Deck 7: Food,Soil,and Pest Management

Question 1

Overnutrition can be caused by

A) excess body fat.
B) vigorous exercise.
C) consuming too few calories.
D) all of these answers.
E) none of these answers.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Food production systems ranked in order of proportion of the world's food supplied are

A) Cropland, Rangeland, Fisheries
B) Rangeland, Cropland, Fisheries
C) Fisheries, Rangeland, Cropland
D) Cropland, Fisheries, Rangeland
E) none of these answers

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A large farm grows many acres of one crop,in this case spinach.The crop is called (a)

A) polyculture.
B) traditional agriculture.
C) monoculture.
D) intensive agriculture.
E) industrial agriculture.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Industrialized agriculture requires large inputs of all but

A) fossil fuels.
B) water.
C) human labor.
D) technology.
E) inorganic fertilizers.

Question 5

Anemia can be the result of a deficiency in

A) cobalt.
B) iodine.
C) iron.
D) calcium.
E) potassium.

Question 6

The leading cause of food insecurity in the world is

A) political upheaval.
B) failure to distribute food.
C) poverty.
D) plant parasites and herbivores destroying food before it is harvested.
E) war.

Question 7

More than enough food is produced to meet every human being's needs,but 1/6 of the population in less-developed countries goes hungry primarily because of

A) uneven food distribution.
B) not having enough meat products produced.
C) lack of nutrients contained in food.
D) not enough fish farms.
E) pests attacks on farms.

Question 8

The term overnutrition refers to people who

A) eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
B) eat balanced meals.
C) eat too many calories.
D) suffer from poor food quality.
E) eat continuously.

Question 9

Overnutrition and undernutrition lead to all of the following health issues except

A) lower life expectancy.
B) lower incomes.
C) illness and disease.
D) decreased productivity.
E) lower quality of life.

Question 10

Food production worldwide consists mainly of all but which one?

A) Fisheries
B) Rangelands
C) Wild harvests
D) Aquaculture
E) Croplands

Question 11

The term malnutrition refers to people who

A) eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
B) eat balanced meals.
C) eat too much.
D) don't eat the needed balance of nutrients.
E) eat too much protein.

Question 12

Although there is enough food production to meet the basic nutritional needs of every person on Earth today,food is not distributed equally because of differences in

A) political and economic power.
B) average per capita income.
C) corruption and war.
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers.

Question 13

All of the following are micronutrients needed for good health except

A) proteins
B) calcium
C) iron
D) vitamin C
E) B vitamins

Question 14

Food production systems ranked in order of the proportion of the world's land area used are

A) Cropland, Rangeland, Fisheries
B) Rangeland, Cropland, Fisheries
C) Fisheries, Rangeland, Cropland
D) Cropland, Fisheries, Rangeland
E) none of these answers

Question 15

All of the following are among the world's major cash crops grown on large monoculture plantations except

A) bananas
B) coffee
C) guavas
D) palm oil
E) sugar cane

Question 16

Blindness may be the result of not getting enough ___ in the diet.

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) iron
D) vitamin D
E) vitamin A

Question 17

The term undernutrition refers to people who

A) eat less than the basic minimum number of daily calories.
B) eat balanced meals.
C) eat too much.
D) suffer from poor food quality.
E) eat too many carbohydrates.

Question 18

Which of the following types of agriculture is most characteristic of developed countries?

A) plantation agriculture
B) traditional intensive agriculture
C) traditional subsistence agriculture
D) industrialized agriculture
E) sustainable agriculture

Question 19

All of the following are among the world's major food crops except

A) wheat.
B) lime.
C) soybean.
D) rice.
E) corn.

Question 20

All of the following factors contributed to major increases of U.S.food productivity since 1960 except

A) increased use of fossil fuels and water.
B) increased amount of cultivated land.
C) increased use of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers.
D) factory farming.
E) advances in technology.

Question 21

Salt buildup may do all but which of the following?

A) stunt crop growth
B) decrease yields
C) eventually kill crop plants
D) cause crops to hold too much moisture
E) increase yields

Question 22

All of the following are characteristic of traditional subsistence agriculture except

A) agroforestry.
B) polyvarietal cultivation.
C) monoculture.
D) intercropping.
E) nomadic livestock herding.

