Deck 12: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?

A)Leakage channel
B)Voltage-gated channel
C)Ligand-gated channel
D)Mechanically gated channel
E)Ion-gated channel

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into

A)somatic and sympathetic divisions.
B)somatic and parasympathetic divisions.
C)enteric and somatic divisions.
D)sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
E)voluntary and involuntary divisions.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

During this period,a second action potential can only be initiated by a larger than normal stimulus

A)Latent period
B)Absolute refractory period
C)Relative refractory period
D)All of these choices
E)None of these choices

Answer 3

C

Question 4

This type of nervous tissue contains neuronal cell bodies,dendrites,unmyelinated axons,axon terminals,and neuroglial cells.

A)Gray matter
B)White matter
C)Nissl bodies
D)Ganglia
E)Nuclei

Question 5

The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from:

A)+5 to 100 mV
B)-25 to -70 mV
C)-40 to -90 mV
D)-90 to 5 mV
E)None of these choices

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A)Sensory function
B)Integrative function
C)Motor function
D)All are functions of the nervous system

Question 7

A depolarizing graded potential

A)makes the membrane more polarized.
B)makes the membrane less polarized.
C)is considered a type of action potential.
D)is the last part of an action potential.
E)is seen when the cell approaches threshold.

Question 8

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

A)ligand-gated Ca⁺² channels close rapidly.
B)voltage-gated Ca⁺² channels open rapidly.
C)ligand-gated Na⁺ channels close rapidly.
D)voltage-gated Na⁺ channels open rapidly.
E)none of these choices occur.

Question 9

Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase is considered to be an electrogenic pump because

A)it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential.
B)the sodium ions are negatively charged.
C)it exhibits low permeability.
D)both it contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential and the sodium ions are negatively charged.
E)all of these choices

Question 10

With respect to neurons,the term "nerve fiber" refers to

A)an axon.
B)a dendrite
C)a Nissl body.
D)both axons and dendrites.
E)all of these choices

Question 11

During the resting state of a voltage-gated Na⁺ channel,?1.the inactivation gate is open.?2.the activation gate is closed.?3.the channel is permeable to Na⁺.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)both 1 and 2 are true.
E)all of these choices are true.

Question 12

Which of following organelles is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons?

A)mitochondria
B)nucleus
C)Nissl body
D)Golgi apparatus
E)nucleolus

Question 13

Which of the following are divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A)Somatic nervous system
B)Autonomic nervous system
C)Enteric nervous system
D)All of these choices

Question 14

The nervous system can distinguish between a light touch and a heavier touch by

A)saltatory conduction.
B)continuous conduction of graded potentials.
C)changing the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers.
D)propagation action potential in both directions.
E)modifying the length of the refractory period.

Question 15

Which of the following types of cells display the property of electrical excitability?

A)Muscle cells
B)Neurons
C)All of these choices
D)None of these choices

Question 16

This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body.

A)Multipolar neuron
B)Bipolar neuron
C)Unipolar neuron
D)Purkinje cell
E)Renshaw cell

Question 17

Schwann's cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system

A)when neurons are injured.
B)during fetal development.
C)after birth.
D)only in response to electrical stimulation by neuroglial cells.
E)during the early onset of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 18

Which type of axons has the largest diameter?

A)A fibers
B)B fibers
C)C fibers
D)A and B fibers
E)B and C fibers

Question 19

A polarized cell

A)has a charge imbalance across its membrane.
B)includes most cells of the body.
C)exhibits a membrane potential.
D)includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Saltatory conduction

A)can occur in unmyelinated axons
B)happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels
C)encodes only action potentials that are initiated in response to pain.
D)occurs in unmyelinated axons and happens due to even distribution of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels
E)occurs only in myelinated axons

Question 21

A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

A)EPSPs
B)water-filled channels in its membrane
C)IPSPs
D)either EPSPs or IPSPs
E)All the choices are correct

Question 22

What factors limit neurogenesis in the CNS of adults?

Question 23

Plasticity means

A)ability to regenerate after being damaged.
B)sending a signal through a converging circuit.
C)signal transmission at a synapse.
D)ability to change based on experience.
E)ability to stretch and recoil without damage.

Question 24

This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and Nissl bodies.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)Both A and B

Question 25

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

A)chemical synapses
B)electrical synapses
C)ligand-gated channels
D)voltage-gated channels
E)mechanically-gated channels

Question 26

List the three major factors that contribute to the creation of the resting membrane potential in excitable cells.

Question 27

In the diagram,where is the axon collateral?

A)C
B)D
C)F
D)H
E)I

Question 28

Which part of the diagram is considered nerve fiber?

A)A
B)D
C)I
D)Both A and D
E)All of these choices make up the nerve fiber

Question 29

In the diagram,where are axon terminals?

A)F
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)None of these choices

Question 30

IPSP stands for

A)inhibitory presynaptic summation potential
B)inhibitory postsynaptic summation potential
C)inhibitory postsynaptic potential
D)inhibitory presynaptic potential.
E)none of these choices

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT considered a small molecule neurotransmitter?

A)Acetylcholine
B)Biogenic amines
C)Purines
D)Endorphins
E)Serotonin

Question 32

This type of neural circuit consists of a single presynaptic neuron synapsing with several postsynaptic neurons.

A)Diverging circuit
B)Converging circuit
C)Reverberating circuit
D)Parallel after-discharge circuit
E)Normal circuit

Question 33

When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold,creation of action potentials occurs

A)in the synaptic cleft.
B)in the dendrites.
C)at the trigger zone.
D)in the neuron nucleus.
E)in the neuroplasm.

Question 34

An excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane.

