Deck 19: Lifes

Question 1

Funerals are tied to religious custom and cultural tradition.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Today, only a small minority of Americans die in their own homes.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Most hospice care is provided in a hospital setting.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

To support people who are dying, it is a good practice to minimize the dying person's emotional pain by changing the subject.

Question 5

Adolescents' recognition that the concept of death applies to them results in a steep decrease in risk-taking behaviors.

Question 6

There is typically a fixed period of time for which grief should last.

Question 7

In contrast to hospitals, hospices provide the patient and family with as much control over decision making as possible.

Question 8

Research shows that individuals behave in dying more or less as they behaved during earlier periods when they experienced stress, failure, and threat.

Question 9

The concept of surviving death renders death more frightening to many children.

Question 10

The stage theory of grief is inapplicable to hospital staffs' responses to the death of an inpatient.

Question 11

The withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment is a form of voluntary active euthanasia.

Question 12

Death is the irreversible cessation of vital life functions.

Question 13

The final acceptance stage of dying as described by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross is characterized by denial, depression, and anger.

Question 14

Experiences such as attending funerals challenge an adolescent's sense of immortality that is connected with the personal fable.

Question 15

In active euthanasia, death is hastened by means of withholding potentially life-saving treatments.

Question 16

The primary function of hospitals is to help prepare patients and their families for death.

Question 17

A person's philosophy of life and prior experiences with crises affect his or her adjustment to the end stage of life.

Question 18

Voluntary active euthanasia is legal throughout most of the United States.

Question 19

Involuntary active euthanasia is the intentional administration of lethal drugs or other means of producing a painless death without the person's informed consent.

Question 20

Many people at most ages assume, or are encouraged to assume, a form of spiritual reversibility in their thinking about death.

Question 21

Which of the following accurately defines the term whole brain death?

A) It is absence of activity of the cerebral cortex alone.
B) It is the cessation of activity of the cerebral cortex and brain stem.
C) It is the end stage of life in which bodily processes decline, leading to death.
D) It is the irreversible cessation of vital life functions.

Question 22

According to Kübler-Ross's stages of dying, which of the following stages is most likely characterized by a person thinking that his or her diagnosis is wrong?

A) Bargaining
B) Denial
C) Depression
D) Acceptance

Question 23

Patients in _____ often face death alone, cut off from their usual supports.

A) old-age homes
B) hospices
C) hospitals
D) ancestral homes

Question 24

Ria is a patient diagnosed with an advanced stage of leukemia. If she is in the first stage of dying as suggested by Kübler-Ross, which of the following is likely to be Ria's reaction to her diagnosis?

A) She is likely to blame her doctor for not doing enough to cure her.
B) She is likely to dismiss her diagnosis as a mistake.
C) She is likely to be in a state of depression.
D) She is likely to have come to terms with her diagnosis.

Question 25

Which of the following best describes a hospice?

A) It is an organization whose sole aim is to provide support to people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
B) It is an organization that treats dying patients by focusing on palliative care rather than curative treatment.
C) It is an organization that functions to cure people of their diseases and save their lives.
D) It is an organization that offers geriatric care to patients, except for those who are diagnosed with terminal illnesses.

Question 26

Which of the following reactions by dying patients exemplifies the stage of denial as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

A) "It can't be me."
B) "This is so unfair, why me?"
C) "They could have treated it had they caught it earlier."
D) "It's hopeless."

Question 27

Which of the following is the last stage of dying as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

A) Final acceptance
B) Separation distress
C) Bargaining
D) Anger

Question 28

According to the stages of dying as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following stages is characterized by a person negotiating with God to postpone death?

A) Anger
B) Bargaining
C) Denial
D) Final acceptance

Question 29

A person who is declared brain dead:

A) is unlikely to exhibit any vital life functions.
B) can continue to breathe.
C) can show normal activity in the cerebral cortex.
D) is likely to be conscious.

Question 30

Identify a critique of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's hypothesis of the five stages of dying.

A) Kübler-Ross's stages are limited to cases in which people receive a diagnosis of a terminal illness.
B) Her hypothesis did not hold true for people who died of illnesses such as cancer, AIDS, or renal failure.
C) Kübler-Ross's stages are limited to cases in which people die because of advanced years and no specific illness.
D) Her hypotheses did not hold true for people who died under the long-term care of hospice workers.

