Deck 2: Bacteria

Question 1

The bacterial chromosome is a highly condensed structure that is tightly wound up around itself to fit into the bacterial cell.What is the main enzyme responsible for condensing the DNA?

A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA topoisomerase
D) DNA endonuclease
E) DNA synthetase

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Some bacteria produce sterol-like molecules called ___ that help to stabilize the plasma membrane.

A) ergosterol
B) progesterone
C) hopanoids
D) phycols
E) stigmasterols

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If cells are placed into a hypertonic solution,what reaction would you expect?

A) The cell would lose water.
B) The cell would gain water.
C) The cell would pump out ions.
D) The cell would lyse.
E) The cell would increase in size.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What protein plays an important role in determining cell shape by directing cell wall synthesis in non-spherical bacteria?

A) FtsZ
B) MreB
C) ParM
D) FlaA
E) PepZ

Question 5

What is the typical length of a bacterium?

A) 5 - 10 nm
B) 0.5 - 5 µm
C) 20 - 40 µm
D) 5 - 10 mm
E) 20 - 40 mm

Question 6

Sulfur globules are an example of inclusion bodies that may be found in some bacterial cells.What is their use?

A) They are a carbon source
B) They are used for nucleotide synthesis
C) As an energy source
D) They provide buoyancy
E) They assist in membrane synthesis

Question 7

Which term describes spherical-shaped bacteria?

A) cocci
B) bacilli
C) spirilla.
D) vibrios.
E) pleiomorphs

Question 8

Which region contains the chromosome in the bacterial cell?

A) Nucleus
B) Nucleoid
C) Plasmid
D) Plastid
E) Prophage

Question 9

Which best describes the chemical structure of the Bacteria domain cytoplasmic membrane ?

A) A bilayer of phospholipids.
B) A monolayer of phospholipids.
C) A monolayer of phospholipids with sterols.
D) A bilayer of phospholipids with sterols.
E) A trilayer of phospholipids.

Question 10

What is the role of the ParM protein in bacteria?

A) Determination of cell shape.
B) To assign plasmids to each cell during cell division.
C) To assist in carrying out meiosis.
D) In cell movement during chemotaxis.
E) In sugar and protein metabolism.

Question 11

How are gas vesicles used by bacterial cells?

A) As a source of oxygen
B) As a source of nitrogen
C) As a source of hydrogen
D) For buoyancy
E) As an energy source

Question 12

Which term describes straight,rod-shaped bacteria?

A) cocci
B) bacilli
C) spirilla.
D) vibrios.
E) pleiomorphs

Question 13

Which one of the following is NOT a key function of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A) signal transduction
B) nutrient transport
C) environmental sensing
D) protein synthesis
E) oxidative electron transport

Question 14

What protein has been shown to play an important role in cell division through the formation of the Z-ring?

A) FtsZ
B) MreB
C) ParM
D) FlaA
E) PepZ

Question 15

What does the ABC transporter system use as the source of energy for transport?

A) pyruvate
B) glucose
C) ATP
D) NADH
E) diffusion

Question 16

Which statement is FALSE in regards to the plasma membrane?

A) Glucose cannot easily diffuse across the plasma membrane.
B) Protons can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane.
C) Oxygen can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane.
D) Water can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane.
E) Potassium ions cannot easily diffuse across the plasma membrane.

Question 17

What is the main function of the FtsZ protein in the bacterial cell?

A) DNA replication
B) transcription
C) translation
D) cell division
E) meiosis

Question 18

The MreB protein in bacteria may play an important role in:

A) determining cell shape
B) motility
C) energy metabolism
D) meiosis
E) nuclear division

Question 19

What conditions must be met in order for an "active transport system" to transport of a nutrient into a cell?

A) The nutrient concentration must be higher on the outside of the cell.
B) The nutrient concentration must be lower on the inside of the cell.
C) The nutrient concentration must be equal inside and outside of the cell.
D) Passive diffusion needs to drive this transport.
E) Some form of energy is required for proper transport.

Question 20

Which is an example of an "inclusion body" found in a bacterial cell?

A) the nucleus
B) the mitochondria
C) a topoisomerase
D) the cell membrane
E) polyhydroxybutyrate

Question 21

If the cytoplasm has a higher solute concentration than the external environment,you would expect the cell to lose water due to osmosis.

Question 22

The proton motive force (PMF)across a cell membrane can be used for which of these processes?

A) Generate ATP.
B) Propel the flagella.
C) Transport nutrients into the cell.
D) Transport molecules out of the cell.
E) All of these choices.

Question 23

The bacterial flagellum is turned by a motor using energy from:

A) ATP.
B) glucose.
C) a proton motive force.
D) phosphoenolpyruvate.
E) AMP.

Question 24

The glycan portion of peptidoglycan is composed of alternating units of which two compounds?

