Deck 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Blood

Question 1

Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?

A)Erythrocyte
B)Platelet
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Neutrophil

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?

A)Transportation of nutrients
B)Regulation of blood pH
C)Protection against infectious disease
D)Transportation of heat
E)Production of oxygen

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The normal average temperature of blood is around

A)98.6°F
B)100.4°F
C)90.8°F
D)89.6°F
E)101.6°F

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A megakaryoblast will develop into

A)a red blood cell.
B)a white blood cell.
C)a platelet.
D)either a white blood cell or a platelet.
E)none of these choices.

Question 5

Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance?

A)Albumin
B)Globulins
C)Fibrinogen
D)Myoglobin
E)Hemoglobin

Question 6

Ferritin is a protein used to

A)transport iron in the blood.
B)store iron in the liver.
C)oxidize iron in the peroxisomes.
D)synthesize iron.
E)absorb iron across intestinal cells.

Question 7

The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by

A)WBCs.
B)platelets.
C)RBCs.
D)plasma.
E)plasma proteins.

Question 8

The normal pH range for blood is

A)7.35-8.50
B)7.35-9.45
C)6.35-7.35
D)6.35-9.35
E)7.35-7.45

Question 9

Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow?

A)erythropoietin (EPO)
B)thrombopoietin (TPO)
C)human growth hormone (hGH)
D)calcitonin (CT)
E)follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 10

During hemopoiesis,some of the myeloid stem cells will eventually develop into

A)proerythroblasts.
B)T lymphoblasts.
C)B lymphoblasts.
D)NK lymphoblasts.
E)all of these choices.

Question 11

Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte?

A)Neutrophil
B)Platelet
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Erythrocyte

Question 12

The major function of red blood cells is

A)nutrient transport.
B)cytokine stimulation.
C)blood cell proliferation.
D)gas transport.
E)disease resistance.

Question 13

Approximately,how many hemoglobin molecules are found in each RBC?

A)50 million
B)100 million
C)280 million
D)320 million
E)430 million

Question 14

Towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow,a red blood cell loses its nucleus and becomes a

A)proerythroblast.
B)megakaryocyte.
C)progenitor cell.
D)mature erythrocyte.
E)reticulocyte.

Question 15

Which of the following blood cells release granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic)reactions?

A)Eosinophil
B)Monocyte
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Neutrophil

Question 16

Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

A)Albumin
B)Globulins
C)Fibrinogen
D)Prostaglandins
E)None of these choices

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common component of circulating blood?

A)Blood plasma
B)Formed elements
C)Hemocytoblasts
D)Platelets
E)White blood cells

Question 18

The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called

A)hematospermia.
B)hemopoiesis.
C)thrombocytosis.
D)hemostasis.
E)polycythemia.

Question 19

Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against parasitic worms?

A)Eosinophil
B)Monocyte
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Neutrophil

Question 20

What percentage of blood plasma is water?

A)95.1%
B)91.5%
C)88.5%
D)4.9%
E)8.5%

Question 21

Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?

A)Erythropoietin
B)Thrombopoietin
C)Nitric oxide
D)Human growth hormone
E)Heparin

Question 22

Which labeled cell in the diagram will develop into thrombocytes?

A)G
B)J
C)K
D)L
E)E

Question 23

Which of the labeled form elements of blood shown in the diagram are granular leukocytes?

A)I
B)J
C)K
D)More than one of the selections is correct.
E)None of selections are correct.

Question 24

Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?

A)Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
B)Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
C)Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
D)Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.

Question 25

Which of the cells in the diagram can be subdivided into categories of small and large versions of this cell type?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 26

Which labeled cell in the diagram is a WBC?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)Both B and C
E)All of these choices

Question 27

Which of the following blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system defense of the body against microbial invaders?

A)Eosinophil
B)Macrophage
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)Platelet

Question 28

The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called

A)emigration.
B)diaphysis.
C)adhesion.
D)opsonization.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 29

Which of the following opposes the action of thromboxane A2 by inhibiting platelet adhesion and release?

