Deck 20: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

Question 1

This layer of the heart wall consists of mesothelium and connective tissue.

A)Epicardium
B)Myocardium
C)Endocardium
D)Fibrous pericardium
E)None of the answer selections are correct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm.

A)Epicardium
B)Abdominal cavity
C)Pericardium
D)Mediastinum
E)Thoracic cavity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The apex of the heart is normally pointed

A)at the midline.
B)to the left of the midline.
C)to the right of the midline.
D)is different for males and females
E)posteriorly.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the

A)pericardium.
B)pleura.
C)myocardium.
D)mediastinum.
E)endocardium.

Question 5

Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

A)Bicuspid valve
B)Interventricular septum
C)Tricuspid valve
D)Mitral valve
E)Ascending aorta

Question 6

Which of the following is a disorder in which the aortic semilunar valve is narrowed?

A)Aortic insufficiency
B)Rheumatic fever
C)Mitral valve prolapse
D)Aortic stenosis
E)Mitral insufficiency

Question 7

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

A)Epicardium
B)Pericardium
C)Myocardium
D)Endocardium
E)Hypocardium

Question 8

Explain how the heart pumps blood into two separate closed circuits that are arranged in series.

Question 9

Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly

A)into arteries.
B)into capillaries.
C)into veins.
D)through an atrioventricular valve.
E)through the apex.

Question 10

This is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart.

A)Synovial fluid
B)Endocardium
C)Pleural fluid
D)Pericardial fluid
E)Capillary endothelium

Question 11

These muscular ridges are found on the anterior wall of the right atrium and extend into the auricles.

A)Pectinate muscles
B)Trabeculae carneae
C)Coronary sulci
D)Papillary muscles
E)Chordae tendinae

Question 12

In a fetus,this structure allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

A)Fossa ovalis
B)Foramen ovale
C)Trabeculae carneae
D)Descending aorta
E)Ductus arteriosus

Question 13

This pouch-like structure increases the total filling capacity of the atrium.

A)Ventricle
B)Coronary sulcus
C)Fossa ovalis
D)Interatrial septum
E)Auricle.

Question 14

Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

A)Tricuspid valve
B)Bicuspid valve
C)Pulmonary semilunar valve
D)Aortic semilunar valve
E)Mitral valve

Question 15

What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?

A)Dense connective tissue
B)Areolar connective tissue
C)Hyaline cartilage
D)Cardiac muscle tissue
E)Adipose tissue

Question 16

This groove found on the surface of the heart marks the boundary between the right and left ventricles.

A)Coronary sulcus
B)Anterior interventricular sulcus
C)Posterior interventricular sulcus
D)Coronary sinus
E)Anterior intraventricular sulcus

Question 17

Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle thicker than the myocardium of the right ventricle?

Question 18

Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?

A)Right atrium
B)Interventricular septum
C)Bicuspid valve
D)Aortic semilunar valve
E)Pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 19

The outermost layer of the pericardium,which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective tissue,is called the

A)parietal layer of pericardium.
B)serous pericardium.
C)fibrous pericardium.
D)epicardium.
E)endocardium.

Question 20

Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly

A)into auricles.
B)into arteries.
C)into veins
D)through atrioventricular valves
E)through semilunar valves.

Question 21

Stimulation of this nerve reduces heart rate.

A)Cardiac accelerator nerve
B)Hypoglossal nerve
C)Spinal accessory
D)Vagus nerve
E)Phrenic nerve

Question 22

This term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises.

A)filling
B)systole
C)repolarization
D)diastole
E)fibrillation

Question 23

This structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at constant rate of about 100 beats per minute.

A)Cardiac accelerator nerves
B)Atrioventricular node
C)Cardiovascular center
D)Sinoatrial node
E)Bundle of His

Question 24

Which of the following selections lists conditions that would lead to increased stroke volume?

A)increased preload,increased afterload,increased contractility
B)decreased preload,decreased afterload,decreased contractility
C)increased preload,decreased afterload,increased contractility
D)decreased preload,increased afterload,increased contractility
E)increased preload,increased afterload,decreased contractility

Question 25

Which of the following blood vessels is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

A)Coronary artery
B)Coronary vein
C)Coronary sinus
D)Vena cava
E)Myocardial vein

Question 26

Which of the following would lead to a decreased heart rate?

A)Increased norepinephrine release
B)Increased thyroid hormone release
C)Increased potassium levels in plasma
D)Increased calcium levels in plasma
E)Increased sympathetic stimulation

Question 27

During which of following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries?

A)atrial diastole
B)ventricular diastole
C)atrial systole
D)ventricular systole

Question 28

Which of the following types of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell?

A)Smooth muscle
B)Skeletal muscle
C)Cardiac muscle
D)All the muscle types contain approximately the same number.
E)Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells.

Question 29

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta each minute is called the

A)cardiac output.
B)cardiac input.
C)stroke volume.
D)heart rate.
E)pulse pressure.

Question 30

Which of the following electrocardiogram (EKG)waves represents atrial depolarization?

A)R wave
B)T wave
C)S wave
D)P wave
E)Q wave

Question 31

What of the following chambers of the heart contain deoxygenated blood?

A)Left atrium and left ventricle
B)Left atrium only
C)Right atrium and right ventricle
D)Right ventricle only
E)Left atrium and right ventricle

Question 32

This is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart.

A)Systemic circuit
B)Intercalated discs
C)Cardiovascular center
D)Cardiac conduction system
E)Pulmonary circuit

Question 33

The second heart sound (dupp)closely follows which of the events listed below?

