Deck 6: The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

Question 1

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

A)periosteum
B)distal epiphysis
C)nutrient foramen
D)articular cartilage
E)epiphyseal plate

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is FALSE?

A)It occurs throughout your lifetime.
B)It involves bone resorption.
C)It involves bone deposition.
D)It occurs at different rates at different locations.
E)It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

These are considered bone-dissolving cells.

A)osteogenic cells
B)osteoclast
C)osteocytes
D)osteoblasts
E)all of these choices

Answer 3

B

Question 4

These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.

A)Volkmann's canals
B)haversian canals
C)osteons
D)canaliculi
E)periosteum

Question 5

One function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides.

A)diaphysis
B)epiphysis
C)metaphysis
D)periosteum
E)marrow

Question 6

Briefly describe the steps in bone resorption.

Question 7

These are considered bone-building cells.

A)fibroblasts
B)osteoclasts
C)osteocytes
D)osteoblasts
E)all of these choices

Question 8

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

A)diaphysis
B)epiphysis
C)metaphysis
D)periosteum
E)dmarrow

Question 9

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis?

A)calcified cartilage,resting cartilage,proliferating cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage
B)resting cartilage,proliferating cartilage,calcified cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage
C)proliferating cartilage,resting cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage,calcified cartilage
D)resting cartilage,proliferating cartilage,hypertrophic cartilage,calcified cartilage
E)hypertrophic cartilage,calcified cartilage,proliferating cartilage,resting cartilage

Question 10

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

A)periosteum
B)distal epiphysis
C)nutrient foramen
D)articular cartilage
E)epiphyseal plate

Question 11

Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?

A)haversian canals
B)Volkmann's canals
C)concentric lamellae
D)lacunae
E)canaliculi

Question 12

Which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing?

A)calcium and chlorine
B)magnesium and sulfur
C)calcium and phosphorous
D)manganese and sulfur
E)potassium and phosphorous

Question 13

Briefly describe the steps in bone deposition.

Question 14

Which of following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

A)osteogenic cells,osteoclasts,osteocytes
B)osteogenic cells,osteoblasts,osteocytes
C)osteogenic cells,osteocytes,osteoblasts
D)osteoblasts,osteogenic cells,osteocytes
E)None of these choices.

Question 15

The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is

A)4% per year.
B)15% per year.
C)20% per year.
D)25% per year.
E)extremely difficult to measure.

Question 16

This is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.

A)epiphyseal plate
B)epiphyseal line
C)metaphysis
D)diaphyseal line
E)diaphyseal plate

Question 17

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned

A)horizontal to the metaphysis.
B)parallel to the epiphysis.
C)parallel to the length of the diaphysis.
D)randomly between the epiphyseal plates.
E)parallel to the perforating canals.

Question 18

This is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone.

A)periosteum
B)endosteum
C)marrow
D)epiphysis
E)metaphysis

Question 19

This is the shaft of a long bone.

A)diaphysis
B)epiphysis
C)metaphysis
D)periosteum
E)marrow

Question 20

During adulthood,which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

A)parathyroid hormones
B)vitamin D
C)epinephrine
D)sex steroids
E)human growth hormone

Question 21

In the diagram,where is the haversian canal?

A)C
B)A
C)E
D)F
E)D

Question 22

Describe the signs and symptoms of osteoporosis and describe the risk factors for developing osteoporosis.

Question 23

Which bone cell in the diagram below is a mature bone cell that helps maintain bone tissue?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 24

Describe the steps in bone repair.

Question 25

Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteogenic cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 26

Patient X has a tumor of the parathyroid glands that causes a hypersecretion of PTH from these glands.Predict the effect this hypersecretion would have on the skeletal system and on the secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid gland.

Question 27

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

A)rib
B)clavicle
C)humerus
D)ulna
E)tibia

Question 28

Where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow in an adult?

A)D
B)A and B
C)A and C
D)C
E)E

Question 29

In the diagram,where is the Volkmann's canal?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)F

Question 30

Briefly describe the processes by which bone increases in length and diameter.

Question 31

What structure in the diagram is the only place on a long bone NOT covered by the periosteum?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 32

What type of bone cell starts forming the bone matrix?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 33

Where in the diagram is the metaphysis?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 34

An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

A)calcitriol and parathyroid hormone
B)calcitonin and calcitriol
C)human growth hormone and parathyroid hormone
D)parathyroid hormone and insulin
E)All of the other selections are correct.