A)Heparin
B)Fibrinogen
C)Plasmin
D)Antithrombin
E)Prostacyclin

Question 30

Which letter in the diagram indicates the correct position of a myeloid stem cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 31

Which of following correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?

A)vascular spasm,clotting,polycythemia
B)hemolysis,vascular spasm,platelet plug formation
C)emigration,clotting,hemolysis
D)vascular spasm,platelet plug formation,clotting
E)anemia,hemogenesis,platelet plug formation

Question 32

Which of the following clotting factors is involved in strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?

A)Factor V
B)Factor VII
C)Factor XI
D)Factor XIII
E)Factor XIV

Question 33

Which of the cells in the diagram will increase the number of nuclear lobes as they age?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 34

Which of the following cells is not an agranular leukocyte?

A)Monocytes
B)Macrophage
C)Lymphocyte
D)Basophil
E)All of these choices

Question 35

Which of the following chemical substances are NOT commonly released by mast cells?

A)Heparin
B)Histamine
C)Nitric oxide
D)Proteases
E)All of these choices

Question 36

Which labeled cell in the diagram is the reticulocyte?

A)D
B)G
C)E
D)H
E)F

Question 37

Which labeled cell in the diagram is a pluripotent stem cell?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)G

Question 38

Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils?

A)Heparin
B)Fibrinogen
C)Thromboxane A2
D)Prostacyclin
E)Plasmin

Question 39

The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of

A)thromboplastin.
B)prothrombinase.
C)clotting factor XII.
D)fibrin.
E)tissue factor.

Question 40

Which of the cells in the diagram will eventually develop into macrophages?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 41

What percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure is protein?

A)20%
B)7%
C)1.5%
D)55%
E)54%

Question 42

What is the normal concentration range of the formed element that comprises the blood component labeled III in the figure?

A)400,000-1 million cells/μL
B)150-200 cells/μL
C)4.8-5.4 million cells/μL
D)150,000-400,000 cells/μL
E)5,000-10,000 cells/μL

Question 43

Which of the following types of proteins is present at the highest percentage in the blood component labeled I in the figure?

A)globulin
B)albumin
C)fibrinogen
D)thrombin
E)keratin

Question 44

Which of the following precursor cells give rise to agranular leukocytes?

A)Proerythroblast
B)Megakaryoblast
C)Lymphoblast
D)Myeloblast
E)None of the selections are correct.

Question 45

When blood from a normal adult is centrifuged as shown in the figure,which of the following components occupies the greatest volume?

A)plasma
B)red blood cells
C)platelets
D)buffy coat
E)white blood cells

Question 46

Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the highest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?

A)eosinophils
B)monocytes
C)lymphocytes
D)neutrophils
E)basophils

Question 47

Why does damaged endothelium present an increased risk of blood clotting?

Question 48

Explain the proposed role of hemoglobin in the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure.

Question 49

Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to neutrophils?

A)Megakaryoblast
B)Proerythroblast
C)T lymphoblast
D)Monoblast
E)Myeloblast

Question 50

Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

A)anti-A
B)anti-B
C)anti-A and anti-B
D)No antibodies to ABO blood group antigens
E)Not enough information to answer

Question 51

Which of the following types of proteins is present at the lowest percentage of the blood component labeled I in the figure?

A)globulin
B)albumin
C)fibrinogen
D)all of the protein listed are found in equal percentages
E)none of proteins listed are found in component I

Question 52

Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes?

A)Platelets
B)Erythrocytes
C)T lymphocytes
D)Monocytes
E)Basophils

Question 53

Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to the platelets?

A)Megakaryoblast
B)Proerythroblast
C)T lymphoblast
D)Monoblast
E)Myeloblast

Question 54

What does this figure represent?

A)Erythropoiesis
B)RBC differentiation
C)Emigration
D)Clot formation
E)Clot retraction

Question 55

Describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis.Under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated?