Question 31

Which of the following reactions by dying patients exemplifies the stage of anger as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?

A) "It can't be me!"
B) "The diagnosis must be wrong."
C) "This is so unfair, why me!"
D) "Life is hopeless."

Question 32

According to the stages of dying as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following stages is characterized by the feelings of grief, loss, and hopelessness?

A) Anger
B) Bargaining
C) Denial
D) Depression

Question 33

According to the stages of dying as hypothesized by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following stages is characterized by a sense of peace and dignity?

A) Brain death
B) Bargaining
C) Denial
D) Final acceptance

Question 34

The stages of dying as proposed by Kübler-Ross are limited to:

A) people diagnosed with Huntington's disease.
B) people diagnosed with terminal illnesses.
C) sudden death caused by accidents.
D) depressed adults who commit suicide.

Question 35

The most widely used criteria for establishing brain death include absence of activity of the _____.

A) cerebral cortex
B) cerebellum
C) brainstem
D) medulla oblongata

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true in the context of hospices?

A) Hospices focus on treating diseases and disabilities of patients.
B) Hospice care tends to be less expensive than hospital treatment.
C) Hospices offer little control to patients and their families with respect to decision making.
D) Hospice care emphasizes length rather than quality of patients' life.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is likely to be true if there is no activity in the cerebral cortex of an individual?

A) The psychological functioning of the individual would remain intact.
B) There would be little possibility of the individual being brain dead.
C) The individual's sense of self would remain unaffected.
D) The consciousness of the individual would cease.

Question 38

Mike is a terminally ill patient who stays at home rather than in a hospital. His treatment focuses on the reduction of pain and suffering since any medical treatment would be of little help. This scenario demonstrates:

A) terminal sedation.
B) physician-assisted suicide.
C) palliative care.
D) active euthanasia.

Question 39

Edward has just been diagnosed with an advanced stage of cancer. If Edward is in the first stage of dying as suggested by Kübler-Ross, which of the following is likely to be his reaction to his diagnosis?

A) He is likely to be in a state of depression.
B) He is likely to have come to terms with his diagnosis.
C) He is likely to blame his physician for not doing enough to cure him.
D) He is likely to dismiss his diagnosis as a mistake.

Question 40

The _____ is responsible for certain automatic functions, such as reflexes like breathing.

A) cerebellum
B) brain stem
C) hindbrain
D) frontal lobe

Question 41

Which of the following statements best reflects adolescents' perspectives on death?

A) They are beyond creating unrealistic theories as to how some form of life might survive after death.
B) They are less likely than young children to attend funerals, including funerals with open caskets.
C) They speak of death in terms of concepts such as light and darkness.
D) They fail to associate the concept of death with themselves.

Question 42

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in early adulthood?

A) Cancer
B) Heart disease
C) Homicide
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true of passive euthanasia?

A) It is illegal throughout the United States.
B) It is legal if performed in accordance with the wishes of patients.
C) It is not carried out to hasten the death of patients.
D) It is the sedation of terminally ill patients to reduce pain.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true with respect to young children's perspectives on death?

A) Most young children have the cognitive ability to understand the permanent nature of death.
B) Children, by nature, are quick to adapt to the absence of loved ones and tend to move on with their lives after the loss of a parent.
C) When children learn about death, it is considered abnormal for them to fear it.
D) Children's understanding of death is increased as they learn how various organs of the body contribute to the processes of life.

Question 45

A doctor who fails to resuscitate a terminally ill patient who stops breathing, thereby following the wishes expressed in the patient's living will is initiating _____.

A) passive euthanasia
B) terminal sedation
C) involuntary active euthanasia
D) voluntary active euthanasia

Question 46

Which of the following is the purpose of Death with Dignity Acts enacted in specific states of the United States?

A) They enable terminally ill patients to ask physicians to prescribe lethal doses of medication.
B) They make the practice of euthanasia illegal in case of terminal illnesses.
C) They regulate the practice of passive euthanasia.
D) They prohibit the practice of terminal sedation.

Question 47

Identify a statement which best reflects adolescents' perspectives on death.

A) They are beyond constructing magical, spiritual, or pseudoscientific theories as to how some form of life or thought might survive.
B) They are least likely to attend funerals, including funerals with open caskets.
C) They speak of death in terms of cartoon characters that die and come back to life again.
D) They continue to engage in riskier behavior than adults do even after recognizing that the concept of death applies to them.