Question 35

In which region of the diagram would you find the medullary cavity?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 36

Which bone cell in the diagram below is an osteoclast?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 37

An archeologist and an anthropologist are studying two skeletons from an ancient tomb that had apparently been looted in an earlier time.Both skeletons are females and both are approximately the same height.However,the anthropologist is absolutely certain that one skeleton is the remains of someone from the privileged class while the other skeleton is the remains of a servant or slave.?How could the anthropologist be so sure of the economic status of the individuals based solely on their skeletal remains?

Question 38

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

A)calcitriol
B)calcitonin
C)human growth hormone
D)parathyroid hormone
E)insulin

Question 39

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.

A)open
B)comminuted
C)impacted
D)greenstick
E)stress

Question 40

Where in the diagram is the distal epiphysis?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 41

In the diagram,where is the nutrient artery?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 42

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram are concentric lamellae?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 43

In the diagram,this zone contains mostly dead chondrocytes surrounded by a calcified matrix.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 44

Where in the diagram is articular cartilage located?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 45

Where in the diagram is the proximal epiphysis?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 46

In the diagram,where is the trabeculae?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 47

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during bone rebuilding or growth?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 48

In the diagram,where is the epiphyseal vein?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

In the diagram,where is the osteon?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 50

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are composed of trabeculae,which are bony structures that lack osteons?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 51

Where in the diagram is the endosteum located?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 52

Briefly describe what is happening in each step of fracture repair shown in the diagram.

Question 53

In the diagram,which of the following vessels directly serve the periosteum?

A)A and B
B)B and C
C)C and D
D)D and E
E)E and F

Question 54

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram consists of thick bundles of collagen fibers that extend into the extracellular bone matrix?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 55

Briefly describe what is happening in each of the numbered stages of intramembranous ossification as observed in a child's skull shown in the diagram below.

Question 56

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is formed as the result of cartilage being replaced by bone after the cessation of bone growth?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 57

In the diagram,where is the zone of resting cartilage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 58

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram stores triglycerides in adult bones?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)F
E)G

Question 59

In the diagram,where is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 60

Which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 61

Briefly,explain how blood calcium level is regulated.

Question 62

Which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 63

List and briefly describe the six main functions of the skeletal system.

Question 64

Which labeled structure in the figure is an osteocyte?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 65

Which labeled structure in the figure is an osteoclast?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 66

Which labeled structures in the figure are canaliculi?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 67

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are circumferential lamellae?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 68

Which of the following conditions results when the articular cartilages in a joint degenerate to the point where the bony ends of articulating bones touch?

A)osteogenic sarcoma
B)rickets
C)osteomalacia
D)osteoarthritis
E)osteopenia

Question 69

Which of the following conditions is a cancer affecting osteoblasts?

A)osteogenic sarcoma
B)rickets
C)osteomalacia
D)osteoarthritis
E)osteopenia

Question 70

Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a Colles' fracture?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 71

Where in the figure is the periosteum located?

A)A
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 72

Osteomalacia is a disease in which inadequate calcification of the bone matrix results in bones becoming "soft" or rubbery to the point that they become very fragile and fracture easily.Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones would produce similar changes in bone?

A)calcitonin
B)calcitriol
C)PTH
D)growth Hormone
E)epinephrine

Question 73

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram are perforating (Sharpey's)fibers?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)G

Question 74

Which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during bone remodeling fails to calcify?

A)osteogenic sarcoma
B)osteoporosis
C)osteomalacia
D)osteoarthritis
E)osteopenia

Question 75

Which labeled structure in the figure is a lacuna?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 76

Where in the figure is spongy bone located?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 77

Which of the following conditions is characterized by reduced bone mass due to a decreased rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone resorption?

A)osteogenic sarcoma
B)osteomyelitis
C)osteophytes
D)osteoarthritis
E)osteopenia

Question 78

Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows an impacted fracture where one end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other end?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 79

Hypersecretion of human growth hormone during childhood results in

A)giantism.
B)acromegaly.
C)dwarfism.
D)rickets.
E)Nothing will happen.

Question 80

Which illustration and radiograph in the figure shows a Pott's fracture?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E