Deck 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Medullary nuclei are?1.masses of gray matter in the medulla oblongata.?2.masses of white matter in the medulla oblongata.?3.decussations of the pyramids.

A)1 only.
B)2 only.
C)3 only.
D)Both 1 and 2.
E)None of these choices.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed through these fingerlike projections found in the dural venous sinuses.

A)Choroid plexuses
B)Microvilli
C)Arachnoid villi
D)Dural villi
E)Lemnisci

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?

A)Lateral ventricle
B)Septum pellucidum
C)Fourth ventricle
D)Third ventricle
E)Corpus callosum

Answer 3

A

Question 4

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.

A)Dura mater
B)Arachnoid mater
C)Cerebrospinal fluid
D)Blood brain barrier
E)All of these choices

Question 5

This is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.

A)Lateral ventricle
B)Septum pellucidum
C)Third ventricle
D)Fourth ventricle
E)Fifth ventricle

Question 6

This extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

A)Falx cerebri
B)Falx cerebelli
C)Tentorium cerebelli
D)Tentorium cerebri
E)None of these choices

Question 7

This structure in the brain contains centers responsible for the "startle reflex" in response to loud sounds.

A)Superior colliculus
B)Inferior colliculus
C)Pontine nucleus
D)Medial lemniscus
E)Arbor vitae

Question 8

These are networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

A)Choroid plexuses
B)Lateral apertures
C)Interventricular foramina
D)Brachial plexuses
E)Aqueduct of the midbrain

Question 9

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata,pons and midbrain?

A)Brain stem
B)Cerebrum
C)Cerebellum
D)Diencephalon
E)Dura mater

Question 10

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid??1.Mechanical protection?2.pH homeostasis?3.Circulation

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)Both 1 and 2
E)All of these choices

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain?

A)Brain stem
B)Cerebellum
C)Cauda equina
D)Diencephalon
E)Cerebrum

Question 12

This region of the brain contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration.

A)Spinal cord
B)Midbrain
C)Pons
D)Thalamus
E)Cerebellum

Question 13

This is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciousness.

A)Cuneate nucleus
B)Gracile nucleus
C)Medial lemniscus
D)Reticular formation
E)Decussation of pyramids

Question 14

Pyramids are

A)gray matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata.
B)white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata.
C)gray matter protrusions found on the pons.
D)white matter protrusions found on the pons.
E)a network of white and gray matter found in the medulla oblongata.

Question 15

The brain and spinal cord develop from the ______ neural tube.

A)mesodermal
B)endodermal
C)ectodermal
D)cranial
E)caudal

Question 16

Cerebrospinal fluid carries small amounts of chemicals like glucose from the ______ to neurons and neuroglia.

A)interstitial fluid
B)bile
C)intracellular fluid
D)arachnoid space
E)blood

Question 17

This brain vesicle gives rise to the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct.

A)Prosencephalon
B)Mesencephalon
C)Rhombencephalon
D)Telencephalon
E)Myelencephalon

Question 18

Which of the following meninges has two layers?

A)Spinal dura mater
B)Cranial dura mater
C)Spinal arachnoid mater
D)Cranial arachnoid mater
E)All of these choices

Question 19

Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus,hypothalamus and epithalamus?

A)Cerebellum
B)Brain stem
C)Cerebrum
D)Diencephalon
E)Dura mater

Question 20

The adult brain represents only ____ of the total body weight.

A)2%
B)5%
C)10%
D)12%
E)20%

Question 21

This structure carries sensory information coming from proprioceptors found in the trunk and limbs into the cerebellum.

A)Inferior cerebellar peduncle
B)Middle cerebellar peduncle
C)Superior cerebellar peduncle
D)Anterior lobe
E)Posterior lobe

Question 22

Which of the following regions of the brain contains the inferior olivary nucleus?

A)Pons
B)Medulla oblongata
C)Pyramids
D)Hypothalamus
E)Midbrain

Question 23

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature?