Question 23

The primary cause of land degradation worldwide is

A) construction.
B) deforestation.
C) erosion from croplands.
D) irrigation.
E) urbanization.

Question 24

Agriculture as it is currently practiced can cause

A) human illness from drinking groundwater polluted by nitrates.
B) loss of genetic diversity through habitat degradation.
C) fish kills.
D) loss of agrobiodiversity.
E) all of these answers.

Question 25

The harmful environmental effects of soil erosion include all of the following except

A) clogging of waterways with sediment.
B) loss of soil fertility.
C) fish kills.
D) desertification.
E) aquifer depletion.

Question 26

Most soil erosion is caused by

A) windstorms and rainstorms.
B) wind, water and people.
C) water, people and wild animals.
D) volcanoes.
E) earthquakes.

Question 27

The first green revolution included

A) increasing the intensity and frequency of cropping.
B) increasing the use of fertilizer and pesticides.
C) developing and planting high-yield crop varieties.
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers

Question 28

Since 1950,the majority of the increase in food production is a result of the ____ revolution.

A) red
B) blue
C) green
D) yellow
E) orange

Question 29

Waterlogging is the result of

A) desertification.
B) salination.
C) wind storms.
D) erosion.
E) a rise in the water table.

Question 30

The plants of the second green revolution

A) are dwarf varieties.
B) are fast-growing.
C) are high-yield varieties.
D) allow multiple cropping.
E) all of these answers

Question 31

Which of the following industries has the largest total annual sales in the United States?

A) Automotive
B) Housing
C) Agricultural
D) Steel
E) Lumber

Question 32

In most modern agriculture,which of the following effects is agriculture least likely to have on soil resources?

A) Replenishment of soil texture and fertility
B) Salinization
C) Waterlogging
D) Desertification
E) Loss of fertility

Question 33

Salinization is often accompanied by

A) waterlogging.
B) high pH.
C) low pH.
D) high nutrient levels.
E) crop rotation.

Question 34

Irrigation may lead to

A) increased yield.
B) decreased yield.
C) salinization.
D) waterlogging.
E) all of these answers

Question 35

Agriculture can harm the land through

A) soil erosion.
B) salinization.
C) reduction in microorganism diversity.
D) waterlogging.
E) all of these answers.

Question 36

A monoculture crop is a

A) cloned plant species.
B) large crop of a single species.
C) cultural identity of a species.
D) large farm that grows many varieties of crops.
E) crop that has been severely stricken by disease or drought.

Question 37

Genetic engineering is described by all of the following except

A) gene splicing.
B) new crops can be formed from different species.
C) evolve naturally.
D) tailored to meet human needs.
E) higher yields.

Question 38

Monoculture crops use

A) the least amount of land mass to grow the most amount of food.
B) the most land mass to grow a large variety of different kinds of commercial food.
C) the lowest amounts of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, fossil fuels and water.
D) sustainable growing techniques and integrated pest management.
E) the highest amounts of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, fossil fuels and water.

Question 39

Which of the following is characteristic of subsistence farming?

A) Human labor and draft animals
B) Monoculture
C) Feedlots to raise many animals in a small space
D) Massive amounts of fossil fuel during cultivation and harvesting
E) Industrialized agriculture

Question 40

The negative environmental effects of industrial food production include all but which one?

A) Biodiversity loss
B) Decrease in fish farms
C) Decreased human health
D) Water and air pollution
E) Decrease in the quality and quantity of soil

Question 41

Benefits of aquaculture include all but which one?

A) High yields per unit area
B) Use of small amounts of feed
C) Use of less fuel than conventional fishing methods
D) High profits
E) Allows wild fish stocks to remain intact

Question 42

A pest is any organism that

A) spreads disease.
B) interferes with human activity.
C) competes with humans.
D) is simply a nuisance.
E) all of these answers

Question 43

Organisms that are found naturally in ecosystems and that feed off of pest species are called

A) pests.
B) rodents.
C) pesticides.
D) natural enemies.
E) insects.

