Deck 20: Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

TH1 cells function in which of these processes?

A) The humoral immune response.
B) The cell-mediated immune response.
C) The innate immune response.
D) The production of antibody.
E) The activation of complement by antigen-antibody complex.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of these is true of B cell receptors (BCRs)?

A) They are able to bind soluble antigen.
B) They present processed antigen to T cells.
C) They comprise the MHC complex of B cells.
D) They are different from antibody produced by the B cell.
E) They activate naïve T cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these can activate T cells during the adaptive immune response?

A) Only B cells.
B) B cells and macrophages.
C) Macrophages and dendritic cells.
D) B cells and dendritic cells.
E) B cells or macrophages or dendritic cells.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Macrophages perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:

A) present antigen on MHC I type molecules.
B) present antigen on MHC II type molecules.
C) phagocytize bacteria.
D) produce antibody.
E) activate T cells.

Question 5

What are plasma cells?

A) Antibody producing cells.
B) The same as memory B cells.
C) Any lymphocyte in the blood stream.
D) The same as memory CD8⁺ T cells.
E) T-helper cells.

Question 6

T independent activation of B cells usually requires which of the following?

A) An internal protein antigen.
B) Dendritic cell activation of the B cell.
C) A highly repetitive antigen like some polysaccharides.
D) Macrophage activation of the B cell.
E) Toll-like receptor activation of the B cell.

Question 7

Which of these is NOT a function of dendritic cells?

A) Activate naïve CD4⁺ T cells.
B) Activate naïve CD8⁺ T cells.
C) Function as a "professional" phagocyte.
D) Activate effector CD4⁺ T cells
E) Activate memory CD4⁺ T cells.

Question 8

Exogenous antigen can be taken up by antigen-presenting cells through phagocytosis,processed,and presented to T cells on their surface by these.

A) MHC I molecules
B) MHC II molecules
C) interleukin 2 molecules
D) tumor necrosis factor alpha
E) interferon gamma

Question 9

TH2 cells function by releasing cytokines that:

A) cause proliferation of antigen activated CD8⁺ T cells.
B) enhance phagocytosis by macrophages.
C) enhance phagocytic killing by macrophages.
D) enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils.
E) cause proliferation of antigen activated B cells.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the primary immune response?

A) The response only involves T cells.
B) Only a few cells can initially recognize the specific antigen.
C) The response is slow and may take several weeks to develop.
D) Clonal expansion of B cells and T cells occur after antigen exposure.
E) Memory cells produced during this response can last for years.

Question 11

What is the effector function of CD8⁺ cells?

A) Stimulation of B-cells for antibody production.
B) Antibody production.
C) The cytotoxic killing of infected cells.
D) Stimulation of macrophages.
E) Stimulation of dendritic cells.

Question 12

The process of antigen cross presentation is especially important in:

A) developing a strong antibody response.
B) developing an appropriate response to viruses that do not infect APCs.
C) developing an appropriate response to virus-infected APCs.
D) processing of exogenous antigen.
E) processing of endogenous antigen.

Question 13

What are the two main functions of B cells?

A) Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and antibody production.
B) Activation of effector CD8⁺ T cells and antibody production.
C) Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and effector CD8⁺ T cells.
D) Activation of effector CD4⁺ T cell and antibody production.
E) Activation of naïve CD4⁺ T cells and effector CD4⁺ T cells.

Question 14

Endogenous antigens originate in pathogen infected cells.Which of these process and present pathogen associated antigens on the cell surface?

A) MHC I molecules
B) MHC II molecules
C) T cell receptors
D) interleukin-2
E) tumor necrosis factor alpha

Question 15

Which of these are B cell receptors (BCR)able to bind? (Choose the most complete answer.)

A) Only proteins.
B) Only polysaccharides.
C) Only lipids.
D) Only proteins and polysaccharides.
E) Proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids.

Question 16

What is the function of interleukin-2?

A) A growth factor for T-cells.
B) An antigen presenting molecule on the surface of B cells.
C) An activator of dendritic cells.
D) A chemoattractant for PMNs. e. A trigger for degranulation of PMNs.

Question 17

Antigen-presenting cells infected by a virus can present processed viral antigen on their surface to T cells through these.