A)Valvular stenosis
B)Semilunar valves opening
C)Atrioventricular valves closing
D)Semilunar valves closing
E)Atrioventricular valves opening

Question 34

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?

A)Bundle of His,Purkinje fibers,Atrioventricular (AV)node
B)Sinoatrial (SA)node,Purkinje fibers,AV node,Bundle of His
C)Purkinje fibers,AV node,SA node,Bundle of His
D)SA node,AV node,Bundle of His,Purkinje fibers
E)Bundle of His,SA node,AV node,Purkinje fibers

Question 35

This portion of the heart wall is responsible for the pumping action.

A)E
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 36

Briefly describe why cardiac tissue cannot repair itself after damage?

Question 37

Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?

A)R wave
B)T wave
C)S wave
D)P wave
E)Q wave

Question 38

Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by

A)desmosomes.
B)tight junctions.
C)gap junctions.
D)interneurons.
E)chordae tendinae.

Question 39

This part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate.

A)Midbrain
B)Cerebrum
C)Medulla oblongata
D)Cerebellum
E)Thalamus

Question 40

In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers,the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for ____ period of time.

A)a shorter
B)a longer
C)the same

Question 41

This is comprised of a thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue.

A)C
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)G

Question 42

In the diagram,which labeled structure is the marginal branch of the right coronary artery?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 43

Which phases of a heartbeat shown in the diagram involve repolarization of the heart's four chambers?

a)1 and 4
b)2 and 4
c)4 and 6
d)1,3,and 5
e)1,2,4 and 6
f)3 and 5

Question 44

In the diagram,which labeled structure is the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery?

A)B
B)D
C)E
D)F
E)C

Question 45

In the diagram,which labeled structure is the pulmonary semilunar valve?

A)B
B)D
C)E
D)A
E)None of these choices

Question 46

In the diagram,which labeled structure is the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery?

A)B
B)C
C)D
D)E
E)F

Question 47

In the diagram,where is the ascending aorta?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)F
E)H

Question 48

Which layer of the pericardium consists of dense irregular connective tissue?

A)F
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 49

Which of the labeled diagrams shows an atrial septal defect?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 50

In the diagram,which labeled structure prevents blood flow from the right ventricle back into the right atrium?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 51

In the diagram,which labeled structures are atrioventricular valves?

A)B only
B)D only
C)A and C
D)B and D
E)A,B,C and D

Question 52

Briefly describe what is happening at stage of the ECG labeled 5 in the diagram.

Question 53

In the diagram,where is the coronary sulcus?

A)C
B)E
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 54

In the diagram,where is the left auricle of the left atrium?

A)C
B)F
C)G
D)H
E)I

Question 55

Which of the labeled steps in the diagram represent formation of the endocardial tubes?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 56

In the diagram,these structures contain coronary blood vessels and a variable amount of fat.

A)F and H
B)A and B
C)C and G
D)E and I
E)D and F

Question 57

Which of the labeled steps in the diagram represent formation of the primitive heart tube?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 58

Describe what is happening during the phase of the cardiac action potential labeled 2 in the diagram.

Question 59

Which of the labeled diagrams shows coarctation of the aorta?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 60

In the diagram,where are the trabeculae carneae?

A)D
B)E
C)F
D)G
E)H

Question 61

What labeled structure in the figure increases the blood volume capacity of an atrium?

A)B
B)G
C)D
D)F

Question 62

Which labeled structure in the figure carries the cardiac action potential directly into the contractile fibers of the ventricular myocardium?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 63

Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)E
E)I

Question 64

Which blood vessel shown in the diagram is the left subclavian artery?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 65

Which labeled blood vessel shown in the diagram is the left common carotid artery?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 66

Which blood vessel shown in the figure carries oxygenated blood to the lower thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity of the body?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)H

Question 67

Which labeled blood vessel shown in the diagram is the right common carotid artery?

A)A
B)B
C)E
D)F
E)not shown in the diagram

Question 68

What labeled structure in the figure is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 69

Which structure in the figure is labeled B?

A)left common carotid artery
B)left subclavian artery
C)left pulmonary vein
D)mitral valve

Question 70

Which labeled structure in the figure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 71

Which labeled blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the right lung back to the heart?

A)B
B)K
C)J
D)E
E)C

Question 72

Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a remnant of fetal circulation that is not directly involved in adult circulation?

A)A
B)B
C)H
D)D
E)E

Question 73

Which labeled structure in the figure represents the only potential pathway for conducting action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 74

Which labeled structure in the figure receives deoxygenated blood from the blood vessel labeled A?

A)G
B)C
C)D
D)I
E)F

Question 75

What labeled structure in the figure is the descending aorta?

A)F
B)C
C)D
D)A

Question 76

Which structure in the figure is labeled C?

A)arch of aorta
B)pulmonary trunk
C)tricuspid valve
D)aortic valve

Question 77

Which structure in the figure is labeled A?

A)left common carotid artery
B)left subclavian artery
C)left pulmonary vein
D)mitral valve

Question 78

What labeled structure in the figure divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries to carry blood to the lungs?

A)E
B)A
C)D
D)G

Question 79

Which labeled structure in the figure is the AV node?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 80

Which labeled structure shown in the diagram is a pouch-like extension that serves to slightly increase the capacity of an atrium?

A)F
B)E
C)G
D)I
E)D