Deck 3: Eukaryal Microbes

Question 1

Molecular chaperones are proteins involved in which eukaryal cell process?

A) transcription
B) translation
C) mitosis
D) protein folding
E) energy production

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which alga is commonly used as a model eukaryal organism to study flagellar operation?

A) Synechococcus elongatus
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C) Euglena gracilis
D) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
E) Trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Eukaryal proteins that are secreted outside of the cell undergo modification before secretion.Which organelles are involved in this secretion pathway?

A) the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum
B) the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
C) the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
D) the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome
E) the lysosome and mitochondria

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of these best describes chemiosmosis?

A) The movement of water across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.
B) The movement of protons across a biological membrane for energy production.
C) The movement of organic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.
D) The movement of inorganic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.
E) The production of energy as a result of the reactions occurring in the glycolytic pathway.

Question 5

What is the function of sterols in the eukaryal membrane?

A) To increase membrane fluidity.
B) To help stabilize the membrane.
C) To aid in transport of nutrients into the cell.
D) To participate in the synthesis and assembly of lipids in the membrane.
E) To contribute to cell movement.

Question 6

Which statement below is FALSE regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

A) Both contain DNA.
B) Both replicate independently of the host cell.
C) Both function in energy generation.
D) Both contain the enzymes for the glycolytic pathway.
E) Both contain inner membranes.

Question 7

Movement of the eukaryal cilia and flagella involves interaction between dynein motor proteins and _____ .

A) microtubules
B) microfilaments
C) intermediate filaments
D) PMF driven motors in the membrane
E) intermediate filaments and actin

Question 8

What are the three major structures that comprise the eukaryal cytoskeleton?

A) microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
B) centromeres, microtubules, and microfilaments
C) telomeres, centromeres, and microtubules
D) telomeres, microtubules, and microfilaments
E) telomeres, centromeres, and microfilaments

Question 9

What is the basic chemical structure of a phospholipid in a eukaryal cell?

A) A glycerol molecule with cholesterol attached.
B) A fatty acid with a phosphate attached at the carboxyl end.
C) A glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate attached.
D) A glycerol molecule with two phosphates and a fatty acid attached.
E) A glycerol molecule with cholesterol and phosphate attached.

Question 10

Which of these best describes the process of meiosis in eukaryal cells?

A) Asexual reproduction.
B) Two rounds of DNA replication followed by cell division.
C) The combining of two gametes.
D) DNA replication followed by two cell divisions.
E) The asexual production of diploid cells.

Question 11

Chitin,a component of the fungal cell wall,is a polymer composed of _____.

A) amino acids
B) glucose
C) acetyl-glucosamine
D) silica dioxide
E) dipicolinic acid

Question 12

Eukaryal proteins undergo various chemical modifications after the translational process to ensure correct folding of the protein for optimal activity.Which of these are examples of such modifications?

A) hydrogen bond formation and disulfide bond formation
B) attachment of lipids and glucose molecules
C) acetylation and phosphorylation
D) hydrogen bond formation, disulfide bond formation, acetylation and phosphorylation are correct
E) all of these choices are correct

Question 13

When the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae completes meiosis,the resulting ascospores:

A) always combine to form a diploid cell.
B) will continue to replicate asexually as haploid cells.
C) may combine to form a diploid cell or replicate as haploid cells.
D) are all genetically identical.
E) will immediately undergo meiosis a second time.

Question 14

Microtubules are composed of which protein?

A) actin
B) myosin
C) tubulin
D) flagellin
E) keratin

Question 15

What is the defining organelle of eukaryal cells?

A) mitochondron
B) chloroplast
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nucleus
E) lysosome

Question 16

Which of these best represents the component(s)of the plasma membrane of eukaryal cells?

A) phospholipids only
B) phospholipids and sterols
C) phospholipids and proteins.
D) phospholipids, proteins, and sterols
E) proteins and sterols

Question 17

Which of these is a fungus widely used by molecular biologists to investigate the workings of eukaryal cells?

A) Giardia lamblia
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C) Dictyostelium discoideum
D) Penicillium notatum
E) Cephalosporium acremonium

Question 18

A haploid Chlamydomonas replicates asexually under favorable environmental conditions.What happens when growth conditions deteriorate?

A) It becomes motile.
B) It stops growing.
C) It changes morphologically to form large aggregates.
D) It changes into a gamete and fuses with another gamete.
E) It changes morphologically into a spore for survival.

Question 19

The result of meiosis is the production of:

A) four haploid cells.
B) two diploid cells.
C) two haploid cells.
D) four diploid cells.
E) two haploid cells and two diploid cells.