A) MHC I molecules
B) MHC II molecules
C) interleukin 2 molecules
D) tumor necrosis factor alpha
E) interferon gamma

Question 18

Which of these is able to bind to T cell receptors on a specific T cell?

A) Any epitope on an antigen.
B) Any epitope.
C) Any antigen.
D) Only a single unique epitope on an antigen.
E) Any ligand.

Question 19

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)has__________ antigen-binding sites.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) six

Question 20

Which of these best describes an antigen?

A) A receptor on an immune cell.
B) An immune receptor that binds to a ligand.
C) Any component that can be specifically bound by an immune receptor.
D) Any type of ligand.
E) Any type of immunogen.

Question 21

When does antibody diversity occur in a B cell?

A) After a mature B cell is exposed to an antigen.
B) After stimulation by TH1 cell.
C) After stimulation by TH2 cell.
D) During B cell maturation.
E) After a mature B cell processes an antigen.

Question 22

What is function of the FC region of the antibody molecule?

A) It binds the antigen.
B) It binds complement.
C) It binds specific receptors on phagocytes.
D) Options b and c are correct.
E) Options a, b, and c are all correct.

Question 23

CD4⁺ T cells can be activated by binding soluble antigen.

Question 24

Which of these could be accomplished with an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)?

A) Detection of specific antibodies in serum.
B) Separation of B cells from T cells.
C) Identification of the classes of antibodies present in serum.
D) Identification of antigens on various pathogens.
E) Agglutination of red blood cells.

Question 25

Lymph nodes are an example of primary lymphoid organs.

Question 26

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)performs all the following activities except one.Which activity does it NOT perform?

A) degranulation of basophils
B) toxin neutralization
C) opsonization
D) complement activation
E) crossing of the placenta

Question 27

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)in secretions has ______ antigen binding sites.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) six
E) eight

Question 28

What is the first antibody made in the primary immune response?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 29

Antibodies protect the host from infections by performing all of the following activities except one.Select the activity it does NOT perform.

A) antigen degradation
B) complement activation
C) agglutination
D) opsonization
E) ADCC killing of infected cells by NK cells

Question 30

The spleen is an example of a secondary lymphoid tissue.

Question 31

CD4⁺ T cells are activated through binding to specific antigen presented by the MHC II molecules on the surface of a dendritic cell.

Question 32

Which of these is the antibody secreted in the largest amount by the body?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 33

The main effector function of activated CD4⁺ T cells is the secretion of cytokines.

Question 34

Every time an antigen is encountered the immune memory response increases.

Question 35

Dendritic cells are able to activate both naïve CD4⁺ and naïve CD8⁺ T cells.

Question 36

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)has ___________ antigen binding sites.

A) two
B)four
C) six
D) eight
E) ten

Question 37

Every mature B cell is capable of producing antibodies with:

A) a single unique specificity.
B) at least a hundred specificities.
C) at least a thousand specificities.
D) at least one-hundred thousand specificities.
E) at least a million specificities.

Question 38

CD8⁺ T cells are activated through TCR-binding to a specific antigen presented by the MHC II molecules on the surface of a macrophage.

Question 39

Which antibody is involved in the initiation of anaphylactic or allergic reactions?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 40

Which of these is the major antibody present in serum?

A) IgA
B) IgD
C) IgE
D) IgG
E) IgM

Question 41

Some B cells are able to be activated by certain antigens without the help of a T-helper cell.

Question 42

Antibodies produced by a single B cell are all identical to one another.

Question 43

TH2 cells play an important role in the humoral immunity response.

Question 44

Describe the role of TH2 in antibody production.

Question 45

Describe how a CD8⁺ cell can recognize and kill a virus infected cell.

Question 46

Describe how an endogenous antigen is processed and displayed on an antigen presenting cell.

Question 47

TH1 cells play an important role in the cell-mediated immune response.

Question 48

The cytokine _________________ functions as a growth factor for T cells by promoting cell division.

Question 49

CD8⁺ T cells are activated by specifically binding to an antigen displayed on the surface of an antigen presenting cell in the major histocompatibility (MHC)marker type _______.

Question 50

Salts or oils commonly added to vaccines to enhance the immunogenicity of the vaccine antigens are called _________________.