Question 44

Which of the following categories includes all of the others?

A) Insecticides
B) Herbicides
C) Pesticides
D) Fungicides
E) Nematocides

Question 45

The advantages of animal feedlots include all of the following except

A) increased meat production.
B) higher profits for farmers.
C) reduced overgrazing.
D) increased genetic resistance in humans.
E) reduced soil erosion and degradation.

Question 46

Cattle and dairy cows are responsible for producing around 16% of the world's annual emissions of which greenhouse gas?

A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen dioxide
C) carbon monoxide
D) chlorofluorocarbon
E) methane

Question 47

Pesticides kill

A) rodents.
B) weeds.
C) insects.
D) fungi.
E) all of these answers

Question 48

Advantages to genetically engineered crops include all but

A) loss of genetic diversity.
B) higher yields.
C) need for less water.
D) need for less fertilizer.
E) can grow in difficult conditions.

Question 49

Problems with aquaculture include all but which one?

A) Destruction of mangrove forests and estuaries.
B) Uses large amounts of feed and water.
C) Waste contamination of nearby surface water and groundwater.
D) Dense populations being prone to disease.
E) Smaller yields.

Question 50

Agricultural experts hope to increase food production by using all of the following plants except plants that

A) grow in salty soil.
B) make their own nitrogen fertilizer.
C) do not require light to produce their food.
D) are resistant to drought.
E) grow faster.

Question 51

The broad application of a general chemical on a crop field without regard to natural enemies,beneficials,and non-target organisms is (a)

A) monoapplication.
B) neem oil application.
C) pest targeting.
D) spectrum application.
E) narrow application.

Question 52

The green revolution is least likely to be limited by

A) soil erosion.
B) depletion of water supplies.
C) pests developing genetic immunity to pesticides.
D) red tides.
E) salination.

Question 53

Pesticides used to kill only a focal,target species are referred to as

A) broad spectrum.
B) insecticides.
C) natural enemies.
D) narrow spectrum.
E) persistent.

Question 54

Disadvantages to genetically engineered crops include all but

A) harm to beneficial insects.
B) loss of genetic diversity.
C) spread of genetic pollen.
D) higher yields.
E) increased insect resistance.

Question 55

Food production is unlikely to increase by increasing the amount of irrigated farmland because

A) population growth limits the amount of land set aside for agriculture.
B) groundwater pollution limits the amount of available water.
C) soil salinization and waterlogging decreases food production.
D) cost of irrigating farmland is prohibitive to most of the world's farmers.
E) all of these answers

Question 56

Problems associated with feedlots include all of the following except

A) higher water consumption.
B) increased use of energy and fossil fuels.
C) overgrazing.
D) higher waste output.
E) increased need for grain and fish feed.

Question 57

If an aphid is an example of a crop-eating pest,a lady bird beetle (lady bug)that eats the aphid is called a(n)

A) natural enemy.
B) pesticide.
C) parasite.
D) invasive species.
E) nematode.

Question 58

Problems with pesticides include all but which one?

A) Loss of natural predators such that other species become pests
B) Harm to wildlife and people
C) Spreading throughout the environment
D) They are persistent
E) Protect food supplies

Question 59

According to pesticide proponents,pesticides do all of the following except

A) protect natural enemies.
B) increase profit for farmers.
C) work faster than alternate controls.
D) increase food supplies.
E) save lives.

Question 60

All of the following statements about industrialized meat production are true except

A) Producing more meat will decrease the pressure on the world's grain supply.
B) Meat production in the U.S. produces more waste than the human population.
C) Industrialized meat production is one of the largest consumers of water.
D) Marine fisheries are stressed by the meat industry.
E) Large quantities of fossil fuels are consumed in industrialized meat production.

Question 61

Governments can influence the food supply by

A) keeping food prices artificially low.
B) giving farmers subsidies.
C) eliminating price controls.
D) encouraging an increase of food production.
E) all of these answers

Question 62

Which of the following approaches would be the least beneficial in trying to reduce insect damage?