A)Broca's area
B)Primary visual area
C)Common integrative area
D)Prefrontal cortex area
E)Primary somatosensory area

Question 24

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A)Association tracts
B)Corpus callosum
C)Projection tracts
D)Pyramids
E)Sulci

Question 25

Together the lentiform and caudate nuclei are known as the

A)globus pallidus.
B)putamen.
C)medial geniculate nucleus.
D)corpus striatum.
E)internal capsule.

Question 26

Which of the following regions of the brain contain the pineal gland?

A)Thalamus
B)Cerebellum
C)Hypothalamus
D)Cerebrum
E)Epithalalmus

Question 27

Which of the following nuclei are found in the pons?

A)Pontine nuclei
B)Apneustic area
C)Pneumotaxic area
D)All of these choices
E)None of these choices

Question 28

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine?

A)Substantia nigra
B)Inferior olivary nucleus
C)Inferior colliculus
D)Cerebral peduncle
E)Apneustic area

Question 29

Which of the following are NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?

A)Hunger
B)Thirst
C)Blood calcium concentration
D)Emotional behavior
E)Body temperature

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a nucleus found in the thalamus?

A)Anterior nucleus
B)Medial nucleus
C)Red nucleus
D)Reticular nucleus
E)Lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 31

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body?

A)Broca's area
B)Primary visual area
C)Somatosensory association area
D)Primary motor area
E)Primary somatosensory area

Question 32

During brain development,the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because

A)the white matter enlarges faster than the overlying gray matter.
B)the cerebrum grows faster than the dura mater.
C)the hypothalamus is larger than the epithalamus.
D)the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter.
E)the lobes of the cerebrum are not symmetrical.

Question 33

Which of the following is a nucleus found in the medulla oblongata that receives sensory information associated with touch,pressure and vibration?

A)Tectum
B)Superior colliculus
C)Substantia nigra
D)Pontine nucleus
E)Gracile nucleus

Question 34

The cerebellar cortex consists of folia,which are

A)parallel folds of white matter.
B)found in the vermis only.
C)portions of the pyramids.
D)parallel folds of gray matter.
E)used in the RAS system.

Question 35

This region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem.

A)Thalamus
B)Hypothalamus
C)Epithalamus
D)Pons
E)Midbrain

Question 36

This portion of the limbic system lies between the hippocampus and the parahippocampus gyrus.

A)dentate gyrus
B)septal nuclei
C)cingulate gyrus
D)olfactory bulbs
E)amygdala

Question 37

Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A)Posterior pituitary gland
B)Anterior pituitary gland
C)Thymus gland
D)Pancreas
E)Pineal gland

Question 38

This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance.

A)Tentorium cerebelli
B)Anterior lobe
C)Posterior lobe
D)Flocculonodular lobe
E)Transverse fissure

Question 39

The medial lemniscus is a band of white matter that extends through?1.the medulla oblongata.?2.the pons.?3.the midbrain.

A)1 only
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)both 2 & 3
E)1,2 & 3

Question 40

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?

A)Broca's area
B)Primary visual area
C)Common integrative area
D)Primary olfactory area
E)Primary somatosensory area

Question 41

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity?

A)Oculomotor
B)Trigeminal
C)Spinal accessory
D)Facial
E)Vagus

Question 42

Cranial nerve V is also known as the _______________nerve.

A)trochlear
B)oculomotor
C)trigeminal
D)vagus
E)abducens

Question 43

Which cranial nerve that serves the eyes has a purely sensory function?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 44

Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum?

A)cranial nerve I
B)cranial nerve V
C)cranial nerve VI
D)cranial nerve VIII
E)cranial nerve X

Question 45

This major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum.

A)B
B)E
C)F
D)C
E)A

Question 46

Describe the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Question 47

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 48

Anosmia may result from head injuries in which the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone is fractured.This condition results in impaired function of which cranial nerve in the diagram?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

In 1848,a railroad worker named Phineas Gage was seriously injured during an explosion on the job.A tapered metal rod ranging from 0.25 inches to 1.25 inches in diameter and over 3 feet long entered his skull just under his left cheek bone and exited through the top of his skull.The rod was found over twenty feet away.Amazingly,Gage lived even though he suffered massive damage to the left front of his brain.His personality and intellectual abilities changed,however.Before the accident,he was respected as a smart,capable and even-tempered man.After the accident,he was foul-mouthed and bad-tempered and could not make up his mind.In the years immediately preceding his death,he began to have epileptic seizures.Explain the changes observed in Mr.Gage based on your knowledge of the brain.