A) glucose and fructose
B) N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
C) N-acetylmannose and N-acetylglucose
D) N-acetylfructose and N-acetylglucose
E) N-acetylmannitol and N-acetylsorbitol

Question 25

Which is the major component of the cell wall of microbes in the Bacteria domain?

A) cellulose
B) chitin
C) protein
D) polysaccharide
E) peptidoglycan

Question 26

Which compound binds the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria to the thin peptidoglycan layer?

A) lipoproteins
B) lipoteichoic acid
C) porin
D) bactoprenol
E) polysaccharide

Question 27

Diaminopimelic acid is an amino acid naturally found in peptidoglycan.

Question 28

Which of these enzymes is produced by many animals for the hydrolysis of the glycan chain in peptidoglycan?

A) lysozyme
B) ligase
C) lipase
D) aminidase
E) amylase

Question 29

What is the main function of peptidoglycan?

A) Controlling movement of nutrients into and outof the cell.
B) Protecting the cell from harmful chemicals.
C) Regulating the transport of water into the cell.
D) Protecting against osmotic stress.
E) Generating energy through electron transport phosphorylation.

Question 30

Which of these is included in the Gram-negative cell envelope?

A) peptidoglycan, LPS, and lipoteichoic acids.
B) peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, and lipoteichoic acids.
C) peptidoglycan, LPS, and teichoic acids.
D) peptidoglycan, LPS, and a large periplasmic space.
E) teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids, and a large periplasmic space.

Question 31

Which of these describes the peritrichous arrangement of flagella?

A) Flagella all around the cell.
B) Flagella at both polar ends of the cell.
C) Flagella in a tuft at one end of the cell.
D) Flagella inside the periplasm wrapping around the cell.
E) Flagella on a single side of the cell.

Question 32

What is a signal peptide?

A) The amino acid sequence of a protein that detects changes in the external environment and signals this change to components in the cell.
B) A regulatory protein that turns on/off the expression of certain genes.
C) A protein used to signal cell division.
D) A short amino acid sequence on the end of a protein that is used for transport of the protein out of the cell.
E) A protein in the cytoplasmic membrane that is used to communicate with other closely related cells.

Question 33

What are short fiber-like structures that protrude from the bacterial surface and are primarily used for attachment called?

A) pili
B) flagellin
C) porins
D) bactoprenol
E) lipopolysaccharides

Question 34

Magnetosomes are an example of membrane enclosed organelles found in some bacteria.

Question 35

Which of these is included in the the Gram-positive cell envelope?

A) peptidoglycan, LPS, and lipoteichoic acids.
B) peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, and lipoteichoic acids.
C) peptidoglycan, LPS, and teichoic acids.
D) peptidoglycan, LPS, and a periplasmic space.
E) teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids, and a large periplasmic space.

Question 36

The lipopolysaccharides (LPS)of most Gram-negative bacteria is able to trigger a very strong inflammatory response in humans.

Question 37

All of the following are taxonomic groups used to classify bacteria EXCEPT:

A) Kingdom.
B) Phylum.
C) Class.
D) Family.
E) Genus.

Question 38

The ABC transporter system uses phosphoenolpyruvate as the energy source to drive transport.

Question 39

What is the function of the bacterial capsule?

A) Attachment.
B) Preventing phagocytosis by phagocytic cells.
C) Resisting desiccation.
D) All of these choices.
E) None of these choices.

Question 40

What is the reaction of β-lactamase enzymes?

A) Hydrolyze the glycan chain of peptidoglycan.
B) Hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose.
C) Inactivate antibiotics like penicillin.
D) Inactivate the enzyme lysozyme.
E) Prevent the transpeptidation reaction during peptidoglycan synthesis.

Question 41

What advantage against antibacterials does the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria offer when compared to Gram-positive bacteria?

Question 42

Short hair-like protrusions on the surface of some bacterial cells,used primarily for attachment but some are used for motility,and called ___ .

Question 43

A mutant strain of E.coli has been isolated that has a mutation in the mreB gene.Describe the phenotypic appearance of the mutant strain.Why does it have this appearance?

Question 44

The movement of a bacterial cell toward a chemical attractant is called ________.

Question 45

Describe the chemical composition of the peptidoglycan.

Question 46

In the scientific name Bacillus cereus,the term Bacillus represents the organism's ___ and cereus its ____.

Question 47

The bacterial flagellum is structurally and functionally related to the eukaryotic flagellum.

Question 48

The bacterial ___ functions in protection from desiccation,and phagocytosis,and in attachment.

Question 49

Protein channels in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that allow the diffusion of small molecules (600 daltons or less)across the membrane into the periplasmic space are called ____.

Question 50

Describe the process of chemotaxis.

Question 51

_______ motility is used by myxobacteria and some cyanobacteria for smooth movement across a solid surface.