A)depolarizes
B)repolarizes
C)hyperpolarizes
D)does not affect the polarity of
E)moves across channels in

Question 35

Diffusion,enzymatic degradation,and uptake by cells are all ways to

A)remove a neurotransmitter
B)stop a spatial summation
C)continue a temporal summation
D)inhibit a presynaptic potential
E)excite a presynaptic potential

Question 36

Briefly describe the events that occur during the depolarizing phase of an action potential.

Question 37

Which of the following terms is used to describe a type of synapse?

A)Axodendritic
B)Axosomatic
C)Axoaxonic
D)None of these choices
E)All of these choices

Question 38

Describe four ways drugs can modify the effects of neurotransmitters.

Question 39

This part of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann's cell that has formed a myelin sheath around the axon.

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 40

List the three ways that neurotransmitters can be removed from a synapse.

Question 41

Which type of circuit is used to lengthen the output signal in physiological processes like regulation of the breathing pattern??]

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 42

In the CNS,this structure is produced by oligodendrocytes.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 43

Which of the neurons is called a Meissner corpuscle or a corpuscle of touch?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)Both A and D

Question 44

Which of the neurons is a touch receptor known as a Merkel disc?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 45

In the diagram,where is a node of Ranvier?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 46

Which of these types of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 47

Which of the following structures is labeled D in the diagram?

A)axon terminal
B)trigger zone
C)cell body
D)peripheral process
E)dendrites

Question 48

In the diagram,the neuroglial cell that forms the myelin sheath around the axon is labeled

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 49

Which of the neurons is considered to be a bipolar neuron?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)All of the neurons.
E)None of the neurons.

Question 50

Which of the following structures is labeled B in the diagram?

A)axon terminal
B)trigger zone
C)cell body
D)peripheral process
E)dendrites

Question 51

Which of the following structures is labeled C in the diagram?

A)axon terminal
B)trigger zone
C)cell body
D)peripheral process
E)dendrites

Question 52

Which type of circuit is involved in solving mathematical problems?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 53

What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled A?

A)bipolar neuron
B)multipolar neuron
C)unipolar neuron
D)nonpolar neuron
E)pseudounipolar

Question 54

Which of the channels shown in the figure opens and closes randomly?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)All of these choices

Question 55

Which diagram represents a reverberating circuit?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 56

What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled B?

A)bipolar neuron
B)multipolar neuron
C)unipolar neuron
D)nonpolar neuron
E)pseudounipolar

Question 57

Which of the diagrams in the figure represents a ligand-gated channel?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 58

This structure electrically insulates the axon of a neuron to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 59

Which of the following structures is labeled A in the diagram?

A)axon terminal
B)trigger zone
C)cell body
D)peripheral process
E)dendrites

Question 60

Which of the types of circuits is commonly used to send sensory signals to multiple areas of the brain?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 61

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 62

Which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord?

A)bipolar neuron
B)multipolar neuron
C)unipolar neuron
D)nonpolar neuron
E)pseudounipolar

Question 63

Which of the labeled cells in the figure is NOT a neuroglial cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 64

What specific type of unipolar neuron is shown in the diagram labeled C?

A)Merkel disc
B)Meissner corpuscle
C)Pacinian corpuscle
D)nociceptor
E)Purkinje cell

Question 65

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 66

Wallerian degeneration refers to

A)degeneration of the proximal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury.
B)degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury.
C)break of Nissl bodies after neural injury.
D)plasticity of neuron.
E)none of these choices

Question 67

Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to touch,pressure,vibration,or tissue stretching and is found in the auditory receptors of the ear,and in touch and pressure receptors in the skin.

A)leakage channel
B)ligand-gated channels
C)mechanically gated channels
D)voltage-gated channels
E)temperature-sensitive channel

Question 68

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that is located mainly in white matter and helps maintain the appropriate chemical environment for generation of nerve impulses?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 69

Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to chemical binding and is found in dendrites of some sensory receptors like pain receptors,and in the dendrites and cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons.

A)leakage channel
B)ligand-gated channels
C)mechanically gated channels
D)voltage-gated channels
E)pressure-sensitive channel

Question 70

Which of the following structures is labeled E in the diagram?

A)axon terminal
B)trigger zone
C)cell body
D)axon
E)dendrites

Question 71

Name the type of membrane channel that randomly opens and closes and is found in dendrites,cell bodies,and axons of all types of neurons.

A)leak channel
B)ligand-gated channel
C)mechanically gated channel
D)voltage-gated channel
E)pressure-sensitive channel

Question 72

Describe the difference between spatial and temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron.

Question 73

Chromatolysis refers to

A)break up of lysosomes after neural injury.
B)Wallerian degeneration after neural injury.
C)plasticity of neuron.
D)break up of Nissl bodies after neural injury.
E)none of these choices

Question 74

Which of the following types of neurons is exclusively found in the cerebellum?

A)bipolar neuron
B)multipolar neuron
C)Purkinje cells
D)unipolar neuron
E)pyramidal cells

Question 75

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 76

Which type of unipolar neuron in the figure serves as a pain receptor?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)A and B

Question 77

Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to changes in membrane potential and is located in axons of all types of neurons.

A)leakage channel
B)ligand-gated channels
C)mechanically gated channels
D)voltage-gated channels
E)temperature-sensitive channel

Question 78

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that is located mainly in gray matter and helps maintain the appropriate chemical environment for generation of nerve impulses?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 79

Which of the following types of neurons have one axon and one dendrite emerging from the cell body and are found in the retina of the eye,inner ear,and olfactory region of the brain?

A)bipolar neuron
B)multipolar neuron
C)unipolar neuron
D)nonpolar neuron
E)pseudounipolar

Question 80

What specific type of unipolar neuron is shown in the diagram labeled B?

A)Merkel disc
B)Meissner corpuscle
C)Pacinian corpuscle
D)nociceptor
E)Purkinje cell