Question 48

Which of the following is an alternative term that is used to refer to euthanasia?

A) Palliative care
B) Sedation
C) Suicide
D) Mercy killing

Question 49

Which of the following is an alternative to euthanasia that is supposedly not intended to hasten the death of terminally ill patients in distress?

A) Involuntary active euthanasia
B) Physician-assisted suicide
C) Passive euthanasia
D) Terminal sedation

Question 50

Vincent is in the final stage of lung cancer and is in a great deal of pain. He requests his physicians to put an end to his suffering by allowing him to die. After completing the required legal formalities, Vincent's wife administers a drug to end his life. This scenario illustrates _____.

A) temporary sedation
B) voluntary active euthanasia
C) passive euthanasia
D) physician-assisted suicide

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true of terminal sedation?

A) It is carried out by means of withholding potentially life-saving treatments from patients.
B) It is the equivalent of passive euthanasia.
C) It is carried out to relieve the distress of critically ill patients in their last days.
D) It is considered homicide in the eyes of the law.

Question 52

Which of the following defines passive euthanasia?

A) It is the purposeful taking of a person's life through gentle or painless means to relieve pain or suffering.
B) It is a form of treatment focused on the cure of diseases rather than the alleviation of pain and suffering.
C) It is the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment to hasten death.
D) It is the unintentional administering of lethal drugs that results in the death of terminally ill patients.

Question 53

Unlike hospitals, hospices:

A) consider the entire family to be the unit of care.
B) focus on curative treatment rather than palliative care.
C) tend to be highly expensive.
D) function to save lives of patients.

Question 54

In the context of helping a child cope with the loss of a loved person, which of the following statements is true?

A) The bereaved child should attend the funeral under every circumstance.
B) Visiting the grave site at another time will not help the bereaved child come to terms with the loss.
C) Professionals suggest the use of euphemisms that deny the reality of death the children face.
D) An alternate form of service may be more appropriate for them than attending a funeral.

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of living wills?

A) Living wills only take effect if people are unable to speak for themselves.
B) There is no legal basis in the United States for carrying out any form of euthanasia based on living wills.
C) Physicians are more likely to follow general guidelines than specific instructions in living wills.
D) Living wills need not be drafted in accordance with state laws.

Question 56

A living will is a legal document that people usually draft before their terminal illness. It instructs physicians:

A) to not carry out either involuntary active euthanasia or passive euthanasia if they are disabled or incapacitated.
B) to administer a drug and assist in the patient's suicide.
C) to resort to passive euthanasia if they become permanently incapacitated and cannot communicate their wishes.
D) to not withhold life-supporting treatment if they are in a vegetative state.

Question 57

The withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment is a form of _____.

A) terminal sedation
B) voluntary active euthanasia
C) passive euthanasia
D) involuntary active euthanasia

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of involuntary active euthanasia?

A) It is carried out with the consent of a patient.
B) It is the unintentional administration of drugs that results in the hastening of death.
C) It is carried out in response to the directions given in a patient's living will.
D) It is considered homicide in the eyes of law.

Question 59

Many people at most ages assume, or are encouraged to assume, a _____ in their thinking about death.

A) pessimistic approach
B) medically-induced reversibility
C) form of spiritual reversibility
D) Piagetian route

Question 60

Beth is a cancer patient who has only a few days to live. She is in a constant state of stupor induced by a tranquilizer. With Beth's consent, she is intravenously administered with the continuous infusion of a tranquilizer that relieves her from suffering in her last days. This scenario best demonstrates the practice of _____.

A) passive euthanasia
B) terminal sedation
C) mercy killing
D) involuntary active euthanasia

Question 61

In the case of older, retired adults, continuing with physical, leisure, and informal social activities are all associated with:

A) greater life satisfaction.
B) lower ego differentiation.
C) an acceleration in the effects of aging.
D) a low self-esteem.

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true with respect to grief?

A) There is usually a fixed period of time for which grief should last.
B) Grief usually tends to increase over time.
C) Young children and adolescents are unlikely to experience grief.
D) Different cultures prescribe different rituals for expressing grief.

Question 63

Who among the following is most likely to have achieved ego transcendence?