Question 50

Which cranial nerve in the diagram is primarily involved in the sense of vision?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 51

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the thalamus?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 52

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 53

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in chewing?

A)E
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 54

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?

A)II,III and IV
B)I,V and X
C)III,IX and V
D)III,IV and VI
E)X,XI and XII

Question 55

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in near vision accommodation and constriction of the pupil?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)F

Question 56

Which of the following cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in movement of the eyeball?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)G

Question 57

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram regulates hunger,thirst and many autonomic activities providing homeostasis?

A)A
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)None of these choices

Question 58

Damage to which of the cranial nerves in the diagram would result in strabismus?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)G

Question 59

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?

A)Oculomotor
B)Trigeminal
C)Spinal accessory
D)Facial
E)Vagus

Question 60

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech?

A)Broca's area
B)Primary gustatory area
C)Common integrative area
D)Prefrontal cortex area
E)Primary somatosensory area

Question 61

Blood flows to the brain through the ________ arteries and away from the brain through the _______ vein.

A)internal carotid and vertebral;internal jugular
B)external carotid and vertebral;external jugular
C)internal jugular and vertebral;internal carotid
D)internal carotid and axillary;internal jugular
E)external jugular and axillary;external jugular

Question 62

The maxillary branch of this labeled cranial nerve is found in the area where dentists apply anesthetic drugs for numbing the upper jaw.

A)E
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 63

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram will cause the inability of an eyeball to move laterally beyond the midpoint?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 64

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram by shingles or Lyme disease produces Bell's palsy?

A)F
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)L

Question 65

An electroencephalogram (EEG)measures brain waves primarily generated by

A)neurons in the pons.
B)neurons in the medulla oblongata.
C)neurons in the thalamus.
D)neurons in the cerebral cortex.
E)neurons in the cerebellum.

Question 66

Brain waves that appear in adults and children during periods of emotional stress are called

A)alpha waves.
B)beta waves.
C)theta waves.
D)delta waves.
E)P waves.

Question 67

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics?

A)Processes of astrocytes wrap tightly around capillaries in the brain.
B)Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.
C)Gap junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.
D)Spot desmosomes tightly link capillary endothelial cells together.
E)The basement membrane of capillaries in the brain contains extremely small pores.

Question 68

Which cranial nerve in the diagram innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 69

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in stimulating secretion of saliva?

A)F
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 70

Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called

A)alpha waves.
B)beta waves.
C)theta waves.
D)delta waves.
E)P waves.

Question 71

Which cranial nerve in the diagram causes heart rate to decrease?

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 72

Damage to a branch of which cranial nerve in the diagram causes tinnitus?

A)E
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 73

This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping.

A)Alpha waves
B)Beta waves
C)Theta waves
D)Delta waves.
E)All of the selections are correct

Question 74

Damage to which cranial nerve in the diagram causes paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L

Question 75

Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words).This is an example of

A)apraxia.
B)delirium.
C)cerebral lacerations.
D)hemispheric lateralization.
E)decussations.

Question 76

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A)alpha waves.
B)beta waves.
C)theta waves.
D)delta waves.
E)P waves.

Question 77

Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of

A)cranial nerve damage.
B)hemispheric lateralization.
C)damage to the olfactory nerve.
D)damage to the Broca's area.
E)None of these choices.

Question 78

Damage to a branch of which cranial nerve in the diagram causes vertigo?

A)E
B)G
C)H
D)I
E)J

Question 79

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in the secretion of saliva and tears?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)F
E)G

Question 80

Which cranial nerve in the diagram is involved with speech and swallowing and has a purely motor function?

A)H
B)I
C)J
D)K
E)L