A) Rotating crops
B) Intercropping
C) Planting monocultures
D) Planting barrier hedges around agricultural fields
E) Terracing

Question 63

Pesticide applications have threatened

A) honeybee colonies
B) predatory birds
C) fish-eating birds
D) people
E) all of these answers

Question 64

Integrated pest management is a(n)

A) chemical program.
B) ecological program.
C) biological program.
D) program that interrelates all of these answers.
E) program that has nothing to do with these answers.

Question 65

All of the following are alternatives to traditional pesticides except

A) rotating crops.
B) retard pest life cycles with hormones.
C) zapping with neutrons.
D) using insect sex attractants.
E) introducing natural enemies.

Question 66

Governments often provide assistance to farmers because farmers have little control over

A) weather.
B) crop prices.
C) crop pests.
D) disease.
E) all of these answers

Question 67

A hormone is

A) a new form of chemical insecticide waiting approval by the EPA.
B) a strong herbicide.
C) a species-specific chemical sex attractant.
D) a chemical that travels in the circulatory system and controls an organism's growth and development.
E) a safe, natural pesticide.

Question 68

Scientists are urging the USDA to promote integrated pest management (IPM)in the U.S. The suggested strategy includes

A) sales tax on pesticides.
B) IPM research.
C) IPM model farms in each U.S. county.
D) USDA personnel trained in IPM to assist farmers.
E) all of these answers.

Question 69

IPM (integrated pest management)is becoming widespread as a way to control pests.This method

A) first uses chemical controls to maximize yields.
B) has been shown not to be effective in commercial agriculture.
C) first uses cultivation such as intercropping, then uses biological controls, then chemical controls in hard hit areas.
D) uses a mixture of several modern pesticides applied at one time.
E) first uses chemical controls, then biological controls and then cultivation.

Question 70

Switching to integrated pest management is

A) hard to do because it requires a break from tradition.
B) strongly opposed by politically and economically powerful agricultural chemical companies.
C) difficult because farmers need to be educated about its use.
D) all of these answers
E) none of these answers

Question 71

Integrated pest management ____ than pesticides.

A) is more labor intensive
B) is faster acting
C) requires more fertilizer and irrigation
D) is less environmentally sound
E) is easier to use

Question 72

Which of the following statements is false?

A) The goal of integrated pest control is total eradication of the pest.
B) Integrated pest management is a multidimensional control program.
C) Integrated pest management involves much sampling to keep up with the pest population.
D) In integrated pest management, small amounts of pesticides are used at critical times to control pest populations.
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 73

Which of the following statements is false? Application of animal manure

A) improves soil structure.
B) stimulates the growth of soil bacteria and fungi.
C) has increased since farms have specialized in animal- or crop-farming operations.
D) has decreased with increased mechanization.
E) is a type of organic fertilization.

Question 74

The scientist responsible for alerting the public and scientific community to the threats of pesticides is

A) Rhonda Stavinski.
B) Rachel Carson.
C) Helen Keller.
D) Linda Applebaum.
E) Tracy Lee.

Question 75

Which of the following would be used to kill weeds?

A) Herbicides
B) Rodenticides
C) Fungicides
D) Insecticides
E) Nematocides

Question 76

A United States corporation manufactures a pesticide that is banned for use in the USA.The corporation markets the pesticide overseas,where it is applied to tropical produce.The tropical produce is imported into the USA for consumption by consumers such as you.This process is called

A) circle of poison.
B) subsidy.
C) IPM.
D) bioaccumulation.
E) chemical disruption.

Question 77

Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?

A) Green manure
B) Sewage sludge
C) Compost
D) Animal manure
E) None of these answers

Question 78

A pheromone is

A) a new form of chemical insecticide waiting approval by the EPA.
B) a strong herbicide.
C) a species-specific chemical sex attractant.
D) a chemical that travels in the bloodstream and controls an organism's growth and development.
E) a safe, natural pesticide.

Question 79

Pesticides that do not reach target pests are least likely to end up in

A) the soil.
B) the asthenosphere.
C) surface water and groundwater.
D) nontarget organisms.
E) people.

Question 80

The conversion of grazing land and marginal land to agriculture would result in

A) increased erosion.
B) decreased biodiversity.
C) tremendous capital costs.
D) poor soil fertility.
E) all of these answers