloves are usually made of lead-impregnated vinyl within the range of ____ lead equivalency.

A)0.25-1.0 mm
B)0.25-1.0 cm
C)0.1-0.25 mm
D)0.1-0.25 cm

Question 12

Radiation exposure limits applicable to the protection of radiation workers are known as ____ limits.

A)dose
B)radiation
C)ionizing
D)stochastic

Question 13

To reduce an individual's exposure to ionizing radiation, all of the following would be acceptable EXCEPT

A)to reduce the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the radiation source.
B)to increase the distance between the individual and the radiation source.
C)to wear the radiation dosimeter at the collar.
D)standing behind a lead barrier during exposure.

Question 14

The cumulative effective dose limit for an occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is ____ mrem.

A)5000
B)500
C)50
D)none of the above

Question 15

Proper x-ray beam collimation does all of the following EXCEPT

A)reduce patient dose.
B)improve radiographic image quality.
C)eliminate the need for gonadal shielding.
D)reduce scatter radiation.

Question 16

The NCRP recommends a minimum total filtration of ____ for x-ray equipment operating above 70 kVp.

A)1.0 mm Al/Eq
B)2.5 mm Al/Eq
C)1.0 mm Pb/Eq
D)2.0 mm Pb/Eq

Question 17

The annual effective dose limit for an individual in the general public for infrequent exposure to ionizing radiation is ____ rem.

A)1
B)0.1
C)5
D)0.5

Question 18

Which one of the following agencies is a regulatory agency responsible for protecting both the public and occupationally exposed individuals from the effects of ionizing radiation?

A)NCRP
B)ICRP
C)NRC
D)IRS

Question 19

For an individual to reduce exposure by a factor of 25, the distance between the individual and source of ionizing radiation should

A)increase by a factor of 5.
B)decrease by a factor of 4.
C)increase by a factor of 3.
D)decrease by a factor of 5.

Question 20

What is the cumulative dose limit for a 36-year-old radiation worker?

A)360 mSv
B)36 mSv
C)360 mrem
D)3.6 mrem

Question 21

Special gonadal shields should be employed any time the gonads are

A)being radiographed.
B)directly in the primary beam.
C)within 5 cm of the primary beam.
D)within 1 mm of the primary beam.

Question 22

All of the following would be effective structural protective barrier materials EXCEPT

A)Bakelite.
B)lead-lined drywall.
C)12-inch thick solid concrete.
D)lead impregnated acrylic polymer.

Question 23

An x-ray sales person who demonstrates the usage of his/her product to radiographers once or twice a year would be classified as

A)an occupationally exposed individual.
B)an exempt radiation worker.
C)a general public member.
D)an occasionally exposed radiation worker.

Question 24

Match the following choices as they relate to radiation protection of patients and personnel.
established in 1928 with worldwide participation

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 25

Match the following choices as they relate to radiation protection of patients and personnel.
an obsolete patient protection philosophy

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 26

The cardinal rules of radiation protection are

A)time, source, shielding
B)time, distance, position
C)time, distance, shielding
D)shielding, thickness, use factor

Question 27

The concept of ALARA

A)allows x-ray exposure under all circumstances.
B)necessarily requires a benefit vs. risk assessment by the ordering physician.
C)permits the radiographer to alter physician orders in order to lessen dose.
D)shifts the responsibility for exposure reduction to the ordering physician.

Question 28

As a professional radiographer, the practice of ALARA requires you to

A)employ high ratio grids.
B)use low mAs , high kVp exposure techniques.
C)use the largest receptor possible in order to get a higher-quality image.
D)restrict the x-ray beam to the clinical area of interest.

Question 29

The use of a radiographic grid when performing a femur radiograph will result in

A)a small decrease in patient dose.
B)an increase in patient dose.
C)no change to the patient dose.
D)a large decrease in patient dose.

Question 30

A fetus is most radiosensitive during ____ postconception.

A)1 hour
B)1 day
C)1 to 5 weeks
D)8 to 15 weeks

Question 31

As the speed of the image receptor increases, patient dose

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)increases according to the inverse square law.
D)remains the same, since receptor speed is more a factor of grid ratio.

Question 32

Match the following choices as they relate to radiation protection of patients and personnel.
gonadal shields

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 33

The lenses of the eyes will receive the greatest dose during which one of the following procedures?

A)AP skull
B)lateral skull
C)PA skull
D)Lens exposure is equal regardless of projection.

Question 34

Match the following choices as they relate to radiation protection of patients and personnel.
image intensifier in fluoroscopic system

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 35

Match the following choices as they relate to radiation protection of patients and personnel.
random in nature and non-threshold dose response

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al

Question 36

Match the following choices as they relate to radiation protection of patients and personnel.
A threshold dose will likely yield the biologic effect.

A)compound filter
B)added
C)Thoraeus filter
D)trough filter
E)beryllium
F)aluminum
G)HVL
H)keV
I)1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
J)2.5 mm Al