A) Joanna, a divorcee, who is an alcoholic and does not care about her health
B) Melissa, a terminal cancer patient, who is in denial of her impending death
C) Sadie, a philanthropist, who volunteers for the cause of organ donation
D) Kylie, a management graduate, who is busy with her corporate ambitions

Question 64

Which of the following best explains the process of cremation?

A) Treating a dead body with chemicals in order to preserve it
B) Expressing grief through community meetings and gatherings
C) Reducing a dead body to ashes, by burning, as a funeral rite
D) Burying a dead body in the ground at a prearranged spot

Question 65

After their homes, automobiles, and children's educations, which of the following is likely to be American families' next largest expense?

A) Funerals
B) Picnics
C) Graduation ceremonies
D) Sport outings

Question 66

Who among the following is required to examine a dead body and determine the cause of death that is not readily established?

A) A funeral director
B) A coroner
C) A mortician
D) A family doctor

Question 67

Which of the following accurately defines mourning?

A) It describes customary methods of expressing grief.
B) It refers to the inability to bounce back after bereavement.
C) It focuses on the acceptance of one's mortality.
D) It refers to the denial of a loss of a loved one.

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true in the context of funerals?

A) Funerals provide an organized way of responding to death.
B) Funeral arrangements in the United States are typically inexpensive.
C) Caskets are often a minor burial expense among funeral arrangements.
D) Funerals signify the end of bereavement of a deceased's family.

Question 69

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in middle adulthood?

A) Accident
B) Suicide
C) Cancer
D) Homicide

Question 70

Which of the following is a leading cause of death in late adulthood?

A) Homicide
B) Heart disease
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Suicide

Question 71

When a person dies, a doctor needs to be called in to:

A) issue the death certificate.
B) perform an autopsy.
C) remove the body from the place of death.
D) make funeral arrangements.

Question 72

Which of the following is a contribution of John Bowlby in the context of human development?

A) He proposed the stages of dying commonly experienced by terminally ill patients.
B) He modified Jacobs' theory of grief based on personal anecdotes.
C) He proposed a stage theory of grief for coping with bereavement.
D) He suggested three developmental tasks in late adulthood based on Erikson's psychosocial theory.

Question 73

While making funeral arrangements for a departed loved one, one should make decisions based on:

A) fashion and style.
B) reason and good sense.
C) the latest trends in funerals.
D) emotions and guilt.

Question 74

Who among the following is most likely to have achieved ego transcendence?

A) Arthur, a couch potato, who spends his days surfing television channels
B) Benito, a retiree, who volunteers at orphanages and shelters for the homeless
C) Russell, an avid photographer, who travels the world in search of scenic locations
D) Kent, a young chef, who is saving up to open his own delicatessen

Question 75

In the context of a person's death, an autopsy may be performed:

A) if the death resulted from a genetic disorder.
B) in case the person died of a chronic disease.
C) if foul play is involved or suspected.
D) for the issue of the death certificate.

Question 76

Identify a true statement about grief.

A) Adolescents do not experience grief over the loss of a loved one.
B) Grief can compromise the immune system.
C) Grief can realistically last only for six months.
D) Grief is a disenfranchised emotion for most people.

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true of John Bowlby's stage theory of grief?

A) It includes the possible reactions of adults when dealing with diagnoses of terminal illnesses.
B) It suggests tasks for older adults to help them achieve ego integrity.
C) It includes four stages that explain how individuals cope with bereavement.
D) It suggests ways to successfully adapt oneself to age-related physical and cognitive changes.

Question 78

Which of the following is true of grief?

A) It can bring on a heightened awareness of one's own mortality.
B) Grief is a singular emotion, characterized by numbness.
C) It sends the immune systems of the bereaved people into overdrive.
D) It leaves the mourning people immune to certain types of disease.

Question 79

In Amit's family, it is a custom for widows to wear white for the rest of their lives as an expression of grief and as a mark of loyalty to their deceased husband. Which of the following does this scenario demonstrate?

A) Mourning
B) Body transcendence
C) Denial
D) Ego transcendence

Question 80

Which of the following best explains the process of embalming?

A) It refers to treating a dead body with chemicals in order to preserve it.
B) It refers to expressing grief through customary rites and rituals.
C) It refers to reducing a dead body to ashes, by burning, usually as a funeral rite.
D) It refers to overcoming bereavement with the help of various rituals.