Question 20

What is the slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum commonly used to study?

A) the fungal life cycle
B) evolution of multi-cellularity
C) flagella movement
D) cell wall synthesis
E) cyst formation

Question 21

All eukaryal microbes possess cell walls.

Question 22

Which of these is an example of an insect-borne disease caused by a eukaryal microbe?

A) malaria
B) histoplasmosis
C) tuberculosis
D) cryptosporidiosis
E) Rocky Mountain Spotted-Fever

Question 23

Chloroplasts most likely originated from which of these independent organisms?

A) alpha-proteobacteria
B) anoxygenic photobacteria
C) gamma-proteobacteria
D) purple sulfur bacteria
E) cyanobacteriia

Question 24

The eukaryal cell emerged on Earth approximately ______ years ago.

A) four billion
B) three billion
C) two billion
D) one billion
E) 500 million

Question 25

All mitochondria contain DNA that shares sequence similarity with bacteria from the Phylum _____ .

A) Firmicutes
B) Proteobacteria.
C) Fusobacteria
D) Aquificales
E) Synergistes

Question 26

Which of these is an example of a eukaryal intestinal pathogen that is transmitted to humans through contaminated food and water?

A) Epulopiscium fischeri
B) Plasmodium vivax
C) Giardia lamblia
D) Listeria monocytogenes
E) Legionella pneumophila

Question 27

What are the main eukaryal pathogens of plants?

A) slime molds
B) fungi
C) protozoans
D) amoebas
E) algae

Question 28

The best way to classify all eukaryal microbes is to group them into the Protist kingdom.

Question 29

Which of these organisms causes Athlete's foot?

A) a slime mold
B) a fungus
C) an amoeba
D) a protozoan
E) a bacterium

Question 30

Haploid Dictyostelium replicate by mitosis when nutrients are plentiful.What happens when growth conditions deteriorate?

A) The cells change morphologically into a resilient structure called a cyst.
B) The cells change into a gamete and fuse with another gamete to produce a zygote.
C) The cells become motile by means of a flagellum and move on to another food source.
D) The cells aggregate to form a multicellular slug.
E) The cells stop growing.

Question 31

Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly and causes which disease?

A) malaria
B) histoplasmosis
C) African sleeping sickness
D) cryptosporidiosis
E) tuberculosis

Question 32

Amitochondriates are eukaryal microbes that lack mitochondria.What evidence shows that some of these microbes may at one time have had mitochondria?

A) They can respire on oxygen.
B) They have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
C) They have 70S ribosomes.
D) They have some alpha-proteobacterium DNA in their chromosome.
E) They have circular chromosomes.

Question 33

Which one of the following statements DOES NOT support the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of mitochondria?

A) The mitochondria divides by binary fission.
B) The mitochondria contains DNA related to bacterial DNA.
C) The mitochondria contains lipids similar to bacterial lipids.
D) The mitochondria replicates on the same cycle as the nucleus.
E) The mitochondria is the approximate shape and size of a bacterium.

Question 34

Aggregate formation in Dictyostelium cells is the result of a cell signaling mechanism that uses cyclic AMP as a signal molecule.

Question 35

The slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum is classified as a fungus.

Question 36

Which of these diseases is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

A) severe dysentery
B) malaria
C) pneumonia
D) tuberculosis
E) African sleeping sickness

Question 37

The Endosymbiotic Theory is used to explain the origin of the ____ in the eukaryotic cell.

A) chromosome
B) ribosome
C) mitochondrion
D) lysosome
E) vacuole

Question 38

Eukaryal microbes play a very important role in the digestion of ___ in the gut of ruminants.

A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) phospholipids
D) cellulose
E) lactose

Question 39

Mitochondria replicate independently of the host cell.

Question 40

Eukaryal microbes called amitochondriates lack mitochondria.

Question 41

Amebic dysentery is caused by Shigella sonnei.

Question 42

Plasmodium falciparum causes the disease ______.

Question 43

What are the main lines of evidence that support the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of the mitochondria and chloroplast?

Question 44

Microfilament are made of the protein ___.

Question 45

Describe the differences between Bacteria,Archaea,and Eukarya in regards to cell walls and plasma membranes.

Question 46

Describe how proteins made in the cytoplasm of eukaryal cells arrive at their correct destination,such as the mitochondria or nucleus.

Question 47

When Saccharomyces undergoes meiosis,it forms four haploid cells called ___.

Question 48

Most cell walls of algae are composed of ___.