Question 56

Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the smallest percentage of the blood component labeled II in the figure?

A)eosinophils
B)monocytes
C)lymphocytes
D)neutrophils
E)basophils

Question 57

What is this figure demonstrating?

A)Erythropoiesis
B)RBC differentiation
C)Emigration
D)Clot formation
E)Clot retraction

Question 58

What blood type is a person if their plasma contains only anti-A agglutinin?

A)A
B)B
C)O
D)AB
E)Not enough information is provided to answer question.

Question 59

Which of the following precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes?

A)Proerythroblast
B)Megakaryoblast
C)Lymphoblast
D)Myeloblast
E)None of the selections are correct.

Question 60

List and briefly describe the major functions of blood.

Question 61

The average life span of an erythrocyte in the circulation is

A)4 to 5 years.
B)4 to 5 hours.
C)5 to 9 days.
D)120 days.
E)120 weeks.

Question 62

A cord-blood transplant involves obtaining the stem cells to transplant into the diseased patient from

A)the spermatic cord of a donor's testes.
B)the spinal cord of the patient.
C)the umbilical cord of a donor shortly after birth.
D)the irradiated bone marrow of the patient.
E)the spinal cord of an aborted fetus.

Question 63

Which of the following are characteristics of BOTH erythrocytes and thromobocytes?

A)no nucleus
B)large segmented nucleus
C)cytoplasmic granules
D)lifespan of 5 to 9 days
E)develop from myeloblasts
F)more than one answer selection is correct

Question 64

Anemia is defined as

A)a condition where blood does not clot properly.
B)a condition where blood cells are lysed by the immune response.
C)a condition where there is excessive bleeding.
D)a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced.
E)none of these choices.

Question 65

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate viral infections?

A)A & B
B)B & C
C)C & D
D)D & E
E)E & C

Question 66

A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B₁₂ or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called

A)hemorrhagic anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)pernicious anemia.
E)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 67

Reduced vitamin B₁₂ absorption from the small intestine due to reduced intrinsic factor production in the stomach results in condition called

A)hemorrhagic anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)pernicious anemia.
E)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 68

Destruction of red bone marrow due to radiation results in

A)hemorrhagic anemia.
B)aplastic anemia.
C)megaloblastic anemia.
D)pernicious anemia.
E)iron deficiency anemia.

Question 69

Serum is

A)the same as plasma.
B)plasma without the clotting factors.
C)the same as lymph.
D)formed during the first step in blood clotting.
E)pulmonary interstitial fluid.

Question 70

A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate radiation exposure,or systemic lupus erythromatosus?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 71

A low count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate pregnancy,ovulation,or hyperthyroidism?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 72

List and briefly describe the three mechanisms used to reduce blood loss from a damaged blood vessel.

Question 73

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate parasitic infection or autoimmune disease?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 74

Low counts of which two cell types shown in the figure may result from treatment with cortisol?

A)A & B
B)B & C
C)C & D
D)D & E
E)E & C

Question 75

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate fungal infection?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 76

If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood,which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient?

A)Agglutination (clumping)of the transfused blood cells.
B)Complement-induced hemolysis of the transfused blood cells.
C)Released hemoglobin clogging the filtration membrane of the kidneys.
D)More than one of the answer selection is correct.
E)No adverse reactions would occur.

Question 77

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate cancer or hypothyroidism?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 78

A high count of which of the white blood cells shown in the figure may indicate bacterial infection,stress,or inflammation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 79

Stercobilin,a brown pigment that gives feces its characteristic color,and urobilin,a yellow pigment that gives urine its color,are both breakdown products of which of the following components of blood?

A)heme
B)globin
C)iron
D)ferritin
E)erythropoietin

Question 80

Which of the following formed elements in blood are removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver after only 5 to 9 days in the circulation?

A)erythrocytes
B)thrombocytes
C)monocytes
D)basophils
E)eosinophils